Interferência do caruru-roxo no crescimento e na produtividade da pimenta dedo-de-moça

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Determinação das coordenadas dos vértices limítrofes de imóveis rurais utilizando-se do posicionamento GPS

Aiming to evaluate the methodologies of surveys related with the specifications of Geo-referencing Rural Parcels in Brazil, established by INCRA (National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform), in attendance to the Law 10.267/01, and considering aspects of precision and accuracy, a test area was set up in the Assentamento Florestan Fernandes, in the county of Presidente Bernardes, SP. This area was subdivided in three sub-areas in order to simulate the existence of three contiguous rural parcels. The first stage of work consisted in the implantation and determination of the control points coordinates in their respective areas. These control points were determined by the process of direct transport, using dual frequency (L1/L2) GPS receivers and through the process of traverse with baselines of up to 20 km, using single frequency receivers (L1). The coordinates of the points of the perimeter of the three sub-areas were determined using single frequency GPS receivers, from two survey methods, both using static relative positioning. The first one, so called traverse, each point that delimits the property was occupied successively, starting from the control point and closing at another. In other, denominated double irradiation, each point of the property was irradiated from two control points. These procedures were accomplished with the intention to define and to implement a mistake control strategy, to realize redundancy measurements and to use an adjustment method correctly, to obtain trustworthily values in the patterns demanded in each kind of survey. With the data collected and processed some analyses could be accomplished from the discrepancies between the coordinates obtained by different methodologies. The results show that this test area may be used to validate other methodologies and equipments. The results were satisfactory and attended the specifications of Geo-referencing Rural Parcel.

Carbohydrate concentration in 'BRS Rubimel' peach trees during the annual cycle

The carbohydrate storage is necessary to support the plant growth in periods of stress, during the dormancy, in the beginning of the vegetative development and during the fruiting time. In this context, this work intended to evaluate the carbohydrate concentrations of the peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) tree ‘BRS Rubimel’, cultivated under subtropical conditions. The experiment was performed at the experimental farm Lageado, of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of UNESP at Botucatu/SP. The evaluated peach trees were two years old and were cultivated in the spacing of 6.0 x 4.0 m. The adopted experimental delineation was in randomized blocks, making use of four plants per parcel with four repetitions. The treatments corresponded to the period of the collection of leaves and branches, during the annual cycle, corresponding to January to May and July to December 2012. The sample collection of the roots was performed in January, April, August, November and December 2012. Four fruits per plant were collected. The concentration of starch in the roots of the peach tree were superior to the ones from the branches, from August to December. The carbohydrate with the higher storage level in the peach tree ‘BRS Rubimel’ was starch.

Desenvolvimento da grama Tifton 419 submetida a distintos manejos de adubação e irrigação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo e análise de sistemas de refrigeração industrial integrados a plantas de processo químico

This work approaches the analysis of industrial refrigeration systems applied to a chemical processing industry that, in this case, consists of refrigeration machines, cooling tower system, cold water system and brine system. In this study it is highlighted the function and characteristics of different systems, including the main components, the most important features, their functionality and best practices. The motivation for this work is the fact that refrigeration systems are essential in many industrial processes, presenting a high energy consumption that is related to a significant parcel of production costs. It has aimed to understand the case studied in order to evaluate the energy efficiency of systems and to compare with Carnot efficiency and best available technologies. The assessment aims to identify irregularities, find opportunities and propose solutions that increases the performance of equipment and the overall system efficiency. Therefore, the studies intend to reduce the operation costs and generate gains for the company

Distribution of Rain Gardens in Lincoln Nebraska: Are Rain Gardens more Likely to be Built Near Bodies of Water

Abstract Rain gardens are an important tool in reducing the amount of stormwater runoff and accompanying pollutants from entering the city’s streams and lakes, and reducing their water quality. This thesis project analyzed the number of rain gardens installed through the City of Lincoln Nebraska Watershed Management’s Rain Garden Water Quality Project in distance intervals of one-eighth mile from streams and lakes. This data shows the distribution of these rain gardens in relation to streams and lakes and attempts to determine if proximity to streams and lakes is a factor in homeowners installing rain gardens. ArcGIS was used to create a map with layers to determine the number of houses with rain gardens in 1/8 mile distance increments from the city’s streams and lakes and their distances from a stream or lake. The total area, number of house parcels, and the type and location of each parcel type were also determined for comparison between the distance interval increments. The study revealed that fifty-eight percent of rain gardens were installed within a quarter mile of a stream or lake (an area covering 60% of the city and including 58.5% of the city’s house parcels), and that eighty percent of rain gardens were installed within three-eighth mile of streams or lakes (an area covering 75% of the city and 78.5% of the city’s house parcels). All parcels in the city are within 1 mile of a stream or lake. Alone the number of project houses per distance intervals suggested that proximity to a stream or lake was a factor in people’s decisions to install rain gardens. However, when compared to the number of house parcels available, proximity disappears as a factor in project participation.

Nebraska’s Virtual Corn Suitability Rating

Corn Suitability ratings have been used for many years in other parts of the Corn Belt as an agronomic measure of soil productivity, and in turn, some correlation with associated cropland values. For example, in Iowa the Corn Suitability Rating (CSR) is used extensively as a measure of soil productivity across regions and counties, and even down to parcel levels. Google on Iowa CSR, and you will find weighted average CSRs for each county, as well as private firms offering detailed analysis of CSR for any parcel of land in the state. The intent is to provide an index (between 5 and 100) of potential yields for row crop production.

Estudo e análise de sistemas de refrigeração industrial integrados a plantas de processo químico

This work approaches the analysis of industrial refrigeration systems applied to a chemical processing industry that, in this case, consists of refrigeration machines, cooling tower system, cold water system and brine system. In this study it is highlighted the function and characteristics of different systems, including the main components, the most important features, their functionality and best practices. The motivation for this work is the fact that refrigeration systems are essential in many industrial processes, presenting a high energy consumption that is related to a significant parcel of production costs. It has aimed to understand the case studied in order to evaluate the energy efficiency of systems and to compare with Carnot efficiency and best available technologies. The assessment aims to identify irregularities, find opportunities and propose solutions that increases the performance of equipment and the overall system efficiency. Therefore, the studies intend to reduce the operation costs and generate gains for the company

Venomics Profiling of Thamnodynastes strigatus Unveils Matrix Metalloproteinases and Other Novel Proteins Recruited to the Toxin Arsenal of Rear-Fanged Snakes

Rear-fanged and aglyphous snakes are usually considered not dangerous to humans because of their limited capacity of injecting venom. Therefore, only a few studies have been dedicated to characterizing the venom of the largest parcel of snake fauna. Here, we investigated the venom proteome of the rear-fanged snake Thamnodynastes strigatus, in combination with a transcriptomic evaluation of the venom gland. About 60% of all transcripts code for putative venom components. A striking finding is that the most abundant type of transcript (similar to 47%) and also the major protein type in the venom correspond to a new kind of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) that is unrelated to the classical snake venom metalloproteinases found in all snake families. These enzymes were recently suggested as possible venom components, and we show here that they are proteolytically active and probably recruited to venom from a MMP-9 ancestor. Other unusual proteins were suggested to be venom components: a protein related to lactadherin and an EGF repeat-containing transcript. Despite these unusual molecules, seven toxin classes commonly found in typical venomous snakes are also present in the venom. These results support the evidence that the arsenals of these snakes are very diverse and harbor new types of biologically important molecules.

Bird species diversity in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil is not explained by the Mid-domain Effect

The Atlantic Forest is an excellent case study for the elevational diversity of birds, and some inventories along elevational gradients have been carried out in Brazil. Since none of these studies explain the patterns of species richness with elevation, we herein review all Brazilian studies on bird elevational diversity, and test a geometric constraint null model that predicts a unimodal species-altitude curve, the Mid-domain Effect (MDE). We searched for bird inventories in the literature and also analysed our own survey data using limited-radius point counts along an 800 m elevational gradient in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We found 10 investigations of elevational diversity of Atlantic Forest birds and identified five different elevational patterns: monotonic decreasing diversity, constant at low elevations, constant at low elevations but increasing towards the middle, and two undescribed patterns for Atlantic Forest birds, trough-shaped and increasing diversity. The average MDE fit was low (r² = 0.31) and none of the MDE predictions were robust across all gradients. Those studies with good MDE model fits had obvious sampling bias. Although it has been proposed that the MDE may be positively associated with the elevational diversity of birds, it does not fit the Brazilian Atlantic Forest bird elevational diversity.

Macchine esperienziali: Narrativa, cognizione e atto di lettura

La mia tesi si riallaccia al dibattito teorico-letterario contemporaneo sulla possibilità di un approccio cognitivo alla narrativa e alla letteratura in particolare. Essa si propone di esplorare il rapporto tra narrazione ed esperienza, ridefinendo il concetto di “esperienzialità” della narrativa introdotto da Monika Fludernik nel suo Towards a “Natural” Narratology (1996). A differenza di Fludernik, che ha identificato l’esperienzialità con la rappresentazione dell’esperienza dei personaggi, la mia trattazione assegna un ruolo di primo piano al lettore, cercando di rispondere alla domanda: perché leggere una storia è – o si costituisce come – un’esperienza? L’intuizione dietro tutto ciò è che le teorizzazioni dell’esperienza e della coscienza nella filosofia della mente degli ultimi venti anni possano gettare luce sull’interazione tra lettori e testi narrativi. Il mio punto di riferimento principale è la scienza cognitiva “di seconda generazione”, secondo cui l’esperienza è un relazionarsi attivo e corporeo al mondo. La prima parte del mio studio è dedicata all’intreccio tra la narrativa e quello che chiamo lo “sfondo esperienziale” di ogni lettore, un repertorio di esperienze già note ai lettori attraverso ripetute interazioni con il mondo fisico e socio-culturale. Mi soffermo inoltre sul modo in cui relazionarsi a un testo narrativo può causare cambiamenti e slittamenti in questo sfondo esperienziale, incidendo sulla visione del mondo del lettore. Mi rivolgo poi al coinvolgimento corporeo del lettore, mostrando che la narrativa può attingere allo sfondo esperienziale dei suoi fruitori anche sul piano dell’esperienza di base: le simulazioni corporee della percezione contribuiscono alla nostra comprensione delle storie, incidendo sia sulla ricostruzione dello spazio dell’ambientazione sia sulla relazione intersoggettiva tra lettori e personaggi. Infine, mi occupo del rapporto tra l’esperienza della lettura e la pratica critico-letteraria dell’interpretazione, sostenendo che – lungi dal costituire due modalità opposte di fruizione dei testi – esse sono intimamente connesse.

Deciphering petrological signatures of reactive melt stagnation and cooling in the oceanic mantle underneath ultraslow-spreading ridges

The global mid-ocean ridge system creates oceanic crust and lithosphere that covers more than two-thirds of the Earth. Basalts are volumetrically the most important rock type sampled at mid-ocean ridges. For this reason, our present understanding of upper mantle dynamics and the chemical evolution of the earth is strongly influenced by the study of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). However, MORB are aggregates of polybarically generated small melt increments that can undergo a variety of physical and chemical processes during their ascent and consequently affect their derivative geochemical composition. Therefore, MORB do not represent “direct” windows to the underlying upper mantle. Abyssal peridotites, upper mantle rocks recovered from the ocean floor, are the residual complement to MORB melting and provide essential information on melt extraction from the upper mantle. In this study, abyssal peridotites are examined to address these overarching questions posed by previous studies of MORB: How are basaltic melts formed in the mantle, how are they extracted from the mantle and what physical and chemical processes control mantle melting? The number of studies on abyssal peridotites is small compared to those on basalts, in part because seafloor exposures of abyssal peridotites are relatively rare. For this reason, abyssal peridotite characteristics need to be considered in the context of subaerially exposed peridotites associated with ophiolites, orogenic peridotite bodies and basalt-hosted xenoliths. However, orogenic peridotite bodies are mainly associated with passive continental margins, most ophiolites are formed in supra-subduction zone settings, and peridotite xenoliths are often contaminated by their host magma. Therefore, studies of abyssal peridotites are essential to understanding the primary characteristics of the oceanic upper mantle free from the influence of continental rifting, subduction and tectonic emplacement processes. Nevertheless, numerous processes such as melt stagnation and cooling-induced, inter-mineral exchange can affect residual abyssal peridotite compositions after the cessation of melting. The aim of this study is to address these post-melting modifications of abyssal peridotites from a petrological-geochemical perspective. The samples in this study were dredged along the axis of the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean within the “Sparsely Magmatic Zone”, a 100 km ridge section where only mantle rocks are exposed. During two expeditions (ARK XVII-2 in 2001 and ARK XX-2 in 2004), exceptionally fresh peridotites were recovered. The boulders and cobbles collected cover a range of mantle rock compositions, with most characterized as plagioclase-free spinel peridotites or plagioclase- spinel peridotites. This thesis investigates melt stagnation and cooling processes in the upper mantle and is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on processes in the stability field of spinel peridotites (>10 kb) such as melt refertilization and cooling related trace element exchange, while the second part investigates processes in the stability field of plagioclase peridotites (< 10 kb) such as reactive melt migration and melt stagnation. The dissertation chapters are organized to follow the theoretical ascent of a mantle parcel upwelling beneath the location where the samples were collected.

Numerical simulations of microphysical processes in pyro-convective clouds

Hochreichende Konvektion über Waldbränden ist eine der intensivsten Formen von atmosphärischer Konvektion. Die extreme Wolkendynamik mit hohen vertikalen Windgeschwindigkeiten (bis 20 m/s) bereits an der Wolkenbasis, hohen Wasserdampfübersättigungen (bis 1%) und die durch das Feuer hohen Anzahlkonzentration von Aerosolpartikeln (bis 100000 cm^-3) bilden einen besonderen Rahmen für Aerosol-Wolken Wechselwirkungen.Ein entscheidender Schritt in der mikrophysikalischen Entwicklung einer konvektiven Wolke ist die Aktivierung von Aerosolpartikeln zu Wolkentropfen. Dieser Aktivierungsprozess bestimmt die anfängliche Anzahl und Größe der Wolkentropfen und kann daher die Entwicklung einer konvektiven Wolke und deren Niederschlagsbildung beeinflussen. Die wichtigsten Faktoren, welche die anfängliche Anzahl und Größe der Wolkentropfen bestimmen, sind die Größe und Hygroskopizität der an der Wolkenbasis verfügbaren Aerosolpartikel sowie die vertikale Windgeschwindigkeit. Um den Einfluss dieser Faktoren unter pyro-konvektiven Bedingungen zu untersuchen, wurden numerische Simulationen mit Hilfe eines Wolkenpaketmodells mit detaillierter spektraler Beschreibung der Wolkenmikrophysik durchgeführt. Diese Ergebnisse können in drei unterschiedliche Bereiche abhängig vom Verhältnis zwischen vertikaler Windgeschwindigkeit und Aerosolanzahlkonzentration (w/NCN) eingeteilt werden: (1) ein durch die Aerosolkonzentration limitierter Bereich (hohes w/NCN), (2) ein durch die vertikale Windgeschwindigkeit limitierter Bereich (niedriges w/NCN) und (3) ein Übergangsbereich (mittleres w/NCN). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Variabilität der anfänglichen Anzahlkonzentration der Wolkentropfen in (pyro-) konvektiven Wolken hauptsächlich durch die Variabilität der vertikalen Windgeschwindigkeit und der Aerosolkonzentration bestimmt wird. rnUm die mikrophysikalischen Prozesse innerhalb der rauchigen Aufwindregion einer pyrokonvektiven Wolke mit einer detaillierten spektralen Mikrophysik zu untersuchen, wurde das Paketmodel entlang einer Trajektorie innerhalb der Aufwindregion initialisiert. Diese Trajektore wurde durch dreidimensionale Simulationen eines pyro-konvektiven Ereignisses durch das Model ATHAM berechnet. Es zeigt sich, dass die Anzahlkonzentration der Wolkentropfen mit steigender Aerosolkonzentration ansteigt. Auf der anderen Seite verringert sich die Größe der Wolkentropfen mit steigender Aerosolkonzentration. Die Reduzierung der Verbreiterung des Tropfenspektrums stimmt mit den Ergebnissen aus Messungen überein und unterstützt das Konzept der Unterdrückung von Niederschlag in stark verschmutzen Wolken.Mit Hilfe des Models ATHAM wurden die dynamischen und mikrophysikalischen Prozesse von pyro-konvektiven Wolken, aufbauend auf einer realistischen Parametrisierung der Aktivierung von Aerosolpartikeln durch die Ergebnisse der Aktivierungsstudie, mit zwei- und dreidimensionalen Simulationen untersucht. Ein modernes zweimomenten mikrophysikalisches Schema wurde in ATHAM implementiert, um den Einfluss der Anzahlkonzentration von Aerosolpartikeln auf die Entwicklung von idealisierten pyro-konvektiven Wolken in US Standardamtosphären für die mittleren Breiten und den Tropen zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Anzahlkonzentration der Aerosolpartikel die Bildung von Regen beeinflusst. Für geringe Aerosolkonzentrationen findet die rasche Regenbildung hauptsächlich durch warme mikrophysikalische Prozesse statt. Für höhere Aerosolkonzentrationen ist die Eisphase wichtiger für die Bildung von Regen. Dies führt zu einem verspäteten Einsetzen von Niederschlag für verunreinigtere Atmosphären. Außerdem wird gezeigt, dass die Zusammensetzung der Eisnukleationspartikel (IN) einen starken Einfluss auf die dynamische und mikrophysikalische Struktur solcher Wolken hat. Bei sehr effizienten IN bildet sich Regen früher. Die Untersuchung zum Einfluss des atmosphärischen Hintergrundprofils zeigt eine geringe Auswirkung der Meteorologie auf die Sensitivität der pyro-konvektiven Wolken auf diernAerosolkonzentration. Zum Abschluss wird gezeigt, dass die durch das Feuer emittierte Hitze einen deutlichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung und die Wolkenobergrenze von pyro-konvektive Wolken hat. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass in dieser Dissertation die Mikrophysik von pyrokonvektiven Wolken mit Hilfe von idealisierten Simulation eines Wolkenpaketmodell mit detaillierte spektraler Mikrophysik und eines 3D Modells mit einem zweimomenten Schema im Detail untersucht wurde. Es wird gezeigt, dass die extremen Bedingungen im Bezug auf die vertikale Windgeschwindigkeiten und Aerosolkonzentrationen einen deutlichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung von pyro-konvektiven Wolken haben.

Narrating Boundaries: Framing and Contesting Suffering, Community, and Belonging in Enclaves along the India-Bangladesh Border

This paper explores the politics of community making at the India-Bangladesh border by examining the public and private narratives of history and belonging in a Bangladeshi enclave-a sovereign piece of Bangladesh completely territorially surrounded by India. Drawing on framings of political society, this paper argues that understanding populations at the margins of South Asia and beyond requires attention to two processes: first, to the ways that para-legal activities are part and parcel of daily life; and second, to the strategies through which these groups construct themselves as moral communities deserving of inclusion within the state. Border communities often articulate narratives of dispossession, exceptionality, and marginalization to researchers and other visitors-narratives that are often unproblematically reproduced in academic treatments of the border. However, such articulations mask both the complicated histories and quotidian realities of border life. This paper views these articulations as political projects in and of themselves. By reading the more hidden histories of life in this border enclave, this article reconstructs the notion of borders as experienced by enclave residents themselves. It shows the ways that the politics of the India-Bangladesh border are constitutive of (and constituted by) a range of fractures and internal boundaries within the enclave. These boundaries are as central to forging community-to articulating who belongs and why-as are more public narratives that frame enclave residents as victims of confused territorial configurations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ideologies of (and in) interpretations and Interpretive Communities

This project had a dual aim: first to survey the (scanty) literature on interpretive communities, and second to apply the concept in a specific context, i.e. in current Hungarian literature. Interpretive communities are closely linked to one of the most disputed issues of literary and theoretical discourse to date, namely canonicity. Not only is the body of the canon selected, presented and interpreted by a specific interpretive community (that of the professionals), but the production of theories themselves, including the theory of interpretive communities and of the canon, is part and parcel of professional interpreters' activity. Thus, while belonging to an interpretive community is a function of other interpretive communities, the entire conceptual system of interpretive communities is a function of a specific (professional) community. Literature in the period of political transition is characterised not only (and not necessarily) by the transitional nature of literary works or literary discourse, but rather by continuous debates about canon and interpretive communities, and here Kalman carried out a number of case studies of current discussions of this nature in Hungary.