Treatment seeking by individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder from the British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of 2000

Objective: For several reasons, many individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not seek treatment. However, data on treatment seeking from community samples are scant. This study analyzed service use by adults with OCD living in private households in Great Britain. Methods: Data from the British Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity of 2000, in which 8,580 individuals were surveyed, were analyzed. Service use was compared for those with OCD, with other neuroses, with different subtypes of OCD (only obsessions, only compulsions, or both), and with OCD and comorbid neuroses. Results: Persons with OCD (N=114) were more likely than persons with other neuroses (N=1,395) to be receiving treatment (40% compared with 23%, p<.001). However, those with OCD alone (N=38) were much less likely than those with OCD and a comorbid disorder to be in treatment (14% compared with 56%, p<.001). In the previous year, 9.4% of persons with OCD had seen a psychiatrist and 4.6% had seen a psychologist. Five percent were receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy, 2% were taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and 10% were taking tricyclics. Conclusions: Most persons with OCD were not in contact with a mental health professional, and apparently very few were receiving appropriate treatments. Very few persons with noncomorbid OCD were receiving treatment. Individuals with OCD who are in treatment may not be disclosing their obsessions and compulsions and may be discussing other emotional symptoms, leading to inappropriate treatment strategies. Public awareness of OCD symptoms should be raised, and primary care professionals should inquire about them with all patients who have depressive or anxiety disorders.

Escolas Técnicas do SUS (ETSUS) no Brasil: regulação da integração ensino serviço e sustentabilidade administrativa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sexual maturity of the speckled swimming crab Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae), in the Ubatuba Littoral, São Paulo state, Brazil

The sizes at morphological and physiological maturity of male and female Arenaeus cribrarius were estimated to determine if both events are synchronous. Animals were captured with otto-trawls at Ubatuba, Brazil. A total of 2356 specimens, 977 males and 1379 females, were obtained. The major carapace width without spines (CW), the propodus length of the major cheliped (PL) and the width of the 5th abdominal somite (AW) were measured with vernier calipers. Allometric relationships and gonadal development were analyzed to determine the maturity in both sexes. The size at the onset of male morphological maturity was estimated at CW 52 mm, smaller than the CW 63.4 mm physiological maturity size observed. For females, these events are synchronous since both estimates converged at CW 59.7 mm. The onset of functional sexual maturity in A. cribrarius at CW 63.4 and 59.7 mm in males and females, respectively, would indicate a minimum size of CW 64 mm for fishing purposes. Differences between allometric and gonadal estimates indicate the importance of considering both methods. A comparison of the present results with other available data in portunid crabs is provided.

História de vida de Laetacara aff. araguaiae Ottoni & Costa, 2009 (Perciformes, Cichlidae) em dois riachos no Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Oral microbial colonization in patients with systemic lupus erythematous: correlation with treatment and disease activity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A laboratory study of the transfer of U-234 and U-238 during water-rock interactions in the Carnmenellis granite (Cornwall, England) and implications for the interpretation of field data

Laboratory time-scale experiments were conducted on gravels from the Carnmenellis granite, Cornwall, England, with the purpose of evaluating the release of natural uranium isotopes to the water phase. The implications of these results for the production of enhanced U-234/U-238 activity ratios in Cornish groundwaters are discussed. It is suggested that the U-234/U-238 lab data can be used to interpret activity ratios from Cornwall, even when the observed inverse relationship between dissolved U and U-234/U-238 in leachates/etchates is taken into account. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Níveis críticos de fósforo em Brachiaria decunbens (Stapf) Prain, Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickerdt, Digitaria decumbens Stent, Hypharrhenia rufa (Ness) Stapf, Melinis minutiflora Pal de Beauv, Panicum maximum Jacq. e Pennisetum purpureum Schum

Plantas dos capins braquiaria brachiaria decumbens Stapf (Prain) , quicuio da Amazonia, (Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickerdt), pangola (Digitaria decumbens Stent), jaraguá (Hyphrrhenia rufa (Ness) Stapf), gordura (Melinis minutiflora Pal de Beauv), colonião (Panicum maximum Jacq) e napier (Pennisetwn purpure um Schum) foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva completa contendo, 0,12; 0,48; 1,94; 7,75 e 31,00 mg de fósforo por litro, com o objetivo de determinar os níveis críticos internos e externos de fosforo, e avaliar a eficiência com que absorvem e utilizam o fósforo. Aos setenta e cinco dias as plantas foram coletadas, separadas em caules, folhas, bainhas e raízes. Após secagem a 80ºC, as amostras foram pesadas e analisadas para fósforo na matéria seca. Curvas representativas do peso da matéria seca e da concentração de fósforo na matéria seca em função dos níveis de fosforo da solução nutritiva foram obtidas a partir de dados calculados de equações de regressão. Verificou-se que: - As espécies diferiram quanto à necessidade externa de fósforo, sendo B. humidicola e H. rufa as menos exigentes. Seguiram-se em ordem crescente B. decumbens, M. minutiflora, P. maximum, P. purpureum e D. decumbens. - Os níveis críticos internos de fósforo variaram entre as espécies, sendo maior em D. decumbens (0,38%) que nas demais. Seguiram-se em ordem decrescente B. decumbens (0,32%), B. humidioola (0,26%), M. minutiflora (0,24%), P. maximum (o,24%) e P. purpureum (0,20%). - A eficiência de absorção e utilização, do fósforo foi maior para B. humidicola. Seguiram-se em ordem decrescente P. purpureum, P. maximum, D. decumbens , B. decumbens e M. minutiflora.

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COBALT IONS ON RAT OSSEOUS PLATE ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE

Polidocanol-solubilized osseous plate alkaline phosphatase was modulated by cobalt ions in a similar way as by magnesium ions. For concentrations up to 1 mu M, the Chelex-treated enzyme was stimulated by cobalt ions, showing K-d = 6.0 mu M, V = 977.5 U/mg, and site-site interactions (n = 2.5). Cobalt-enzyme was highly unstable at 37 degrees C, following a biphasic inactivation process with inactivation constants of about 0.0625 and 0.0015 min(-1). Cobalt ions stimulated the enzyme synergistically in the presence of magnesium ions (K-d = 5.0 mu M; V = 883.0 U/mg) or in the presence of zinc ions (K-d = 75.0 mu M; V = 1102 U/mg). A steady-state kinetic model for the modulation of enzyme activity by cobalt ions is proposed.

Fault analysis in four-wire distribution networks

The neutral wire in most existing power flow and fault analysis software is usually merged into phase wires using Kron's reduction method. In some applications, such as fault analysis, fault location, power quality studies, safety analysis, loss analysis etc., knowledge of the neutral wire and ground currents and voltages could be of particular interest. A general short-circuit analysis algorithm for three-phase four-wire distribution networks, based on the hybrid compensation method, is presented. In this novel use of the technique, the neutral wire and assumed ground conductor are explicitly represented. A generalised fault analysis method is applied to the distribution network for conditions with and without embedded generation. Results obtained from several case studies on medium- and low-voltage test networks with unbalanced loads, for isolated and multi-grounded neutral scenarios, are presented and discussed. Simulation results show the effects of neutrals and system grounding on the operation of the distribution feeders.

Effect of long-term treatment with insulin and/or acarbose on glomerular basement membrane thickening in alloxan-diabetic rats

Acarbose is a competitive inhibitor of the intestinal alpha-glycosidases, that can delay absorption of intestinal carbohydrates causing their malabsorption. In the present paper we studied the effects of insulin, acarbose and their association on glomerular basement membrane thickening in alloxan-diabetic rats. Twenty-five male and female Wistar rats, approximately 3 months old at the beginning of the experiment, were assigned randomly to each of five experimental groups: normal control rats, alloxan-diabetic control rats, alloxan-diabetic rats treated with acarbose, alloxan-diabetic rats treated with insulin, and alloxan-diabetic rats treated with insulin plus acarbose. Alloxan was administered in a single iv dose of 42 mg/kg body weight. Insulin was given subcutaneously at doses of 18 to 30 IU/kg corrected daily on the basis of glycosuria and ketonuria. Acarbose was given mixed with rat chow in a dose of 50 mg/100 g chow. Body weight, water and food intake and diuresis, as well as blood and urine glucose were determined after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment. Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening was determined by electron microscopy at the same times. Clear clinical and laboratory signs of severe diabetes, with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dl and urine glucose above 3000 mg/dl, were observed in all alloxan-diabetic control rats, in all periods of follow-up, whereas administration of insulin or acarbose reduced the blood glucose levels of treated groups. The most satisfactory control of blood and urine glucose was observed in animals treated with both insulin and acarbose. However, diarrhea was observed in diabetic rats treated with acarbose associated or not with insulin. GBM thickening was correlated with age in all groups. Beginning at six months after diabetes induction, the GBM of untreated diabetic rats was significantly thicker (mean +/- SEM, 4.446 +/- 0.45 mm) than that of normal rats (2.977 +/- 0.63 mm). Both insulin and acarbose prevented GBM thickening and their combination induced thickening similar to the age-dependent thickening observed for normal rats of the same age. We conclude that acarbose when combined with insulin may be a good option in the control of diabetes and its renal complications.

New layered double hydroxides intercalated with substituted pyrroles. 2. 3-(Pyrrol-1-yl)-propanoate and 7-(pyrrol-1-yl)-heptanoate LDHs

We report the synthesis and characterization of organic-inorganic hybrid materials: Zn-2-Al-LDHs (layered double hydroxides) containing 3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-propanoate and 7-(1H-pyrrol-l-yl)-heptanoate as the interlayer anions. The LDHs were synthesized by the co-precipitation method at constant pH followed by hydrothermal treatment for 72 h. The materials were characterized by PXRD, C-13 CP-MAS NMR, TGA, and ESR. The basal spacing found by PXRD technique is coincident with the formation of bilayers of the intercalated anions. The solid state C-13 NMR showed that the interlayered anions remain identical after intercalation. ESR data suggest that the monomers connect each other in a limited number of guests when a thermal treatment is applied. The inorganic LDH sheets delay the temperature of degradation of the monomers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

MULLER CELLS AND DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY

Muller cells provide nutrition for neural cells. We studied the structure and ultrastructure of Muller cells in the retina of thirty 3-month old Wistar rats; divided equally into 3 groups: normal rats, alloxan diabetic rats and treated alloxan diabetic rats. 1 and 12 months after induction of diabetes. We observed that the Muller cell nuclei under light microscope examination had hexagonal shape and higher density than the other nuclei. Differences between groups could be observed only by electron microscopy. In the diabetic rats, Muller cells presented dispersion of nuclear chromatin and electrondense nuclear granulations, with the presence of increased glycogen, dense bodies and lysosomes in the cytoplasm. The alterations were more frequent in the perivascular region and at 12 months. The treated diabetic rats exhibited some alterations we observed in diabetic rats. but these alterations were less intense. We conclude that, despite the treatment, the diabetic retinopathy continues to evolve.