Estudos anatômicos e histológicos do ducto intestinal de Embolyntha batesi MacLachlan, 1877 (Embiidina)

É descrito antômica e histològicamente o ducto digestivo do Embiídeo Embolyntha batesi. Consta de: Cavidade bucal com as partes bucais e hipofaringe; faringe com musculatura circular de 5 pares de dilatadores; esôfago com a inglúvia que é pouco acentuada; proventrículo com válvulas funcionando como esfincter controlando a entrada e saída dos alimento. Essas expansões cuticulares entram em contato com a válvula cardíaca; ênteron (intestino mediano) começando no mesotórax e estendendo-se até o quinto segmento abdominal; piloro com 25 tubos de Malpithi em grupos de 2 a 5; íleo (intestino delgado) dilatável com numerosas dobras longitudinais e forte musculatura; colon (intestino grosso) também dilatável, constituindo a parte que liga o íleo ao reto; reto com seis papilas retais e cujas paredes possuem listras longitudinais cuticulares ligadas por tonofibrilas à musculatura circular, talvez podendo ser esvaziada pela contração circular e ânus com forte musculatura formando um esfíncter. As glândulas salivares formam um par de sacos com lóbulos, no protórax. São descritas aqui cinco fases secretoriais e um estado de reabsorção. É provável que êste siga ao últimoestado de secreção.

Contribuição ao estudo dos Embiídeos: IV. Polimorfismo sexual da região cefálica de Embolyntha batesi Mac lachlan, 1877 (Embiidina, Embiidae)

Em continuação as pesquisas que vimos realizando nos Embiídeos é feito um estudo comparado das peças bucais entre machos e fêmeas de Embolyntha batesi. A cabeça é prognata recoberta por diminutas cerdas. É a região mais resistente do inseto, devido proteger, além de outros órgãos, principalmente, o sistema nervoso. Varia de tamanho nos dois sexos com os índices (comprimento : largura) na fêmea de 1,06 e nos machos de 1,36; a cabeça da fêmea é achatada, enquanto que a dos machos é alongada. Quase tôdas as suturas são visíveis nos sexos, com excessão de algumas, como é o caso da coronal e post-frontal dos machos. De tôdas as suturas, a temporal é a mais interessante, limita a região do vertex com as genas, ao mesmo tempo que origina um sulco profundo, que penetra na cápsula craniana fazendo parte do esqueleto interno da cabeça, e sendo responsável pelo aspecto diferente das mesmas. A sutura temporal, na região ventral, separa as genas das subgenas. A sutura hipostomal, em ambos os sexos, é muito acentuada, e na sua parte mais interna, vêm se inserir os ramos posteriores do tentório, e, ainda lateralmente, as maxilas. O tentório é primitivo, tendo um corpo central, de forma quadrangular e, de cada ângulo parte um ramo; dois anteriores, menores, que se dirigem para a região dorsal onde se bifurcam, indo ter próximo á base das antenas e mandíbulas, e dois ramos posteriores que seguem a direção ventral, indo ter á região hipostomal. As antenas são filiformes, variando o número de segmentos. Os olhos dos machos são reniformes, salientes e grandes, enquanto que os das fêmeas são pequenos, ovais e achatados. O número de omatídeos de macho é 34, e, na fêmea é 41, em uma determinada área. O clípeo quase não se diferencia da fronte, porém encontra-se dividido em anti-clípeo e post-clípeo. A sutura do clípeo-labro é bem acentuada, deixando transparecer, após a diafanização do material, um espessamento da cutícula na sua região mais interna, destinada a implantação dos músculos que movimentam o labro. Na parte ventral o labro apresenta sensilas, que variam quanto a forma, tamanho e estrutura nos dois sexos. As mandíbulas apresentam-se muito diferentes devida sua função, isto é, trituradora nas fêmeas e preensora nos machos. Pela simples morfologia das mandíbulas podemos identificar o sexo nos Embiídeos. Em ambos temos dentes incisivos e molares, porém mais acentuados nas fêmeas. Nos machos a região interna da mandíbula tem a forma côncava, com cutícula...

Anatomy and histology of Embolyntha batesi MacLahlan, 1877 (Embiidina)

The Embioptera are rather generalized insects whose internal anatomy is simple and not subject to great modifications. For this reason these insects form an ideal group for elementary anatomical and histological studies (fig. 2). The digestive tract is a long, simple tube without convolutions or diverticulae from the buccal cavity to the rectum. The buccal structures are of the chewing type. The oesophagus and ingluvia are differentiated only by slight dilation of their walls. In nymphs and females the proventriculus is very distinct due to folds which flatten as the structure becomes packed with food. The enteron is the largest in such forms and in both sexes limited caudally by the Malpighian tubules. The proctodeus has six large rectal papillae. The nervous system is complete with only the fifth abdominal segment lacking a ganglion in the metathorax includes the ganglion of the first abdominal segment. The brain exhibits very clear structure in histological sections. The tracheal system includes two pairs of thoracic spiracles and eight abdominal pairs. Only th metathoracic spiracle has an air expiration function; all others serve for inspiration. Various structures in the spiracles protect the atrium. The circulatory system includes a long, simple dorsal vessel which extends forward from the ninth abdominal segment into the cranium. It opens anteriorly near the circumoesophageal connectives. The dorsal vessel has a pair of ostia and valves corresponding to each abdominal and thoracic segment. It lacks the diverticulae or folds commonly found in more highly evolved insects. The excretory system is represented by Malphighian tubules, pericardial cells, and fat-body. The number and disposition of Malpighian tubules is variable within the order. The pericardial cells are localized around the entire dorsal vessel up to the opening of the aorta in the head. The fat-bodies form compact layers in the dorsal and ventral regions of the body. In males they are more developed in the abdominal region. The mandibles, maxillae, and salivary glands are of a simple type with very few cytological modifications. Only the salivary glands which extend into the mesothoracic region show appreciable specialization. The reproductive system is bi-sixual and shows considerable sexual dimorphism. Males have five pair of testes with a metameric disposition, two distinct ducts, two epidymis, and the ejaculatory organs. The accessory glands vary in number and size and open in the anterior portion of the ejaculatory duct. The female reproductive organs are of the panoistic type. The system includes five pairs of ovarioles, two long paired oviducts a small, unpaired oviduct and the spermatheca which opens in the vagina. Reproduction usually involves a union of male and female gametes, and eggs are usually laid in clusters attached to a substrate.

Marx: From Hegel and Feuerbach to Adam Smith

This paper discusses the development of Marx’s thought over a period of something like fifteen months, between the spring of 1843 and the autumn of 1844. The focus of the paper is Marx’s first encounter with classical political economy as he found it in the Wealth of Nations. The outcome of this encounter was presented by Marx in his Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. It is argued here that in the classical theory, with which he had hitherto been largely unfamiliar, Marx found all the elements he needed to synthesise the philosophical standpoint he had developed in the preceding months with political economy. The Manuscripts represent the first crucial stage in the development of this synthesis. This first encounter of Marx with classical political economy, and his first steps in the development of his synthesis, have received hardly any attention in the literature. The present paper seeks to fill this gap.

Marx: From Hegel and Feuerbach to Adam Smith

This paper discusses the development of Marx’s thought over a period of something like fifteen months, between the spring of 1843 and the autumn of 1844. The focus of the paper is Marx’s first encounter with classical political economy as he found it in the Wealth of Nations. The outcome of this encounter was presented by Marx in his Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. It is argued here that in the classical theory, with which he had hitherto been largely unfamiliar, Marx found all the elements he needed to synthesise the philosophical standpoint he had developed in the preceding months with political economy. The Manuscripts represent the first crucial stage in the development of this synthesis. This first encounter of Marx with classical political economy, and his first steps in the development of his synthesis, have received hardly any attention in the literature. The present paper seeks to fill this gap.

Nearer to Sraffa than Marx: Adam Smith on Productive and Unproductive Labour

This paper supercedes an earlier attempt I made to pin down the meaning and significance of Adam Smith’s theory of productive and unproductive labour. (Strathclyde Discussion Papers in Economics, No.08-05) My conclusion then was that while Smith’s understanding of what was needed to achieve economic growth was sound, his discussion was marred by apparently conflicting definitions of productive labour. That (essentially conventional) interpretation does not, I now believe, do justice to Smith. Revision is therefore called for: hence the present paper.

A Comparison of Two Brazilian Populations of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) from Endemic and Non-endemic Areas to Infection with Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold, 1877)

Culex quinquefasciatus is known to be an efficient insect host of Wuchereria bancrofti. In Brazil Cx. quinquefasciatus is widely distributed throughout the country and is often abundant in and around human habitations. In contrast, Bancroftian filariasis is limited to three foci in Brazil. Experiments were undertaken to compare the vector capacities of Cx. quinquefasciatus originating from Maceió (Alagoas), one of the endemic areas of W. bancrofti infection in Brazil, and Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais), a non endemic area. Laboratory-reared Cx. quinquefasciatus were dissected 20 days after blood feeding on microfilaraemic patients. Survival rates and the number of infective larvae that developed did not differ in female mosquitoes of different origins. Thus both populations of Culex were susceptible to infection with W. bancrofti

Dieu, vingt-six portraits bibliques

Vingt-six portraits par vingt-six exégètes. Tel est le défi proposé et assumé pour un parcours surprenant de lectures et d'interprétations multiples d'un Dieu unique et en même temps complexe. Quelle cohérence entre le Dieu fracassant de l'Exode et le Dieu crucifié de l'apôtre Paul ? Quelle continuité entre le Dieu de Gédéon et celui de Jésus : " Mon Dieu, mon Dieu, pourquoi m'as-tu abandonné ? " (Mc 15,34) ? Le Dieu de l'entrée en Canaan ressemble-t-il vraiment à l'Agneau immolé de l'Apocalypse ? Mais déjà, au sein de la Bible hébraïque, les trompettes de Jéricho côtoient le Serviteur souffrant d'Isaïe. Comment comprendre aujourd'hui cette diversité de la présence de Dieu dans la Bible, si ce n'est par la diversité des regards d'exégètes dont la lecture croisée des textes bibliques nous invite à renouveler notre compréhension de Dieu ?

Cambios en los niveles de hormonas sexuales en el varón que envejece y su relación con el Síndrome Adam

En los últimos años está tomando un importante protagonismo el síndrome de ADAM (“Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males”), consecuencia del aumento de la expectativa de vida en los varones. Con la realización de este estudio pretendemos establecer la prevalencia de este síndrome en la población y establecer una relación entre los niveles androgénicos y el diagnóstico del síndrome de ADAM. Para ello escogeremos la muestra de la población de varones entre cincuenta y ochenta años del departamento 4 de Salud de la CCVV. La obtención de los datos se realizará mediante la realización de test clínicos fundamentalmente el cuestionario de ADAM.

Le mythe de la chute de Satan et la question du milieu d'origine de la Vie d'Adam et Ève

(Résumé de l'ouvrage) This collection of studies in honor of François Bovon highlights the rich diversity found within early expressions of Christianity as evidenced in ancient texts, traditions, symbols, and motifs. Old labels like 'apocrypha' or 'heresy' that for centuries have suppressed much of this evidence are removed, previous assumptions are questioned, and the old data are examined afresh along with the latest discoveries. The studies fall into six areas: ancient gospels, acts, early Christian movements, ancient interpretations, art, and manuscripts. Contributors include James Robinson, Helmut Koester, Harold Attridge, Karen King, and Jean-Daniel Kaestli.