992 resultados para 655
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The static and impact fracture toughness of phenolphthalein polyether ketone (PEK-C) were studied at different temperatures. The static fracture toughness of PEK-C was evaluated via the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and the J-integral analysis. Impact fracture toughness was also analyzed using the LEFM approach. Temperature and strain rate effects on the fracture toughness were also studied. The enhancement in static fracture toughness at 70 degrees C was thought to be caused by plastic crack tip blunting. The increase in impact fracture toughness with temperature was attributed two different mechanisms, namely, the relaxation process in a relatively low temperature and thermal blunting of the crack tip at higher temperature. The temperature-dependent fracture toughness data obtained in static tests could be horizontally shifted to match roughly the data for impact tests, indicating the existence of a time-temperature equivalence relationship. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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The solution behavior of four chitosans (91% deacetylated chitin) with different molecular weights in 0.2M CH3COOH/0.1M CH3COONa aqueous solution was investigated at 25 degrees C by dynamic laser light scattering (LLS). The Laplace inversion of the precisely measured intensity-intensity time correlation function leads us to an estimate of the line-width distribution G(Gamma), which could be further reduced to a translational diffusion coefficient distribution G(D). By using a combination of static and dynamic LLS results, i.e. Mw and G(D), we were able to establish a calibration of D = k(D)M(-alpha D) with k(D) = (3.14 +/- 0.20) X 10(-4) and alpha(D) = 0.655 +/- 0.015. By using this calibration, we successfully converted G(D) into a molecular weight distribution f(w)(M). The larger alpha(D) value confirms that the chitosan chain is slightly extended in aqueous solution even in the presence of salts. This is mainly due to its backbone and polyelectrolytes nature. As a very sensitive technique, our dynamic LLS results also revealed that even in dilute solution chitosan still forms a small amount of larger sized aggregates that have ben overlooked in previous studies. The calibration obtained in this study will provide another way to characterize the molecular weight distribution of chitosan in aqueous solution at room temperature. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has never been reported to form a network structure when subjected to high energy radiation. Results obtained in this work indicates that when irradiation is performed under 330-340-degrees-C in vacuo PTFE can be crosslinked
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本文利用两相滴定法作为分析手段,用恒界面池搅拌法考察了多种因素对2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯(HEHEHP,HA)从盐酸介质中萃取Nd(Ⅲ)动力学的影响,从实验结果推论出萃取过程为界面化学反应控制型机理。
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Influence of ester group size in polymethacrylates (PMAs) , including PMMA, PEMA and PBMA, on beta phase crystallization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) in highly oriented films of PVF2/PMAs=80/20 blends has been investigated by FTIR and TEM. The melt-drawn films of pure PVF2 consist of highly oriented lamellae, in which the alpha phase is predominant. Adding a given amount of PMAs (20 wt%) into PVF2 results in formation of fibrillar crystals and increase of relative amount of the beta phase. The influence extent is in order of PMMA > PEMA > PBMA, regarding the ester group size in the PMAs.
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根据X-射线散射强度理论,使用图解多重峰方法对尼龙1010三个结晶峰及非晶峰的衍射强度进行校正,首次导出了尼龙1010结晶度计算公式,所得结果与密度及量热测定结果具有很好可比性。
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用WAXD方法测定了Nylon-1010为三斜晶系结晶结构;α=4.9(?),b=5.4(?),c=27.8(?),α=49°,β=77°,γ=63.5°,每个聚合物单胞含有一个重复单元,空间群为P(?)。模压试样用Ruland方法分析结晶度为60%。以上。电子密度相关函数法分析了SAXS现象,求得了Nylon-1010结晶片层厚度、过渡层厚度、长周期、比内表面及电子密度差。
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GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein), also known as BiP (immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein), is an essential regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis because of its multiple functions in protein folding, ER calcium binding, and controlling of the activation of transmembrane ER stress sensors. In this report, we cloned the full length cDNA of GRP78 (FcGRP78) from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. This cDNA revealed a 2,325 bp with 1,968 bp open reading frame encoding 655 amino acids. This is the first reported GRP78 gene in Crustacea. The deduced amino acid sequence of FcGRP78 shared high identity with previously reported insect GRP78s: 86, 87 and 85% identity with GRP78s of Drosophila melanogaster, Aedes aegypti and Bombyx mori, respectively. Northern blot analysis shows that FcGRP78 is ubiquitously expressed in tissues of shrimp. Heat shock at 35A degrees C significantly enhanced the expression of FcGRP78 at the first hour, reached the maximum at 4 h post heat shock, dropped after that and resumed to the normal level until 48 h of post recovery at 25A degrees C. Additionally, differential expression of FcGRP78 was detected in haemocytes, hepatopancreas and lymphoid organ when shrimp were challenged by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). We inferred that FcGRP78 may play important roles in chaperoning, protein folding and immune function of shrimp.
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Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), a key signaling adaptor molecule common to the TNFR superfamily and IL-IR/TLR family, is important not only for a diverse array of physiological processes functions of the TNFR superfamily, but also is involved in adaptive immunity and innate immunity. In this report, the first bivalve TRAF6 (named as CfTRAF6) gene is identified and characterized from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri. The full-length cDNA of CfTRAF6 is of 2510 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 337 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 208 bp with a canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 655 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence of CfTRAF6 comprises characteristic motifs of the TRAF proteins, including a Zinc finger of RING-type, two Zinc fingers of TRAF-type, a coiled-coil region, and a MATH (the meprin and TRAF homology) domain. The overall amino acid sequence identity between CfTRAF6 and other TRAF6s is 28-68%. Phylogenetic analyses of CfTRAF6 sequence with TRAF sequences from other organisms indicate that CfTRAF6 is a true TRAF6 orthologue. The mRNA expression of CfTRAF6 in various tissues is measured by Real-time RT-PCR. The mRNA transcripts are constitutively expressed in tissues of haemocyte, muscle, mantle, heart, gonad and gill, but the highest expression is observed in the gonad. The temporal expressions of CfTRAF6 mRNA in the mixed primary cultured haemocytes are recorded after treatment with 20 mu g mL(-1) and 0.5 mu g mL(-1) peptido-glycan (PGN). The expression level of CfTRAF mRNA is down-regulated from 1.5 h to 3 h after the treatment with 0.5 mu g mL(-1) PGN, and then recovers to the original level. While the expression of CfTRAF6 is obviously decreased after treatment with 20 mu g mL(-1) PGN, and reach the lowest point (only about 1/9 times to control) at 3 h. The result Suggests that CfTRAF6 can be greatly regulated by PGN and it may be involved in signal transduction and immune response of scallop. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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A new member of antimicrobial peptide genes of the penaeidin family, Ch-penaeidin, has been cloned from the haemocytes of Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA end (3'-RACE) and smart cDNA methods. The Ch-penaeidin cDNA was 655 bp and the open reading frame of the cDNA encoded a 71 amino acid peptide. Ch-penaeidin contained a putative NH2-terminal signal Sequence (1-19) followed by a mature peptide (20-71). The sequence identify with other penaeidins from Litopenaeus vannamei and Litopenaeus setiferus is between 48% and 71%. The signal sequence of Ch-penaeidin is almost completely identical to that of other penaeidins, while differing relatively in the N-terminal domain of the mature peptide. Ch-penaeidin was designated as a novel member of class penaeidin 3 according to phylogenetic analysis. The Mature peptide. with a predicted molecular weight of 5589.32 Da, and a pI of 9.77, has eight positively charged amino acids and no negatively charged amino acids. The expression and distribution of Ch-penaeidin in Unchallenged shrimps were studied by RT-PCR, Northern blot and in situ hybridisation. The results showed that the Ch-penaeidin transcripts were detected in haemocytes (granular haemocytes), heart, gill, intestine, and subcuticular epithelia of the shrimp. and that Ch-penaeidin was constitutively expressed mainly in haemocytes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Process conditions for cell cultures derived from conchocelis of female red macroalga Porphyra haitanensis were optimized in an illuminated 0.3-l bubble-column photobioreactor, using CO2 in air as the sole carbon source during a 20-day cultivation period. It reached the highest growth rate when the initial cell density was 700 mg l(-1)(dry weight), the optional aeration rate was 1.2 v/v/min, inorganic nitrate concentration was 15 mM and inorganic phosphate concentration was 0.6 mM. This is the first reported bioreactor cultivation study of cell cultures derived from conchocelis of Porphyra haitanensis.
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Helium, neon and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions have been measured in massive sulfide samples from the Jade hydrothermal field in the central Okinawa Trough. Fluid-inclusion He-3/He-4 ratios are between 6.2 and 10.1 times the air value (Ra), and with a mean of 7.8Ra, which are consistent with the mid-ocean ridge basalt values [He-3/He-4 approximate to (6Rasimilar to 11Ra)]. Values for Ne-20/Ne-22 are from 10.7 to 11.3, which are significantly higher than the atmospheric ratio (9.8). And the fluid-inclusion Ar-40/Ar-36 ratios range from 287 to 334, which are close to the atmosperic values (295.5). These results indicate that the noble gases of trapped hydrothermal fluids in massive sulfides are a mixture of mantle- and seawater-derived components, and the helium of fluid inclusions is mainly from mantle, the nelium and argon isotope compositions are mainly from seawater.
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热休克蛋白70是热休克蛋白家族中最重要的一类家族成员,它具有“分子伴侣”、细胞保护、抗凋亡以及肿瘤免疫治疗等独特复杂的生物学功能,它的研究已成为生命科学领域研究的热点之一。采用RACE方法从皱纹盘鲍中克隆到一种HSP70基因的全长cDNA序列,该序列与其它物种的HSP70基因高度同源。克隆得到的皱纹盘鲍HSP70基因的全长cDNA序列为2631bp,开放阅读框为1968bp,另外其5'-和3'-非翻译区长度分别是90和573bp,其中3'-非翻译区具有AATAAA mRNA加尾信号及PolyA寡聚腺苷酸。开放阅读框编码655个氨基酸,包含N端包含的382个氨基酸的ATP酶结合域(约45kDa)、由161个氨基酸编码的底物肽结合结构域(18kDa)及112个氨基酸编码的C端结构域(10kDa)。构建了含有皱纹盘鲍HSP70的表达载体,以期得到体外表达的重组热激蛋白70,为制备抗体,通过Western blot杂交或酶联免疫等方法检测HSPs蛋白表达情况作准备。 为了研究皱纹盘鲍HSP70的转录表达,采用半定量RT-PCR方法,对HSP70不同组织及热休克、鳗弧菌感染下的转录表达情况分析。试验结果表明,采用热应激及鳗弧菌处理皱纹盘鲍,均能导致皱纹盘鲍肌肉中HSP70 mRNA转录水平明显增加,并在处理后96 h恢复至正常水平;与肌肉组织不同的是,鳃组织在温度及鳗弧菌处理后12 h后达到最高值,并一直维持相对较高的表达水平。在温度和鳗弧菌处理下,皱纹盘鲍HSP70上调表达表明HSP70的响应没有胁迫特异性,可能参与了皱纹盘鲍的免疫反应。 以皱纹盘鲍近交和杂交群体为材料,研究了不同群体的生长速率和HSP70的表达量的差异。试验结果表明,在较低的处理温度下,皱纹盘鲍近交群体HSP70的表达量高于杂交群体,随着处理温度的升高,在接近致死温度时,杂交群体的HSP70表达量要高于近交群体;不同群体达到最大HSP70表达量时的温度(Tpeak)也不同,近交群体的Tpeak为26C,低于杂交群体(28C);近交群体的最大HSP70表达量高于杂交群体。以上试验结果表明杂交群体的HSP70的表达变化幅度较近交群体的变化幅度小,具有更宽的温度适应性。可能提供了关于杂交能够缓解皱纹盘鲍内在遗传压力的证据。 用荧光定量PCR方法分析不同壳色皱纹盘鲍在热激胁迫下不同恢复时间和南方与北方越冬的皱纹盘鲍在不同程度温度胁迫下的HSP70变化。在南方与北方越冬的皱纹盘鲍由于其越冬环境的温度明显不同,表现出明显的热响应差异。具体表现如下几个方面:首先,两个群体在非胁迫的正常条件下,其HSP70的初始表达量明显不同。南方越冬群体在其正常生长温度下(16C)的表达量高于北方群体的相应的表达量(12C);其次,随着热激温度的增高,两个群体HSP70的表达量升高的幅度也不同。第三,两个群体HSP70表达量达到最高值后,随着温度的升高,表达量开始下降,但两个群体的表达量下降幅度也有所不同。结果表明在南方的适用后,体内可能聚集了较多的热休克蛋白,可能更有利于渡过北方的高温季节。