A qu��mica medicinal de N-acilidrazonas: novos compostos-prot��tipos de f��rmacos analg��sicos, antiinflamatórios e anti-tromb��ticos

In this article are described new bioactive N-acylhydrazone (NAH) derivatives, structurally designed as optimization of aryl hydrazones precursors planned by molecular hybridization of two 5-lipoxigenase inhibitors, e.g. CBS-1108 and BW-755c. The analgesic, antiedematogenic and anti-platelet aggregating profile of several isosteric compounds was investigated by using classic pharmacological assays in vivo and ex-vivo, allowing to identify new potent peripheric analgesic lead, a new anti-inflammatory and an antithrombotic agent. During this study was discovered dozen of active NAH compounds clarifying the structure-activity relationship for this series of NAH derivatives, indicating the pharmacophore character of the N-acylhydrazone functionality.

Metodolog��a para el Desarrollo Automatizado de Aplicaciones Seguras Basadas en Agentes M��viles

En este trabajo presentamos una metodolog��a para el dise��o de aplicaciones basadas en agentes m��viles seguros, y unas herramientas para aplicar esta metodolog��a. Los recientes avances en el campo de la seguridad de los agentes m��viles pueden desbloquear el uso de esta tecnolog��a, pero falta a��n superar la complejidad que suponen al programador de las aplicaciones. La metodolog��a propuesta, y el uso de nuestras herramientas, permiten agilizar el proceso de dise��o de arquitecturas criptogr��ficas, y de los agentes que las utilizan. La implementaci��n presentada es muy flexible, y permite utilizarse con cualquier plataforma de agentes que siga los est��ndares de IEEE-FIPA y que permita los esquemas de protecci��n conducidos por agente.

Generaci��n de Agentes M��viles Seguros a partir de Itinerarios y Arquitecturas Criptogr��ficas

En este trabajo presentamos un esquema para la creaci��n de agentes m��viles seguros a partir de una representaci��n del itinerario que deben seguir, el c��digo a ejecutar, y una especificaci��n de la arquitectura criptogr��fica con la que estar��n protegidos. Este tipo de agentes es muy ��til en aplicaciones seguras, pero su programaci��n resulta muy complicada. El esquema propuesto facilita enormemente esta tarea, automatizando el proceso a partir de especificaciones concretas. En la pr��ctica hemos conseguido un sistema de generaci��n de c��digo de f��cil utilizaci��n que permite, no s��lo la programaci��n de agentes m��viles seguros, sino tambi��n la creaci��n sencilla de nuevos esquemas criptogr��ficos para la protecci��n del c��digo y los datos de los agentes. El sistema puede usarse para desarrollar aplicaciones de prop��sito general basadas en el framework de ejecuci��n de agentes Jade.

Agentes antiasm��ticos modernos: antagonistas de receptores de leucotrienos ciste��nicos

In the early 1990s numerous clinical trials with antileukotriene drugs confirmed the hypothesis that cysteinyl leukotrienes are important bronchoconstrictor agents in asthma. Newly released"antiasthmatic medications include antileukotriene agents which function either by blocking the interaction of leukotrienes with receptors or by inhibiting leukotriene synthesis. Representatives of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors antagonists are zafirlukast (7), montelukast (8) and pranlukast (9). The bronchodilator efficacy and antiinflammatory property of antileukotriene drugs provided the main impetus behind their introduction as the first novel class of asthma therapy in more than 20 years.

Agentes antineopl��sicos biorredut��veis: uma nova alternativa para o tratamento de tumores s��lidos

A problem often encountered in cancer therapy is the presence of tumor cell subpopulation that are resistant to treatment. Solid tumors frequently contain hypoxic cells that are resistant to killing by ionizing radiation and also by many chemotherapeutic agents. However, these hypoxic cells can be exploited for therapy by non-toxic hypoxic-activated prodrugs. Bioreductive drugs require metabolic reduction to generate cytotoxic metabolites. This process is facilitated by appropriate reductases and the lower oxygen conditions present in solid tumors. The unique presence of hypoxic cells in human tumors provides an important target for selective cancer therapy.

Agentes dopamin��rgicos e o tratamento da disfun����o er��til

The understanding of the scientific basis of the erectile function expanded rapidly the range of therapies for treating erectile dysfunction in recent years. This article reviews the role of dopamine on the erection mechanisms and its importance for new pro-erectile drug design. The ability of dopaminergic agents to elicit penile erection has been described since 1975 and successively confirmed by numerous studies. The development of apomorphine SL (dopaminergic non selective agonist) to enhance erectile function represents a new pharmacological approach to the management of erectile dysfunction using CNS drugs. The search for selective D4 dopaminergic agents is being explored by some research groups and pharmaceutical companies.

C��ncer e agentes antineopl��sicos ciclo-celular espec��ficos e ciclo-celular n��o espec��ficos que interagem com o DNA: uma introdu����o

The chemotherapy agents against cancer may be classified as "cell cycle-specific" or "cell cycle-nonspecific". Nevertheless, several of them have their biological activity related to any kind of action on DNA such as: antimetabolic agents (DNA synthesis inhibition), inherently reactive agents (DNA alkylating electrophilic traps for macromolecular nucleophiles from DNA through inter-strand cross-linking - ISC - alkylation) and intercalating agents (drug-DNA interactions inherent to the binding made due to the agent penetration in to the minor groove of the double helix). The earliest and perhaps most extensively studied and most heavily employed clinical anticancer agents in use today are the DNA inter-strand cross-linking agents.

Compostos organofosforados pentavalentes: hist��rico, m��todos sint��ticos de prepara����o e aplica����es como inseticidas e agentes antitumorais

This paper is a review of the history, synthesis and application of organophosphorus compounds, especially of those of pentavalent phosphorus, such as phosphoramidates, phosphorothioates, phosphonates and phosphonic acids with insecticide and anticancer activities. The organophosphorus compounds with agrochemical applications show great structural variety, They include not only insecticides, but also fungicides, herbicides, and others. The large variety of commercially available organophosphorus pesticides is remarkable. Even more interesting is the high efficiency of some organophosphorus compounds as anticancer agents such as cyclophosphamide and its derivatives.

S��ntese de beta-N-acetilglicosamin��deos de arila modificados em C-6 como potenciais agentes antimicrobianos

We report herein the synthesis of aryl beta-N-acetylglucosaminides containing azido, amino and acetamido groups at C-6 as potential antimicrobial agents. It was expected that these compounds could interfere with the biosynthesis and/or biotransformation of N-acetylglucosamine in fungi and bacteria. None of the compounds showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), filamentous fungus (Aspergillus niger) and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisae, Candida albicans and Candida tropicallis), at the concentration of 1 mg/mL in agar diffusion assay.

An��lisis del proceso de adquisici��n del c��digo audiovisual y de la intervenci��n de los agentes que forman a los ciudadanos en el conocimiento de los medios

The research group Gre���TICE (Grupo de investigaci��n en tecnolog��as de la Informaci��n y la Comunicaci��n en Educaci��n) has the acquisition of the multimedia language and their use as a form of expression as one of their lines of research. During the academic year 2002�����2003, following previous work in the use of ICT in Education, commenced upon the project: ���The acquisition of visual and sound codes and the processes related to the visual media���. The intention of this project is to study how formal or non���formal education context can help young adults and children to acquire visual and sound codes to become ���critical consumers��� with the media and to use the tools in a creative way. To achieve this objective, the project team has developed a partner group which includes professional from different European regions; including teachers and managers from across the age spectrum, government institutions and cultural organisations. Whilst the project will call upon qualitative analysis of the previous projects / research, it will seek to develop ���Good Practice��� guides and other resources/ materials to be disseminated to project partners (and others) to build innovative actions throughout the European region

Repensando la relaci��n entre la ley y la violencia hacia las mujeres. Una aproximaci��n a los discursos de los/las agentes del ��mbito judicial en relaci��n a la ley integral de violencia de g��nero en Espa��a = Rethinking the relationship between law and violence against women. an approach to the juridical agents' discourses in relation to the integral law of gender-based violence

Of the many dimensions of the problem of violence exercised by men toward women in the context of the relations of partner or ex partner, this article deals with the analysis of the discursive productions of the institutional actors that are part of the judicial process. Our intention is to investigate the relationship between criminal law and gender-based violence starting from the implementation of the Law of Integral Gender-based Violence in Spain (LO. 1 / 2004) from a theoretical perspective which includes contributions from social psychology, and socio-legal feminism. We have approached the legal instrument - the Law of Integral Gender-based Violence - through the discourse of legal officers with a perspective that questions the values, so often proclaimed, of universality, objectivity and neutrality of the law

Percepciones de distintos agentes sociales acerca de la educaci��n formal de los chicos y chicas tutelados

This article examines the education of children and young people in public care and the available data about their situation from several conceptual perspectives.We present a qualitative empirical study on how a sample of care leavers perceives this situation as well as the stakeholders involved in the public care process: managers of services and nominated adults by young people. We present results from a total of 96 interviews conducted in Catalonia. The young people interviewed (N = 35) were between 19 and 22 years old and were selected among those who at the age of 16 were still in care and had good academic results and the capacity andmotivation to continue studying. These young people were interviewed twice, the second a year after to follow the achievement of their training plans. The resultsshow their perception concerning the circumstances that make it easier or difficult to continue studying. Moreover, the results show the matches, mismatches anddiversity among their answers and those of other stakeholders interviewed about what factors facilitate and difficult the education. These results suggest the need for an in-depth review on the representations about the formal education of children in care from professionals and care policies, and how they address the support they need to participate in education

Efeitos de agentes oxidantes e oxig��nio dissolvido na descolora����o do azo corante acid orange 7 por fot��lise e fotocat��lise

The decolorization of acid orange 7 azo dye by photolysis and photocatalysis by ZnO was investigated in the presence of oxidants such as NaClO3, NaBrO3, NaIO4, and K2S2O8 in an open reactor at 30 ��C. The decolorization was relatively fast at lower oxidants concentrations and slow rate at larger concentrations, except for persulfate in the photocatalysis. Concerning photolysis the rate constant enhanced gradually, except for chlorate, outreaching the obtained values by photocatalysis, at higher concentrations. The air saturation decreased the rate constant in both processes and indicated that the azo dye can be decolorized without dissolved oxygen in persulfate medium.

Tra��adores: o uso de agentes qu��micos para estudos hidrol��gicos, ambientais, petroqu��micos e biol��gicos

This paper presents a revision of the history, definitions, and classification of tracers (natural and artificial, internal and external). The fundamental ideas concerning tracers are described, followed by their application illustrated by typical examples. The advantages and disadvantages of five classes among the most frequently used external tracers (fluorescent, microbial, chemical, radioactive and activable isotopes) are also described in detail. This review also presents some interesting and modern applications of tracers in the areas of diagnostics in medical practice, environmental pollution, hydrology and petroleum chemistry.

Antibi��ticos: import��ncia terap��utica e perspectivas para a descoberta e desenvolvimento de novos agentes

There is a continuous need for antibiotics, mainly with new mechanisms of action, since infectious diseases represent the second major cause of death in the world and bacteria resistance levels are high. This review describes the contribution of microbial natural products for the development of the major antibiotic classes, the mechanisms of action of current antibiotics, some modern approaches involving genetic tools for the discovery and development of new antibiotics from microbial products and antibiotics in clinical trials.