Tres especies nuevas de Simulium Latreille de la región Neotropical: Simulium (Hemicnetha) cristalinum sp.n., (Grenieriella) wygodzinskyorum sp.n. y sumapazense sp.n. (Diptera, Simuliidae)

Tres especies nuevas son descriptas: Simulium (Hemicnetha) crisatalinum proveniente de Roraima, Brasil (hembra, macho, pupa y larva; pertenciente al el grupo brachycladum); (Grenieriella) wygodzinskyorum de Junin, Perú (hembra, macho, pupa y larva; pertenciente al el grupo lahillei); (Grenieriella) sumapazense proveniente de Cundinamarca, Colombia y descripta con base en la pupa y parte del macho.

Distribuição de Biomphalaria straminea ao Sul da Região Neotropical, Brasil

Objetivou-se atualizar os conhecimentos sobre a área colonizada pela Biomphalaria straminea e de alguns dos determinantes envolvidos na dispersão dessa espécie hospedeira intermediária de Schistosoma mansoni. Foram examinados 10.616 exemplares de caramujos procedentes de 76 localidades do Estado de São Paulo (Brasil), e realizado levantamento dos registros de ocorrência da espécie disponíveis na literatura especializada. Ficou demonstrada a expansão dos domínios territoriais de B. straminea na região, ressaltando que na parte superior da bacia hidrográfica do rio Paraná, a disseminação dos caramujos mostra estreita relação com o aproveitamento de longos trechos de rios para a navegação fluvial. Dados os riscos epidemiológicos associados à propagação desses transmissores da esquistossomose, ressalta-se a necessidade da manutenção do controle e vigilância da endemia na região.

Envenomation by the neotropical colubrid Boiruna maculata (Boulenger, 1896): a case report

This is a case report of a Boiruna maculata snake bite in a child admitted to the Hospital Municipal de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The patient was bitten on the lower left limb, and exhibited pronounced local manifestations of envenomation. She was treated with Bothrops antivenom and was discharged from the hospital five days later with marked improvement of envenomation.

First report of a human case of polycystic echinococcosis due to Echinococcus vogeli from neotropical area of Peru, South America

We report a human case of polycystic hidatidosis due to Echinococcus vogeli from Contamana (Department of Loreto) village located in the central jungle of Peru. The patient is a 44 year-old lady, teacher, who carried a painless liver mass since a year ago. She was submitted to abdominal surgery and the liver mass was removed and showed multiple cysts containing colorless liquid as is showed in the polycystic hidatidosis. The morphology and measure of the hooks obtained from the liquid contained in the cysts are from Echinococcus vogeli. It is the first report of this parasitism in Perú.

Envenomation by neotropical Opisthoglyphous colubrid Thamnodynastes cf. pallidus Linné, 1758 (Serpentes:Colubridae) in Venezuela

This is a case report of a "non-venomous" snake bite in a herpetologist observed at the Sciences Faculty of the Universidad de los Andes (Mérida, Venezuela). The patient was bitten on the middle finger of the left hand, and shows signs of pronounced local manifestations of envenomation such as bleeding from the tooth imprint, swelling and warmth. He was treated with local care, analgesics, and steroids. He was dismissed from the hospital and observed at home during five days with marked improvement of envenomation. The snake was brought to the medical consult and identified as a Thamnodynastes cf. pallidus specimen. This report represents the first T. pallidus accident described in a human.

Susceptibility of peritoneal macrophage from different species of neotropical primates to Ex vivo Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection

This study examined the susceptibility of peritoneal macrophage (PM) from the Neotropical primates: Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix penicillata, Saimiri sciureus, Aotus azarae infulatus and Callimico goeldii to ex vivo Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection, the etiological agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), as a screening assay for evaluating the potential of these non-human primates as experimental models for studying AVL. The PM-susceptibility to infection was accessed by the PM-infection index (PMI) at 24, 72 h and by the mean of these rates (FPMI), as well as by the TNF-α, IL-12 (Capture ELISA) and Nitric oxide (NO) responses (Griess method). At 24h, the PMI of A. azarae infulatus (128) was higher than those of C. penicillata (83), C. goeldii (78), S. sciureus (77) and C. jacchus (55). At 72h, there was a significant PMI decrease in four monkeys: A. azarae infulatus (128/37), C. penicillata (83/38), S. sciureus (77/38) and C. jacchus (55/12), with exception of C. goeldii (78/54). The FPMI of A. azarae infulatus (82.5) and C. goeldii (66) were higher than C. jacchus (33.5), but not higher than those of C. penicillata (60.5) and S. sciureus (57.5). The TNF-a response was more regular in those four primates which decreased their PMI at 24/72 h: C. jacchus (145/122 pg/mL), C. penicillata (154/130 pg/mL), S. sciureus (164/104 pg/mL) and A. azarae infulatus (154/104 pg/mL), with exception of C. goeldii (38/83 pg/mL). The IL-12 response was mainly prominent in A. infulatus and C. goeldii which presented the highest FPMI and, the NO response was higher in C. goeldii, mainly at 72 h. These findings strongly suggest that these New World primates have developed a resistant innate immune response mechanism capable of controlling the macrophage intracellular growth of L. (L.) i. chagasi-infection, which do not encourage their use as animal model for studying AVL.

SEROLOGICAL DETECTION OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS IN FREE-RANGING NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES (Sapajus spp., Alouatta caraya) FROM THE PARANÁ RIVER BASIN, BRAZIL

Nonhuman primates are considered as the natural hosts of Hepatitis A virus (HAV), as well as other pathogens, and can serve as natural sentinels to investigate epizootics and endemic diseases that are of public health importance. During this study, blood samples were collected from 112 Neotropical primates (NTPs) (Sapajus nigritus and S. cay, n = 75; Alouatta caraya, n = 37) trap-captured at the Paraná River basin, Brazil, located between the States of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul. Anti-HAV IgG antibodies were detected in 4.5% (5/112) of NTPs, specifically in 6.7% (5/75) of Sapajus spp. and 0% (0/37) of A. caraya. In addition, all samples were negative for the presence of IgM anti-HAV antibodies. These results suggest that free-ranging NTPs were exposed to HAV within the geographical regions evaluated.

Liver transplantation for neotropical polycystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus vogeli: a case report

Neotropical polycystic echinococcosis (NPE) is a parasitic disease caused by cestodes of Echinococcus vogeli. This parasite grows most commonly in the liver, where it produces multiples cysts that cause hepatic and vessel necrosis, infects the biliary ducts, and disseminates into the peritoneal cavity, spreading to other abdominal and thoracic organs. In cases of disseminated disease in the liver and involvement of biliary ducts or portal system, liver transplantation may be a favorable option. We present a report of the first case of liver transplantation for the treatment of advanced liver NPE caused by E. vogeli.

Proteocephalidea from Amazonian Freshwater Fishes: New Systematic Arrangement for the Species Described by Woodland as ANTHOBOTHRIUM (Tetraphyllidea)

The, taxonomic status of the Brazilian species Anthobothrium pristis, A. piramutab, A. mandubé and A. karuatayi has been reappraised. A. pristis from an elasmobranch in the Amazon, is confirmed as a member of the tetraphyllidean genus Anthobothrium, but the others, from siluroid teleosts, are transferred to Proteocephalidea. A. piramutab is transferred to Proteocephalus as a new combination. Gibsoniela n.g. is erected in Zygobothriinae for A. mandubé and Brayela n.g. is erected in a new subfamily, Brayelainae for A. Karuatayi.

Determination of fat soluble vitamins from amazonian fresh-water fishes. I. HPLC analysis of tambaqui, pirarucu and cuiu-cuiu livers .

It was found that fish livers from the Amazon have considerable amounts of vitamins A, D and E compared with the values of the standartized cod-liver oil. Tambaqui liver oil has high concentration of vitamin A1(retinol) and vitamin A2 (degidroretinol) whereas the liver oils of pirarucu and cuiu-cuiu have preferently the vitamin A2. The contents of the vitamins D and E observed in the liver oils of tambaqui and cuiu-cuiu was extremely high.

Basileunculus, um gênero novo de PIPUNCULIDAE (DIPTERA) da região neotropical, com chave para as espécies.

Um gênero novo dz Pipunculidae é reconhecido, Basileunculus. Este gênero foi. cria do para englobar duas espécies colocadas anteriormentt em EudorylasAczél e pana uma espécie nova, a saber: Basileunculus rex (Curran, 1934), comb. n. (espécie-tipo), B. interruptus (Malloch, 1912), comb. n. e B. aliceae, sp. n.

Miracetyma etimaruya gen. et sp. n. (COPEPODA, POECILOSTOMATOIDA, ERGASILIDAE) FROM FRESHWATER FISHES OF THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

Miracetyma etimaruyagen. et sp. n. is proposed from the gills filaments of Curimata cyprinoides(Linnaeus, 1758), Potamorhina latior(Spix, 1829) and Psectrogaster essequibensis(Gunther, 1864). The species of the new genus is characterized by having a more complex latching antenna. The claw is greatly reduced and has a groove; the third segment has one or two grooves; the first, second and third segments have one or two cuticular extensions. The legs have pectinate setae and the first endopod is greatly modified, very long, and without setae. The first segment of the first endopod is large, strong and elongate and the second segment is subcylindrical, slender and elongate. These modifications imply in a loss of swimming capacity which is linked to secure fixation on the gill filament. As a result, the leg morphology has evolved other functions.

REVISÃO DO GÊNERO NEOTROPICAL Acanthocera MACQUART (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE)

O gênero AcanthoceraMacquart é redefinido e apresentado lista sinonimica, diagnose, figuras e chave para fêmeas das 28 espécies. O subgênero NothocanthoceraFairchild do gênero Dichelaceraé transferido para Acanthocera,exceto D. melanopteraHine, e descrita uma espécie: A. distincta,sp. n. O subgênero MimodynerusEnderlein é sinonimizado sob A. {Acanthocera). A. bequaertiFairchüd & Aitken é revalidada. A. luizi(Enderlein) é sinonimizada sob A. coarctata(Wiedemann). A fêmea de A. polistiformisFairchild é descrita. Um novo lectótipo é designado para A. tenuicornis.

CONSUMO DE ALIMENTO POR UM GAFANHOTO NEOTROPICAL, Stenacris fissicauda fissicauda (BRUNER, 1908) (ORTHOPTERA:ACRIDIDAE) DA VÁRZEA AMAZÔNICA

É feita a determinação da quantidade média (g) de biomassa foliar consumida por 1 g (peso seco) de gafanhoto/dia nesta espécie. O material para a realização dos experimentos foi coletado na ilha de Marchantaria (várzea - Rio Solimões) perto de Manaus. Os animais testados foram agrupados por estádio ninfal (ninfas iniciais (I+II), médias (111+lV) e finais (V+VI)) e os adultos pelo sexo (machos, fêmeas, machos+fêmeas). A planta utilizada como alimento foi Paspalwn repens, macrófita aquática das Poaceac, onde Stenacrisf. fissicaudadesenvolve o seu ciclo vital. Verificou-se que as ninfas de estádios iniciais realizam o maior consumo (0,7740 g/g de biomassa animal/dia), enquanto que o menor consumo de biomassa foliar, foi feito pelos adultos (0,2622 g/g de biomassa animal/dia). O consumo médio foi calculado em 0,5 g (peso seco) de biomassa foliar consumida por g (peso seco) de biomassa animal por dia. Estes dados estão sendo comparados com o consumo foliar de Cornops aquaticum (Acrididac) em Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) da mesma área.