The power of taxation under the indian constitution

The Power Of Taxation Under The lndian Constitution, the subject of the present thesis has a wide ambit covering the entire federal field end deep constitutional significance traversing many of the principles like pith and substance, colourability, severebility etc. However, considerations of time, space and areas already investigated have indicated that the present study may be confined to the fundamental constitutional limitations end the federal problem. Thus the effect of fundamental rights, the commerce clause, immunity of instrumentalitis and the principle limiting the power of legislative delegation on the power of taxation has been studied. The distribution of taxes between the Union and units of the Indian federation leans so much over to the former and that part of this study has been directed to discover what devices can help the units to gain economic viability

"Right to Personal Liberty Under the Indian Constitution - With Special Reference to Judicial Process"

The nature and extent of protection secured to personal liberty has been a subject matter of great controversy and debate. The expression "procedure established by law" as a standard of protection for personal liberty has been looked upon as highly unsatisfactory and inadequate. For, unlike the specific attributes of liberty that are separately guaranteed under Art.19, ‘personal liberty‘ as guaranteed by Art.21 does not obligate the .Legislature to comply with the requirements of justice and reasonableness as and when it enchroaches upon that right. Though the concept of ‘personal liberty‘ has received an evolutive and expansive meaning through judicial process, the standard of protection which the judicial process could secure to personal liberty through the interpretation of Art.21 has been far from satisfactory Even after four decades of judicial process in the interpretation of Art.21 the problem of evolving a just and adequate standard of protection for personal liberty in that Article continues to be 21 crucial constitutional issue, craving for a. satisfactory solution. And the present study is a humble attempt to unravel this problem and to Search for a reasonable solution.

A pilot investigation of the relationship between climate variability and milk compounds under the bootstrap technique

This study analyzes the linear relationship between climate variables and milk components in Iran by applying bootstrapping to include and assess the uncertainty. The climate parameters, Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and Equivalent Temperature Index (ETI) are computed from the NASA-Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (NASA-MERRA) reanalysis (2002–2010). Milk data for fat, protein (measured on fresh matter bases), and milk yield are taken from 936,227 milk records for the same period, using cows fed by natural pasture from April to September. Confidence intervals for the regression model are calculated using the bootstrap technique. This method is applied to the original times series, generating statistically equivalent surrogate samples. As a result, despite the short time data and the related uncertainties, an interesting behavior of the relationships between milk compound and the climate parameters is visible. During spring only, a weak dependency of milk yield and climate variations is obvious, while fat and protein concentrations show reasonable correlations. In summer, milk yield shows a similar level of relationship with ETI, but not with temperature and THI. We suggest this methodology for studies in the field of the impacts of climate change and agriculture, also environment and food with short-term data.

Under the moon and over the sea : a collection of caribbean poems.

Colección de más de cincuenta poesías, dividida en cinco partes, que evoca las vistas, sonidos, gustos y cuentos del Caribe, así como la experiencia de vivir allí. Muchos de estos poemas son inéditos.

Under the bed : the bedtime book.

Varias historietas de humor absurdo sobre la cama. Cuando un niño se despierta en su cama, comprueba que a ésta le han crecido alas y puede volar. El niño en su cama sobrevuela tejados y calles. Llega tan lejos que, desde el cielo ve los barcos de pesca cruzando el mar.

Under the ground.

Descubrimos en el interior de la Tierra un completo y nuevo mundo. Nuestro planeta no es una superficie estable, sino que sufre continuos cambios producidos en sus capas internas, a grandes profundidades y elevadas temperaturas. Bajo la superficie, se forman laberintos de cuevas y túneles subterráneos, que por efecto del agua sobre la piedra caliza,crean las estalagmitas y las estalactitas. En este mundo subterráneo viven animales, pero también algunos humanos. Los primeros habitantes del planeta habitaron en cuevas, y actualmente, en varias zonas del mundo, con climas extremos de frío o calor, algunas personas hacen sus vidas en construcciones por debajo de la tierra. En las ciudades se construyen túneles para que por ellos circulen trenes metropolitanos, y también se encuentran tuberías y distintos cableados.El interior de la Tierra es rico en recursos naturales: minerales, metales presciosos, gas, carbón, petróleo; pero tambien guarda objetos y tesoros arqueológicos del pasado de la humanidad.

A Framework for Various Approaches under the UNFCCC: Necessity or luxury? CEPS Special Report No. 70, 20 November 2012

In recognition that the world is moving towards a new climate change regime that in many ways will be very different from the world in which the Kyoto Protocol has been operating, climate negotiators and other specialists have begun to focus their attention on developing a “framework for variable approaches” (FVA). It is hoped that this new framework will prove more adaptable to national circumstances and more capable of catalysing new ideas, at the regional, national or sub-national level. This paper examines the assumptions, objectives, scope, components and functions of an FVA, with a view to creating the right conditions in which a well-functioning global carbon market can emerge.