965 resultados para 1776-1860


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La tesis estudia el proceso de construcción del arte como noción moderna en el Ecuador aproximadamente entre 1850 y 1925. Este proceso consistió en el desarrollo inicial de formas modernas de teorización, instituciones de estímulo, de formación, de valoración y de legitimación del arte, así como de la producción artística misma. El argumento central de la tesis es que fue un proyecto que siguió la lógica de la modernidad, que se erigió a costa de excluir o minimizar a otras nociones y prácticas artísticas, como la producción de las minorías, y, con ello, conservó patrones de colonización del conocimiento. Se parte de entender el arte como una construcción social que, sin embargo, como otras disciplinas y formas de conocimiento nacidas en la modernidad, fue imaginada como un universal abstracto. El análisis del tema desde las geopolíticas del conocimiento muestra que la universalización de la noción de arte ocultó su lugar de enunciación y la convirtió en la única legítima, desplazando a un lugar de subalternidad a otras nociones y a otras prácticas artísticas. Ello demuestra que el proyecto moderno era también colonial, pues funcionó a través de dualidades, oposiciones, inclusiones y exclusiones. En la tesis se conecta este proyecto de modernidad/colonialidad del arte con los procesos de construcción del Ecuador como un Estado-nación moderno que busca incorporarse al proyecto civilizatorio, progresista y modernizador con el fin de legitimarse en el escenario mundial. Así, tanto el encumbramiento del arte como institución moderna, como las imágenes que se produjeron, representaron las metas y contradicciones de este proyecto. En forma la pintura de comienzos del siglo XX era moderna, en tema representaba la población indígena como su opuesto: fija en el tiempo y en el espacio, neutralizada simbólicamente como actor social en la sociedad moderna.

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The necessity of the insertion of the capital of Rio Grande do Norte in the world-wide commercial scene and its claim as the seat of political power, in ends of nineteenth and beginning of twentieth century, determined the direction of urban interventions undertaken by government to restructure the city. In that matter, there were several actions of improvements and embellishment in Natal, which had, as a starting point, the adequacy works of the port, located in the Ribeira quarter, with the aim of ending the physical isolation that reinforced its economic stagnation. Besides the problems faced in the opening bar of the Potengi River, and would complement the required improvements, other barriers demonstrate the tension established between the physic-geographic field and the man: the flooded and slope which connected Cidade Alta and Ribeira the first two quarters of the city.The execution of these works demanded knowledge whose domain and application it was for engineering. But, how the actions done for the engineers, in sense to transform natural areas into constructed spaces made possible the intentional conformation of the quarter of the Ribeira in a commercial and politician-administrative center, in the middle of the XIX century and beginning of the XX? Understand, therefore, the employment effects of technology on the physical-geographical Ribeira, is the objective of this work that uses theoretical and methodological procedures of Urban Environmental History, by analyzing the relationship between the environment and the man, mediated by knowledge and use of technologies. The documental research was used, as primary sources, the Messages of the Provincial Assembly Government that later became the Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Norte reports and articles on specialized publications, in addition to local newspapers. The work is structured in five chapters. First, some comments about Urban Environmental History (Chapter 1) supplemented with analysis of the conceptual construction of nature in the Contemporary Era and its application in the city (chapter 02), the following chapters (03 and 04) deal with the rise of engineers as a active group in the Brazilian government frameworks and their vision about the nature inside the urban environment and it is studied how the professional technicians dealt with the improvement work of the harbor and in the shock with the natural forces. Other works that would complement this "project" of modernization and had had natural obstacles to be removed the Ribeira flood and slope constitute the subject of the fifth chapter. Finally, some final considerations retake the initial discussions aiming an association between the technique and the nature as junction elements inside the process of constitution of a Modern Natal

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas no desenvolvimento ninfal de Myzus persicae sobre folhas de berinjela (Solanum melongena). O experimento foi desenvolvido em câmaras climatizadas, sob condições controladas de temperatura de 15, 20, 25 e 30 ± 1 ºC, umidade relativa do ar de 70% ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas. A biologia de M. persicae foi acompanhada sobre discos foliares de berinjela (3 cm de diâmetro) mantidos em placas de Petri contendo solução ágar-água a 1% geleificada. Foram estimadas as curvas mais ajustadas à duração dos estádios ninfais de M. persicae, suas equações de regressão e os respectivos coeficientes de determinação (R²). O número de estádios ninfais foi afetado pela temperatura; a 15 e 20 ºC, respectivamente, em 30,4% e 4,2% das ninfas observou-se um estádio adicional. Afídeos mantidos a 30 ºC apresentaram a menor viabilidade na fase ninfal (8%). A duração da fase ninfal foi de 9,4; 7,6; 5,9 e 7,0 dias, respectivamente, a 15, 20, 25 e 30 ºC. As temperaturas de 15 e 20 ºC foram as mais favoráveis para o desenvolvimento ninfal de M. persicae sobre discos de folha de berinjela.

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The present study seeks to present a historico-epistemological analysis of the development of the mathematical concept of negative number. In order to do so, we analyzed the different forms and conditions of the construction of mathematical knowledge in different mathematical communities and, thus, identified the characteristics in the establishment of this concept. By understanding the historically constructed barriers, especially, the ones having ontologicas significant, that made the concept of negative number incompatible with that of natural number, thereby hindering the development of the concept of negative, we were able to sketch the reasons for the rejection of negative numbers by the English author Peter Barlow (1776 -1862) in his An Elementary Investigation of the Theory of Numbers, published in 1811. We also show the continuity of his difficulties with the treatment of negative numbers in the middle of the nineteenth century

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Este artigo analisa a atuação do clero no sentido de normalizar o comportamento das pessoas por meio da celebração do matrimônio na cidade de Goiás, no período de 1860 a 1920, sendo que as normas católicas tinham por objetivo implantar um catolicismo ultramontano tridentino. Assim, o clero ultramontano procurava moralizar a vida privada do fiel e também evitar a adesão deste ao casamento civil, sobretudo após a aprovação do Decreto n. 181, de 24 de janeiro de 1890, que o estabeleceu no País.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)