Perfil logístico de Colombia

El presente documento ofrece un estudio del perfil logístico de Colombia con la finalidad de dar a conocer el estado de arte de las ciudades, puertos e infraestructura principal para facilitar la toma de decisiones de los empresarios. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se determinaron a partir de un análisis competitivo del país; las principales ciudades y puertos; logrando establecer un inventario de maquinaria y equipo e infraestructura logística; enmarcados en retos ya establecidos en las políticas públicas.

Estudio de caso: estrategias internacionales aplicadas a la empresa Astro Maquinaria Ltda.

En el estudio de caso se podrá encontrar información relacionada a la empresa ASTRO MAQUINARIA Ltda. la cual lleva más de 20 años en el mercado, generando soluciones a las necesidades de maquinaria y equipos, especialmente en el área de bombeo. Desde el principio la empresa ha estado importando desde Estados Unidos el portafolio de productos que ofrecen, actualmente tienen la representación comercial de la empresa Pentair Pump Group. Este estudio de caso pretende identificar cual es la estrategia de internacionalización empleada por la empresa, la toma de decisiones, la cadena de abastecimiento, relaciones comerciales, entre otras; las cuales han logrado la perdurabilidad y el crecimiento de la empresa desde su inicio. La metodología utilizada para el desarrollo de este estudio de caso se basara en variables cualitativas que permiten el análisis profundo y la indagación sobre el fenómeno, igualmente se utilizaran algunas variables cuantitativas para observar la situación actual de la empresa y el desempeño de la misma en el sector de comercialización de maquinaria pesada.

Diagnostic de securite d'une entreprise bresilienne a partir de l'analyse des accidents du travail par la methode de l'arbre des causes

We present here the results of a study of 21 work-related accidents that occurred in a Brazilian manufacturing company. The aim was to assess the safety level of the company to improve its work accident prevention policy. In the last 6 months of 1992 and 1993, all accidents resulting in 15 days' absence from work, reported for social security purposes, were analyzed using the INRS causal tree method (ADC) and a questionnaire completed on site. Potential risk factors for accidents were identified based on the specific factors highlighted by the ADC. More universal trees were also compiled for the safety assessment. Three hundred and thirty specific accident factors were recorded (man of 15.71 per accident). This is consistent with there being multiple causes of accidents rather than the assertion of Brazilian business safety departments that accidents are due to 'dangerous' or 'unsafe' behavior. Introducing the idea of culpability into accidents prevents the implementation of an appropriate information feedback process, essential for effective prevention. However, the large number of accidents related to 'material' (78%) and 'environment' (70%) indicates that working conditions are poor. This shows that the technical risks, mostly due to unsafe machinery and equipment are not being dealt with. Seventy-five potential accident factors were identified. Of these, 35% were 'organizational', a high proportion for the company studied. Improvisation occurs at all levels, particularly at the organizational level. This is, thus a major determinant for entire series of, if not most, accident situations. The poor condition of equipment also plays a major role in accidents. The effects of poor equipment on safety exacerbate the organizational shortcomings. The company's safety intervention policy should improve the management of human resources (rules designating particular workers for particular workstations; instructions for the safe operation of machines and equipment; training of operators, etc.) and introduce programs to detect risks and to improve the safety of machines and equipment. We also recommend the establishment of a program to follow the results of any preventive measures adopted.

Diagnostic de sécurité d’une entreprise brésilienne à partir de l’analyse des accidents du travail par la méthode de l’arbre des causes

We present here the results of a study of 21 work-related accidents that occurred in a Brazilian manufacturing company. The aim was to assess the safety level of the company to improve its work accident prevention policy. In the last 6 months of 1992 and 1993, all accidents resulting in 15 days' absence from work, reported for social security purposes, were analyzed using the INRS causal tree method (ADC) and a questionnaire completed on site. Potential risk factors for accidents were identified based on the specific factors highlighted by the ADC. More universal trees were also compiled for the safety assessment. Three hundred and thirty specific accident factors were recorded (mean of 15.71 per accident). This is consistent with there being multiple causes of accidents rather than the assertion of Brazilian business safety departments that accidents are due to dangerous or unsafe behavior. Introducing the idea of culpability into accidents prevents the implementation of an appropriate information feedback process, essential for effective prevention. However, the large number of accidents related to material (78%) and environment (70%) indicates that working conditions are poor. This shows that the technical risks, mostly due to unsafe machinery and equipment are not being dealt with. Seventy-five potential accident factors were identified. Of these, 35% were organizational, a high proportion for the company studied. Improvisation occurs at all levels, particularly at the organizational level. This is thus a major determinant for entire series of, if not most, accident situations. The poor condition of equipment also plays a major role in accidents. The effects of poor equipment on safety exacerbate the organizational shortcomings. The company's safety intervention policy should improve the management of human resources (rules designating particular workers for particular workstations; instructions for the safe operation of machines and equipment; training of operators, etc.) and introduce programs to detect risks and to improve the safety of machines and equipment. We also recommend the establishment of a program to follow the results of any preventive measures adopted.

Istmo Centroamericano: evolución del sector manufacturero durante 2003 y 2004

Incluye Bibliografía

Produtividade e compactação do solo em diferentes ciclos anuais da cultura de cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Manutenção planejada para a redução de falhas e defeitos que ocorrem em equipamentos de uma empresa do setor de energia elétrica

A preocupação com as rotinas de manutenção normalmente está relacionada à falha de um processo ou equipamento (manutenção corretiva). O controle sistemático da manutenção e operação dos ativos é considerado um alto ponto de redução de custos e aumento da disponibilidade operacional para o planejamento estratégico. Como resultado, tem-se na área de manutenção, uma grande quantidade de métodos, software, modelos e ferramentas de gestão disponíveis. Dentre eles, dois métodos se destacam: o RCM (Reliability Centered Maintenance ou Manutenção Centrada em Confiabilidade), de origem norte-americana, e o TPM (Total Productive Maintenance ou Manutenção Produtiva Total), de origem japonesa. Desta forma, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é estudar a sistemática do planejamento estratégico e da manutenção planejada para a redução de falhas e defeitos que ocorrem em equipamentos, a partir das metodologias propostas pelos principais autores da área de planejamento estratégico e manutenção, com o intuito de propor melhorias na utilização desta ferramenta. Com base no referencial teórico (Amendola, Berndt, Coimbra, Certo, Copser, Nakajima, Mendes, Moreira, Moubray, Oliveira, Kaplan entre outros) estudado, foi possível iniciar a compreensão do planejamento da gestão da manutenção planejada da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí e suas práticas de desempenho em relação às práticas de referência e dos principais indicadores estratégicos destacados por esses autores. Esta pesquisa possibilitou avaliar que o atual procedimento adotado em Tucuruí está alinhado com todos os pensadores estudados, bastando apenas à melhor disseminação de todos os conceitos entre todos os níveis hieraquicos de planejamento e execução.

Intervenção ergonômica e o uso da simulação computacional na concepção de produtos: o design de uma plantadora mecanizada de mandioca

Pós-graduação em Design - FAAC

Um estudo sobre a preparação metalográfica da liga de aluminio AA7075-T6

The increasing technological innovation and demand for materials with better properties boosts research into new materials and new alloys. To do so, aluminum alloys are being developed, among them the AA7075-T6, having many applications in aerospace and military industries, machinery and equipment, molds for plastic injection and structures. To study and understand the properties, characteristics and especially the microstructure of the material, the metallographic preparation is essential. This paper presents new methodologies to achieve the metallography of samples of scrap alloy AA7075-T6, with emphasis on methods of polishing. For the five samples, the best results were those with specific grinding, the samples only going down on the sander. For polishing, the most effective method so far has been using the polishing cloth 16.3, of ATM enterprise, solution of diamond 3 μm, solution of diamond 1 μm, and colloidal solution of OP-S. For the etching, the reactive agent used was phosphoric acid (H3PO4) 85% P.A., as 90% in the proportion of distilled water to 10% acid. The best results were obtained in the attacks of 300 and 240 seconds, revealing the grain boundaries in most areas. Methodologies need more studies and more tests, but the results have proved to be satisfactory

Melhoria de processos de serviços prestados em assistência técnica

Currently the service sectors have an increasingly important role in the productive sector because they can represent a great advantage to the consumer. In this graduate work a study was conducted with the objective of process improveme nt services in the sector of technical assistance in a factory machinery and equipment. Through process mapping, through the technical blueprint, and time study were able to identify opportunities for improvement for reducing the time customer service, as well as the proposed performance indicators for the service

Consumo de combustível de um trator agrícola no preparo do solo para a cultura do algodão irrigado em função da pressão de inflação nos pneus

Currently, the efficiency in field operations and the increased productivity of crops is only possible with the use of agricultural machinery and equipment. This intensification of mechanized activities in agriculture, however, led to higher energy costs on farms mainly in the fuel consumption of agricultural tractors. The objective was to compare the fuel consumption of a tractor on tillage operations for irrigated cotton in semi-arid region varying two tire inflation pressures. The tests were conducted in Maricopa Agricultural Center (MAC), an experimental farm belonging to The University of Arizona using a 4x2 TDA Case tractor equipped with a 88kw autopilot system. The results showed lower values in the hourly fuel consumption by using the minimum tire inflation pressure of 124 kPa for all tillage equipment used.

Um Modelo para Análise do Balanço e Eficiência Energética na Logística de Transporte Dutoviário para Exportação do Etanol.

This paper analyzed the energy flow of a route currently designed to transport ethanol from the Midwest region of Brazil for exportation, more precisely from the city of Aparecida do Taboado (MS) to the port of São Sebastiao (SP). The route studied a single modal combined into two pieces, duct - duct. The direct and indirect energy, involved in the operations were used to account for the inputs and outputs of energy from and into the system. The energy input and output were the variables, diesel fuel, lubricants, greases, indirect energy consumption of machinery and equipment, power consumption of labor, the energy consumption and energy consumption in depreciation and maintenance of roads. We found that this route has specific energy consumption of 0,14 MJ km-1 m-3 . The Net Energy Gain (GEl), the Energy Efficiency global (EEg) and Renewable Energy Balance (BEr), which were the energy indicators adopted in this study were obtained respectively: 1.585.958.977,00 MJ; 200,72 and 1.593.900.000,00MJ.

EC94-852 Cash Flow Planning Form

This extension circular covers the following areas of a cash flow planning form: Beginning Cash Balance, Operating Sales (crop and hay, market livestock, livestock product, custom work); Capital Sales (breeding livestock, machinery and equipment); Personal Income (wages, interest); Operating Expenses (car/truck, chemicals, conservation, custom hire, feed purchased, fertilizers and lime, freight and trucking, gasoline, fuel and oil, insurance, labor hired, rents and leases, repairs and maintenance, seeds and plants, storage, warehousing, supplies, taxes, utilities, veterinary, breeding fees and medicine, feeder livestock); Capital Purchases (breeding livestock, machinery and equipment, family living withdrawals, personal investments, income and social security, term loan payments); Net Cash Available (operating loan borrowings, operating loan payments); and Ending Operating Loan Balance. Along with the Cash Flow Planning Form is a Projected Income Statement Form which covers Projected Business Income (operating sales, breeding livestock, estimated cash income adjustments, estimated gross revenues, estimated value of production); Project Business Expenses (cash operating, esimated operating, prepaid and supplies, cash investment in growing crops, accounts payable); Projected Net Income Summary (estimated net income from operations, estimated net business income, estimated net income after taxes, estimated earned net worth change); and a Physical Inventory Flows Worksheet.

Origens dos empresários da indústria de máquinas e equipamentos em São Paulo, 1870-1900

O objetivo específico deste artigo é identificar as origens dos empresários, como nacionalidade e gênese do capital para o início da atividade, na indústria de máquinas e equipamentos em São Paulo, e a evolução do setor no período de 1870 a 1900. Tentamos identificar os empreendimentos na indústria e sua relação com o comércio importador e exportador, com os fazendeiros de produtos para exportação (principalmente o café), com os imigrantes comerciantes e com os que possuíam algum conhecimento técnico.

Simulation Results on the Impact of Changes in the Main EU Policy Tools on Farm Investment Behaviour. Factor Markets Working Document No. 56, June 2013

This paper completes the comparative analysis of the investment demand behaviour, of a sample of specialised arable crop farms, for farm buildings and machinery and equipment, as a function of the different types and levels of Common Agricultural Policy support, in selected European Union Member States. This contribution focuses on their quantitative interdependence calculating the relevant elasticity measures. In turn, they constitute the methodological tool to simulate the percentage expected change in average net investment levels associated to the implementation of the, recently proposed and currently under discussion, reductions in the Pillar I Direct Payments disbursed under the Common Agricultural Policy. Evidence suggests a statistically significant elastic and inelastic relationship between both types of subsidies and the investment levels for both asset classes in Germany and Italy, respectively. An elastic dependence of investment in farm buildings on decoupled subsidies exists in Hungary while changes in the level of coupled payments appear to translate into less than proportional changes in the demand for both farm buildings and machinery and equipment in France. Coupled payments appear to influence the UK demand for both asset classes in an elastic manner while decoupled support seems to induce a similar effect on investment in machinery and equipment. Since the currently discussed Common Agricultural Policy reform options imply, almost exclusively, a reduction in the level of support granted through Direct Payments, simulated effects were expected to reveal a worsening of the farm investment prospects for both asset types (i.e., a larger negative investment or a smaller positive one). The actual evidence largely respects this expectation with the sole exception of investment in machinery and equipment in France and Italy reaching smaller negative or larger positive levels irrespectively of the magnitude of the implemented cuts in Direct Payments.