加载历史对低刚度下P-选择素-PSGL-1键寿命的影响

<正>选择素(Selectin)与配体相互作用在诸如炎症反应、肿瘤转移等生物学过程中具有重要作用。许多研究表明,在炎症反应的初期,白细胞在激活的内皮细胞表面发生的滚动过程是由选择素及其碳水化合物配体(如P-选择素糖蛋白配体1,PSGL-1)之间的快速反应行为所介导的。细胞间受体-配体相互作用是一种受外力调控的随机动力学过程,其作用的快慢、强弱和寿命不仅取决于受体、配体分子的结构和固有的化学动力学性质(如化学反应率、反应亲和性等),而且还受到力学-化学耦合的共同调控。到目前为止,由于受体-

兰州重离子加速器深层治癌扫描电源研究与设计

阐述了用于兰州重离子深层治癌装置的扫描电源的技术指标和工作原理,为保证该电源输出电流的精度,采用滞环控制策略,将跟踪误差限制在设计要求的误差范围内。研制了1台扫描电源样机,并给出了电路仿真和测试结果。测试结果显示各项指标均达到了设计要求,表明所选电路结构和滞环控制方案是切实可行的。

黄土高原典型小流域综合治理的水文生态效应(英文)

从流域产流规律及水土保持措施改变引起的土壤水分状况和流域蒸散发的变化等方面评价了黄土丘陵沟壑区泉家沟流域水土保持措施变化对流域水分生态环境的影响。结果表明:水土保持与生态建设过程改变了土地利用结构,对小流域水环境变迁具有很大的影响作用,主要表现在:减少地表径流量,径流模数1996～2000年平均较1980～1985年减少了36.1%;不同治理措施土壤水分状况不同,灌木林地、人工草地和乔木林地均存在深度和厚度不等的土壤"干层";不同地貌部位土壤储水差异很大,阴坡的水分环境优于阳坡,沟底优于峁顶,缓坡优于陡坡;林草措施对流域总蒸散量起着决定性作用,1991～1995年流域林草地面积达到最大,总蒸散量也达到最大,与治理初期相比,总蒸散量累计增加了56.3mm。

乌头碱的代谢产物去氧乌头碱的生物转化及其电喷雾串联质谱

采用人肠内细菌和乌头碱体外温孵的方法,探讨去氧乌头碱在人肠内的生物转化.利用离子阱和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱直接分析去氧乌头碱的转化产物.乌头类生物碱及其代谢产物在正离子电喷雾质谱条件下形成质子化分子([M+H]+),通过多级串联质谱进行结构表征.去氧乌头碱可被人肠内细菌转化,通过脱酰基、脱甲基脱羟基以及酯化反应产生新型的单酯型、双酯型和脂类生物碱等10余种代谢产物.双酯型的去氧乌头碱的毒性较高,当它被肠内细菌转化为单酯型和脂类生物碱时会使其毒性降低.

甲基丙烯酸三苯甲酯不对称聚合过程中的立体化学

甲基丙烯酸三苯甲酯(TrMA)在不对称聚合中,当有手性配体鹰爪豆碱((—)-S_p)存在时,可形成具有单手螺旋链构象的旋光性聚合物。Vogt用TrMA的活性二聚体作引发剂,聚合TrMA,结果表明,右手螺旋链的聚甲基丙烯酸三苯甲酯(PTrMA)的主链上各不对称碳原子均为S型,而Okamoto借助色谱拆分PTrMA低聚物的方法得出了相反的结果,至于手性配体决定螺旋方向的原因则未见报道。本文从单体构象,配体(—)-S_p的构象及PTrMA活性端的烯醇式构型,研究了TrMA在不对称聚合过程中的立体化学。

微生物与重金属的相互作用机理研究进展

微生物在自然界内种类繁多,并在重金属元素的生物地球化学循环中扮演着重要的角色。近年来,细菌与真菌对重金属的富集、转化作用成为此领域内的研究焦点。研究结果表明,细菌对重金属的富集、转化作用主要是通过胞壁吸附、氧化还原、细菌淋滤及与其它生物协同作用而进行的;真菌则主要是通过表面吸附与重金属硫蛋白的络合作用来富集环境中的重金属。文章对这些研究进展进行了综述,同时还介绍了菌根真菌在重金属的植物修复中所起的重要作用。

A feminist trade union agenda? The continued significance of class, gender and race.

During the 1990s attempts to identify a feminist trade union agenda have focused on both the content and process of such a potential agenda. In a period in which trade unions have changed significantly, the general national agenda appears to be changing, acknowledging issues of importance to women. UNISON, Britain's largest trade union, has enshrined proportionality and fair representation in its constitution, developing national initiatives aimed at improving opportunities in work and in the union for women, black workers, manual workers, disabled workers, etc. who traditionally have been less well represented. Many issues affecting women generally have moved to centre stage, yet issues affecting women ancillary workers seem as excluded as ever. Through a study of cleaners in the National Health Service this article argues that workplace interests reflect wider social divisions, but in a variety of patterns depending on the social organization of work. Despite thewidening trade union agenda, particular interests — more specifically the workplace interests of working-class women and black women — continue to be neglected.

Does Binocular Rivalry Emerge from Cortical Mechanisms of 3D Vision

Under natural viewing conditions, a single depthful percept of the world is consciously seen. When dissimilar images are presented to corresponding regions of the two eyes, binocular rivalry may occur, during which the brain consciously perceives alternating percepts through time. Perceptual bistability can also occur in response to a single ambiguous figure. These percepts raise basic questions: What brain mechanisms generate a single depthful percept of the world? How do the same mechanisms cause perceptual bistability, notably binocular rivalry? What properties of brain representations correspond to consciously seen percepts? How do the dynamics of the layered circuits of visual cortex generate single and bistable percepts? A laminar cortical model of how cortical areas V1, V2, and V4 generate depthful percepts is developed to explain and quantitatively simulate binocular rivalry data. The model proposes how mechanisms of cortical development, perceptual grouping, and figure-ground perception lead to single and rivalrous percepts.

Formation and characterisation of ordered porous vanadium oxide inverse opal materials for Li-ion batteries

This thesis presents several routes towards achieving artificial opal templates by colloidal self-assembly of polystyrene (PS) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spheres and the use of these template for the fabrication of V2O5 inverse opals as cathode materials for lithium ion battery applications. First, through the manipulation of different experimental factors, several methods of affecting or directing opal growth towards realizing different structures, improving order and/or achieving faster formation on a variety of substrates are presented. The addition of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) at a concentration above the critical micelle concentration for SDS to a 5 wt% solution of PMMA spheres before dip-coating is presented as a method of achieving ordered 2D PhC monolayers on hydrophobic Au-coated silicon substrates at fast and slow rates of withdrawal. The effect that the degree of hydrophilicity of glass substrates has on the ordering of PMMA spheres is next investigated for a slow rate of withdrawal under noise agitation. Heating of the colloidal solution is also presented as a means of affecting order and thickness of opal deposits formed using fast rate dip coating. E-beam patterned substrates are shown as a means of altering the thermodynamically favoured FCC ordering of polystyrene spheres (PS) when dip coated at slow rate. Facile routes toward the synthesis of ordered V2O5 inverse opals are presented with direct infiltration of polymer sphere templates using liquid precursor. The use of different opal templates, both 2D and 3D partially ordered templates, is compared and the composition and arrangement of the subsequent IO structures post infiltration and calcination for various procedures is characterised. V2O5 IOs are also synthesised by electrodeposition from an aqueous VOSO4 solution at constant voltage. Electrochemical characterisation of these structures as cathode material for Li-ion batteries is assessed in a half cell arrangement for samples deposited on stainless steel foil substrates. Improved rate capabilities are demonstrated for these materials over bulk V2O5, with the improvement attributed to the shorter Li ion diffusion distances and increased electrolyte infiltration provided by the IO structure.

Rapid complete response of metastatic melanoma in a patient undergoing ipilimumab immunotherapy in the setting of active ulcerative colitis.

While blockade of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) T cell regulatory receptor has become a commonly utilized strategy in the management of advanced melanoma, many questions remain regarding the use of this agent in patient populations with autoimmune disease. We present a case involving the treatment of a patient with stage IV melanoma and ulcerative colitis (UC) with anti-CTLA-4 antibody immunotherapy. Upon initial treatment, the patient developed grade III colitis requiring tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) blocking antibody therapy, however re-treatment with anti-CTLA-4 antibody following a total colectomy resulted in a rapid complete response accompanied by the development of a tracheobronchitis, a previously described extra-intestinal manifestation of UC. This case contributes to the evolving literature on the use of checkpoint inhibitors in patients also suffering from autoimmune disease, supports future clinical trials investigating the use of these agents in patients with autoimmune diseases, and suggests that an understanding of the specific molecular pathways involved in a patient's autoimmune pathology may provide insight into the development of more effective novel combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies.

Activity in descending dopaminergic neurons represents but is not required for leg movements in the fruit fly Drosophila.

Modulatory descending neurons (DNs) that link the brain to body motor circuits, including dopaminergic DNs (DA-DNs), are thought to contribute to the flexible control of behavior. Dopamine elicits locomotor-like outputs and influences neuronal excitability in isolated body motor circuits over tens of seconds to minutes, but it remains unknown how and over what time scale DA-DN activity relates to movement in behaving animals. To address this question, we identified DA-DNs in the Drosophila brain and developed an electrophysiological preparation to record and manipulate the activity of these cells during behavior. We find that DA-DN spike rates are rapidly modulated during a subset of leg movements and scale with the total speed of ongoing leg movements, whether occurring spontaneously or in response to stimuli. However, activating DA-DNs does not elicit leg movements in intact flies, nor do acute bidirectional manipulations of DA-DN activity affect the probability or speed of leg movements over a time scale of seconds to minutes. Our findings indicate that in the context of intact descending control, changes in DA-DN activity are not sufficient to influence ongoing leg movements and open the door to studies investigating how these cells interact with other descending and local neuromodulatory inputs to influence body motor output.