Comparison of photobioreactors and optimal light regime for rapid vegetative propagation of transgenic Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes

BACKGROUND: Previously, tachyplesin gene (tac) has been successfully transferred into Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes using the method of microprojectile bombardment transformation. The objectives of this study were to compare and evaluate the performance of bubble-column and airlift bioreactors to determine a preferred configuration of bioreactor for vegetative propagation of transgenic U. pinnatifida gametophytes, and to then investigate the influence of light on vegetative propagation of these gametophytes, including incident light intensity, photoperiod and light quality to resolve the problems of rapid vegetative propagation within the selected bioreactor. RESULTS: Experimental results showed that final dry cell density in the airlift bioreactor was 12.7% higher than that in the bubble-column bioreactor under the optimal aeration rate of 1.2 L air min(-1) L-1 culture. And a maximum final dry cell density of 2830 mg L-1 was obtained within the airlift bioreactor using blue light at 40 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) with a light/dark cycle of 14/10 (h). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis indicated that genes (bar and tac) were not lost during rapid vegetative propagation within the airlift bioreactor. CONCLUSION: The airlift bioreactor was shown to be much more suitable for rapid vegetative propagation of transgenic U. pinnatifida gametophytes than the bubble-column bioreactor in the laboratory. The use of blue light allows improvement of vegetative propagation of transgenic U. pinnatifida gametophytes. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

Grain-size records at ODP site 1146 from the northern South China sea: Implications on the east Asian monsoon evolution since 20 Ma

273 samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1146 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed for grain-size distributions using grain-size class vs. standard deviation method and end-member modeling algorithm (EMMA) in order to investigate the evolution of the East Asian mon-soon since about 20 Ma. 10-19 mu m/1.3-2.4 mu m, the ratio of two grain-size populations with the highest variability through time was used to indicate East Asian winter monsoon intensity relative to summer monsoon. The mass accumulation rate of the coarsest end member EM1 (eolian), resulting from EMMA, can be used as a proxy of winter monsoon strength and Asian inland aridity, and the ratio of EM1/(EM2+EM3) as a proxy of winter monsoon intensity relative to summer monsoon. The combined proxies show that a profound enhancement of East Asian winter monsoon strength and winter monsoon intensity relative to summer monsoon occurred at about 8 Ma, and it is possible that the summer monsoon simultaneously intensified with winter monsoon at 3 Ma. Our results are well consistent with the previous studies in loess, eolian deposion in the Pacifc, radiolarians and planktonic foraminifera in the SCS. The phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau may have played a significant role in strengthening the Asian monsoon at 8 Ma and 3 Ma.

末次冰盛期以来黑潮流域的古环境演化

2005年6月，中法国际合作在西太平洋海域执行IMAGES XII-MD147 Micro Polo1航次科学考察时，由法国极地研究所R/V Marine Dufresne极地考察船利用Calypso重力取样器于冲绳海槽南部钻取了34.2米长MD05-2908柱状样。本文利用AMS14C测年数据建立了该孔的年代模型，对该孔的浮游有孔虫动物群落进行了分析，并利用FP-12E浮游有孔虫转换函数和Q型因子分析方法对该孔浮游有孔虫数据进行了研究，对全新世以来的黑潮流系演化和古环境记录进行了讨论。 结果表明，中晚全新世存在着5次洪水爆发期，洪水爆发期与当时温暖气候相对应，而高海平面对洪水的爆发也产生了影响。进入全新世以来的6790～4000a B.P.期间，黑潮流一直有稳步增强的趋势，黑潮流始终位于冲绳海槽内；4000～3000a B.P.期间，黑潮强度减弱或者发生明显东偏，冲淡水影响增强；3000a B.P.以后黑潮强度逐渐增强，1650～0a B.P.为中晚全新世以来黑潮活动最强的时期,在600a B.P.和140a B.P.左右存在低值，黑潮强度短暂减弱。普林虫低值事件在MD05-2908孔中有很好的体现，对该事件进行了进一步定年，其发生时间为3900～2800a B.P.，持续时间为1100a，该事件的发生可能与东亚冬季风加强有关。 冲绳海槽中晚全新世气候变化可以分为四个阶段： 6790～4800a B.P.低温阶段，4800～4100a B.P.高温阶段，4100～2400a B.P.低温阶段，2400～0a B.P.波动高温阶段。通过与中国及世界其它地方对比可以识别出6.3～5.9、5.5、4.6～4.2、3.6～3.0、2.9～2.4、1.3～1.0、0.5～0.1ka B.P.六个降温事件，为全新世气候波动在深海高分辨率沉积记录中的响应提供了有力支持。该孔SST频谱分析结果显示，存在着3008a、1061a这种千年尺度的周期，以及215a、123a、103～107a、81～78a以及73～71a等周期，表明该孔SST变化与太阳活动强度是密切相关的。 中晚全新世以来，黑潮流在冲绳海槽逐步加强，到4000aB.P.左右达到最大，然后4000～3000a B.P.期间，黑潮强度明显减弱或者发生东偏，3000aB.P.以后，黑潮强度持续增强，在近1000aB.P.波动较大。 对冲绳海槽地区14个柱状样氧同位素以及P.obliquiloculata丰度进行研究，发现LGM以来，黑潮流可能仍然在冲绳海槽地区活动，并没有移出海槽外，但是由于其强度减弱，其流径发生了很大变化。

CIMS环境下信息集成平台──系统使能器技术的研究与应用

本文阐述了ＣＩＭＳ环境下信息集成平台中基于开放式客户／服务器结构的系统使能器技术的地位、功能及其在ＣＩＭＳ环境下的实现结构，并结合ＣＩＭＳ的具体应用工厂ＳＢＣＩＭＳ讨论了ＣＩＭＳ环境下基于系统使能器技术的信息集成结构。

大别山高压-超高压带片麻岩锆石的研究

The zircons from gneisses in high and ultrahigh pressure (HP-UHP) metamorphic zones of the Dabie Mountains have been studied on three aspects in this paper, including (1) radiation damage of zircon using Laser Raman spectrum; (2) genesis determination of zircons based on geochemistry; (3) temperature estimate of the HP-UHP metamorphism using Ti-in-zircon thermometer. The zircons have the full widths at half-maximum less than 15 cm-1 at the 1008 cm-1 peak, suggesting that they are well crystallized to moderately damaged. The early inherited zircons from gneisses had undergone significant annealing and recrystallization during the HP-UHP metamorphic event. The α-doses that zircons suffered were accumulated from about 200Ma, indicating that HP-UHP metamorphic rocks have been exhumed to the surface of the earth at this time. The studies from the CL images, mineral inclusions, U-Pb ages and trace elements reveal that metamorphic zircons were formed as two kinds of mechanisms: metamorphic growth and recrystallization. The zircons of metamorphic growth and recrystallization zircons that were completely equilibrated during the HP-UHP metamorphic event have been chosen to carry out for temperature estimate using the Ti-in-zircon thermometer. The result shows that the HP-UHP terrain of the Dabie Mountains can be divided into five zones with temperature gaps, suggesting that the terrain consists of tectonic slices with different metamorphic history.

高温高压和不同氧逸度控制下单晶橄榄石电导率的实验研究

在1．0—4．0GPa，1123—1473K和控制氧逸度（Ni＋NiO，Fe＋Fe3O4，Fe＋FeO和Mo＋MoO2等4种氧缓冲剂）的条件下，借助YJ-3000t紧装式六面顶高温高压设备和Sarhron-1260阻抗／增益-相位分析仪，就位测定了橄榄石的电导率．实验结果表明：（1）在测定的频率范围（10^3-10^6Hz），样品的电导率对频率具有很强的依赖性；（2）随着温度（T）升高，电导率（σ）增大，lgσ与1／T之间符合Arrhenius关系；（3）在Fe＋Fe3O4氧缓冲条件下，随着压力升高，电导率降低，而活化焓和指前因子增大，并给出样品的活化能和活化体积分别为（1．25±0．08）eV和（0．105±0．025）cm^3·mol；（4）在给定的压力和温度下，随着氧逸度增加，电导率增大，活化焓降低；（5）小极化子导电机制可为橄榄石在高温高压下的导电行为提供合理的解释.

晚震旦世至早寒武世扬子地台北缘碳同位素研究

震旦-寒武交变期是地史上一个重大转折期，亦是一个具有特殊意义的过渡时期。运用碳同位素地球化学方法，探讨扬子地台北缘四川南江地区晚震旦世-早寒武世交变期，碳同位素地球化学异常与环境变化和生物演化的相互联系。南江剖面沉积岩有机碳同位素组成在-35．8‰～-30．1‰间变化；碳酸盐碳同位素组成从-3．5‰～+0．5‰。在灯影组顶部、牛蹄塘组下部和上部，变化的碳、硫同位素组成和不同的黄铁矿与有机碳含量反映了有机碳埋藏量和环境的变化。下寒武统富有机碳和黄铁矿的黑色页岩沉积，暗示了早寒武世早期缺氧环境的存在。

光解水制氢半导体光催化材料的研究进展

自从Fujishima-Honda效应发现以来,科学研究者一直努力试图利用半导体光催化剂光分解水来获得既可储存而又清洁的化学能--氢能.近一二十年来,光催化材料的研究经历了从简单氧化物、复合氧化物、层状化合物到能响应可见光的光催化材料.本文重点描述了这些光催化材料的结构和光催化特性,阐述了该课题的意义和今后的研究方向.[

黔东—湘西早古生代岩石圈热状态与高产热率HHPRM型地幔源区

岩石圈热结构和热状态的研究对于大陆裂解、变质作用及活化构造形成机制等大陆动力学问题的研究十分重要。通过地球化学、构造地质学和综合分析，以贵州省镇远地区金伯利岩-钾镁煌斑岩和黔东-湘西一带的晚元古代地层为例，研究了扬子地块东南缘早古生代岩石圈热结构与热状态。提出高放射性元素产热率的HHPRM型地幔源区，进一步讨论HHPRM型地幔源区形成与演化的大陆动力学机制。认为古富集无幔（HHPRM型地幔源区）是镇远一带的早古生代钾镁煌斑岩-金伯利岩的岩浆源区，镇远地区金伯利岩-钾镁煌斑岩岩浆源区深度（H）在208-244km，形成温度在1547-1403℃间，该温度和深度范围属软流层，具有形成金刚石太床的地质条件。建议在贵州244km，形成温度在1547-1403℃间，该温度和深度范围属软流层，具有形成金刚石矿床的地质条件。建议在贵州-湖南-广西三省交界区的金伯利岩和钾镁煌斑岩岩群中应进一步开展金刚石矿床研究与勘查工作。

MIT SchMUSE: Class-Based Remote Delegation in a Capricious Distributed Environment

MIT SchMUSE (pronounced "shmooz") is a concurrent, distributed, delegation-based object-oriented interactive environment with persistent storage. It is designed to run in a "capricious" network environment, where servers can migrate from site to site and can regularly become unavailable. Our design introduces a new form of unique identifiers called "globally unique tickets" that provide globally unique time/space stamps for objects and classes without being location specific. Object location is achieved by a distributed hierarchical lazy lookup mechanism that we call "realm resolution." We also introduce a novel mechanism called "message deferral" for enhanced reliability in the face of remote delegation. We conclude with a comparison to related work and a projection of future work on MIT SchMUSE.

Logging and Recovery in a Highly Concurrent Database

This report addresses the problem of fault tolerance to system failures for database systems that are to run on highly concurrent computers. It assumes that, in general, an application may have a wide distribution in the lifetimes of its transactions. Logging remains the method of choice for ensuring fault tolerance. Generational garbage collection techniques manage the limited disk space reserved for log information; this technique does not require periodic checkpoints and is well suited for applications with a broad range of transaction lifetimes. An arbitrarily large collection of parallel log streams provide the necessary disk bandwidth.

Internationalization motives and facilitating factors: Qualitative evidence from smaller specialist retailers

Hutchison, K.; Alexander, N.; Quinn, B.; and Doherty, A. M. (2007). Internationalization motives and facilitating factors: Qualitative evidence from smaller specialist retailers. Journal of International Marketing. 15(3), pp.96-122 RAE2008

Contraction/expansion flows: The pressure drop and related issues

Binding, David; Phillips, P.M.; Philips, T.N., (2006) 'Contraction/expansion flows: The pressure drop and related issues', Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 137 pp.31-38 RAE2008