Can the Deforestation Breeze Change the Rainfall in Amazonia? A Case Study for the BR-163 Highway Region

The authors simulated the effects of Amazonian mesoscale deforestation in the boundary layer and in rainfall with the Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) model. They found that both the area and shape (with respect to wind incidence) of deforestation and the soil moisture status contributed to the state of the atmosphere during the time scale of several weeks, with distinguishable patterns of temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Deforestation resulted in the development of a three-dimensional thermal cell, the so-called deforestation breeze, slightly shifted downwind to large-scale circulation. The boundary layer was warmer and drier above 1000-m height and was slightly wetter up to 2000-m height. Soil wetness affected the circulation energetics proportionally to the soil dryness (for soil wetness below similar to 0.6). The shape of the deforestation controlled the impact on rainfall. The horizontal strips lined up with the prevailing wind showed a dominant increase in rainfall, significant up to about 60 000 km(2). On the other hand, in the patches aligned in the opposite direction (north-south), there was both increase and decrease in precipitation in two distinct regions, as a result of clearly separated upward and downward branches, which caused the precipitation to increase for patches up to 15 000 km(2). The authors` estimates for the size of deforestation impacting the rainfall contributed to fill up the low spatial resolution in other previous studies.

Abundância e diversidade de palmeiras no Distrito Florestal Sustentável da rodovia BR-163, Pará, Brasil

A abundância e a diversidade de espécies, bem como a relação com a estrutura da floresta foram investigadas no Distrito Florestal Sustentável (DFS) da rodovia BR-163. Foram estabelecidas 40 parcelas de 0,04 ha (20 × 20 m) em uma mata prístina no Parque Nacional (PARNA) da Amazônia e 40 parcelas semelhantes em uma área submetida à exploração madeireira na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós. Em cada parcela, as árvores com DAP ≥ 10 cm foram medidas e as palmeiras adultas identificadas e contadas. Foi verificado que, apesar da floresta explorada da FLONA do Tapajós ser estruturalmente mais aberta que a mata do PARNA, apresenta menor quantidade e menor diversidade de espécies, provavelmente devido às limitações da dispersão de frutos e sementes e pela recente exploração madeireira. Conclui-se que, o potencial de exploração das palmeiras em matas nativas de terra firme da região é limitado pela escassez natural das espécies de maior potencial econômico, contudo, poderia ser ampliado com o plantio de espécies economicamente úteis.

The Azores Current System and the Canary Current from CTD and ADCP data

Se han eliminado páginas en blanco

Ms. hebr. oct. 163 - [Sammelband in 2 Teilen: Handschriftenkonvolut]

Vorbesitzer: Eljāqīm Carmoly; Abraham Merzbacher

Ms. Barth. 163 - Theologisch-kanonistische Sammelhandschrift

Vorbesitzer: Bartholomaeusstift Frankfurt am Main

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 163 - Anfrage des Stellmachermeisters auf Übersendung einiger im Buchhandel schwer zu beschaffenden Bücher

u.a.: Rezeption Schopenhauers in "Buch der Weltweisheiten", Leipzig 1851; Rezeption "Characteristik Schopenhauers" von Karl Rosenkranz in der Gödekeschen Wochenschrift; persönliche Angaben von Jürgens; Immanuel Kant; William Shakespeare; George Gordon Byron, Friedrich Schiller; Rousseau; Spinoza;