1000 resultados para tratamento de efluentes


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE

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Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

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Produziu-se carvão ativado a partir da casca da castanha-do-Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa L.) para ser utilizado na remoção de cobre (II), no processo de adsorção em sistema de batelada. A casca é resíduo do beneficiamento da castanha, que foi coletada, selecionada, lavada em água corrente e depois secada em estufa a 150ºC por 24 h. Os carvões foram carbonizados a 400 ºC por 3 h e ativados termicamente a 800ºC em tempos de 1, 2 e 3 h, quando receberam as respectivas codificaçõesCA1, CA2 e CA3. Depois foram caracterizadas quanto: à área superficial específica, ao volume e tamanho de poros, à difração de raios-X, à microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) acoplada ao EDS(sistema de energia dispersiva por raios-X) e à espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Ensaios preliminares foram realizados para avaliar a eficiência dos carvões quanto à remoção de cobre (II) em solução sintética de concentração inicial 50 mg L-1. Como os resultados foram satisfatórios para CA1, CA2 e CA3 (93,43, 97,23 e 96, 92 % para os respectivos carvões), decidiu-se pelo que apresentou maior percentual de remoção. O CA2 foi produzido e caracterizado quanto: às densidades reais e aparentes, à porosidade em leito fixo, ao pH, à umidade (em base úmida), às cinzas, ao carbono fixo e aos grupos funcionais pelo método de Boehm. Realizaram-se ensaios para determinar a eficiência de remoção de cobre (II) quanto à influência do diâmetro da partícula do carvão, ao pH da solução, à influência do tempo de contato e à variação da concentração inicial. Os resultados de maior percentual de remoção foram para o diâmetro 0,595≤D≤1,19mm, pH 5,09, tempo de 5 min e concentrações de 50, 100 e 150mg L-1.O modelo cinético de adsorção que melhor se ajustou aos dados foi o de pseudo2a ordem. Os dados experimentais apresentaram bom ajuste aos modelos matemáticos de isotermas de Langmuir e Frendlich. Sendo assim, obteve-se carvão ativado de baixo custo a partir da casca da castanha-do-Brasil a qual apresentou boa eficiência na remoção de cobre (II) (acima de 90 % para maioria das análises) possibilitando também a utilização no tratamento de efluentes.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Consiste de uma modalidade de tratamento de efluentes líquidos de refinaria de petróleo que pode ser usado isoladamente ou preferencialmente e mais eficazmente de forma complementar e anterior ao tratamento biológico que utiliza-se de eletrodos óxidos do Ti/TiRuO~ 2~ E/OU Fe/TiRuO~ 2~ os quais atuam no processo de conversão ou combustão eletroquímica de substâncias persistentes ou tóxicas presentes nestes entes, particularmente fenol, amónia, nitrito e cloreto em outras substâncias mais degradáveis e menos tóxicas...

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The industrial development has created many environmental problems that can be observed through the changes in air, soil and water. The pollution of water bodies with compounds present in textile effluents cause beyond the visual pollution, changes in biological cycles, mainly by changing the process of photosynthesis. Due to these environmental implications it is necessary a treatment of livestock manure. The process of adsorption of the dye is a technique that has been successfully employed for effective removal of the color of the effluent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of a polyurethane foam plant of castor oil as an alternative adsorbent for removal of dyes in textile effluents. The study was conducted with the dye “luganil azul”, as adsorbent and the foam in a flexible manner and sprayed. It also investigated the influence of pH on the adsorption dye. The kinetic data were obtained, noting that the pH influence on adsorption. Adsorption isotherms of the dye in aqueous solution using the foam in a flexible manner also were determined experimentally.

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In order to enable the reuse of the large surplus volume of petroleum produced water for irrigation of crops inedible, the quality evaluation of this water is very important. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the diffusive gradient in thin films technique (DGT) for the determination of labile Cu (II), Mn (II) and Zn (II) in petroleum produced water destined to reuse in agriculture. Samples were collected at the exit of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) (after separation oil/water and flotation) of a Petrobrás onshore production region. Basically, the laboratory experiments with DGT devices involved the evaluation of the behavior of the main variables of the technique for determination of analytes in the samples (diffusion coefficients, immersion time, fractionation of organic and inorganic species, and performance of diffusion gels with different porosities, among others). Also, experiments were conducted based on the solid phase extraction (SPE) protocol with Chelex- 100 resin using previously established protocols to support the study. During the project the possibility of in situ immersions in water treatment plants was evaluated. The DGT technique presented satisfactory results for determination of Mn in produced water, and can be used for in situ determinations. However, the results obtained for Cu and Zn show the need of additional studies

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The treatment of domestic and industrial effluents through Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTPs) generates a residue termed sewage sludge, rich in organic matter, high-volume, occasionally containing pathogens and heavy metals. The sludge generation can minimize the benefits brought by the treatment of sewage, because this residue does not always receive appropriate treatment before final disposal. The disposal is another problem related to sludge. Landfills generally does not have physical space and alternatives such as the use in agriculture requires an intense treatment that could be in many cases operational or economic unfeasible. The objective of this work is the theoretical research about the processes of stabilization of the sludge by anaerobic digestion and the methanogenic activity during the process. Through analysis of each step and contemplating each relevant factor in anaerobic digestion process in order to optimize them, we proposed a theoretical model of reactors capable of stabilize the sludge, reduce its volume and eliminate pathogens. The obtained configuration consists of two anaerobic reactors connected in series. The first one operates in the range mesophilic temperature (35 ° C) and has higher hydraulic retention time (25 days) working primarily in the stabilization of organic matter present in the sludge and producing biogas, whereas the second one operates in the thermophilic range (55 ° C) in order to eliminate pathogens, and to reduce the volume. The hydraulic retention time in the second reactor is lower (10 days). Both mesophilic and thermophilic processes were efficient in what was proposed, promoting the stabilization of organic matter present in the sludge and significant reduction of pathogens. As a final step with the sludge previously digested, it is indicated a final dehydration... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Currently exists a growing concern for the preservation of the environment Around the world, the environmental awareness in Brazil has strengthened during the past two decades. This concern in Brazil arises from the creation of mechanisms of supervision and punishment on the part of the environmental agencies. In order to meet the pertinent legislation many public and private companies have performed dehydration of waste generated in the process of treatment of industrial effluents, waste water and water treatment in order to reduce transport and disposal costs. The use of geotextile tubes has proven technically and economically feasible to be applied in various situations from water treatment to mining tailings. This work presents the solution adopted for an environmental liability in water treatment plant through the use of geotextile tubes to reduce the water content of the disposal. We evaluated the size distribution curves, Atterberg limits, and chemical composition of the residue. Found high concentrations of aluminum in the waste which would characterize environmental pollution if disposed off directly in nature with no treatment