Marques de Carvalho na imprensa periódica belenenses oitocentistas (1800-1900)

O escritor, político, jornalista e diplomata paraense João Marques de Carvalho nasceu em Belém, capital do estado do Pará, no dia 6 de novembro de 1866, e faleceu em Nice, no sul da França, no dia 11 de abril de 1910, aos 43 anos. Além de parte de sua prosa de ficção publicada em livro, alguns de seus textos, entre contos, romances, lendas e ensaios críticos, encontram-se dispersos em páginas de determinadas folhas periódicas que circularam por Belém nas duas últimas décadas do século XIX (1880-1900), como o Diário de Belém, A Província do Pará, A República e A Arena. Considerando, portanto, esse universo de escritos divulgados em jornais locais, objetiva-se, com este trabalho, avaliar não apenas como Marques de Carvalho compreendeu a doutrina naturalista, a função da crítica e a produção literária no estado do Pará, como também analisar a representação do espaço ficcional lusitano e amazônico em seus contos e romances publicados na imprensa periódica belenense oitocentista.

A natureza e a cultura no compasso de um naturalista do século XIX: Wallace e a Amazônia

A percepção de Alfred Russel Wallace sobre a região amazônica, a qual percorreu entre 1848 e 1852, além de ser informada por seus conhecimentos sistemáticos, inclui juízos éticos e estéticos, como era comum entre os naturalistas. Os nativos da região seriam, para ele, pacíficos e hospitaleiros, mas também receptivos aos vícios da civilização. A natureza seria privilegiada, tanto para a atividade de história natural como para o prazer estético. Foram essas características que contribuíram para a permanência do naturalista na região e, portanto, para a realização de suas atividades científicas.

Effects of Temperature on Intraspecific Competition in Ectotherms

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Size-Dependent Selective Mechanisms on Males and Females and the Evolution of Sexual Size Dimorphism in Frogs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

História natural de Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Anura: Hylidae) na região de Rio Claro, estado de São Paulo

Natural history studies aim to know where the organisms live, what they do, and their relationships within the environment, including the other organisms. The anurans, among other vertebrates, exhibits the greatest variety of reproductive modes as well as a high complexity of social organization, that may enable a lot of naturalist studies. Anurans modes of organization are direct related to parental care, vocalization of chorus organization, and with males territoriality. In general, the social organization is influenced by species reproductive pattern. This study aim to get information about the natural history of Hypsiboas albopunctatus (perereca-cabrinha) a species of the family Hylidae, on the region of Rio Claro Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. The major aspects discussed were: seasonality, spatial distribution, acoustic and visual communication, reproductive mode, reproductive site, abiotic factors influences, territoriality, courtship behaviour, satellite male behavior, embrace and defensive behavior. To obtain this data, nocturnal field excursions were realized monthly. Two sites of Rio Claro county where chosen as studies sites, the sítio Cantaclaro (22o19’36’’S; 47o42’57’’O), on the District of Itapé and Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA) (22o24’58’’S; 47o31’26’’O).

Entre Zola e Eça: o Naturalismo brasileiro em seu apogeu (1888)

Brazilian naturalism began in 1881 with the publication of O mulato by Aluísio Azevedo. In spite of the considerable Brazilian cultural dependence on France, the great European master of Brazilian naturalists was initially the Portuguese Eça de Queirós. His novel O primo Basílio resounded intensely in the intellectual environment of Rio de Janeiro, where it had found admirers and fierce critics like Machado de Assis. Only around 1888, when the French naturalist movement suffered serious defections, Brazilian novelists adopted Émile Zola’s esthetical proposals directly through the reading of the Rougon-Macquart cycle. In that year, O missionário by Inglês de Sousa, O cromo by Horácio de Carvalho, A carne by Júlio Ribeiro, Hortência by Marques de Carvalho, Uma família baiana by Xavier Marques, and Lar by Pardal Mallet were published. Nevertheless, it is relevant to consider which features of Zola’s and Eça’s works were incorporated in those works which established a flowering moment of Brazilian naturalism.

The most relictual fungus-farming ant species cultivates the most recently evolved and highly domesticated fungal symbiont species

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A herança genotípica proposta por Wilhelm Ludwig Johannsen

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Investigação sobre a inclusão do episódio histórico da teoria genotípica de Wilhelm Ludwig Johannsen na formação inicial de professores e pesquisadores

This paper is part of a broader investigation on Epistemology of Biology carried out by a group of researchers from Cascavel/PR. It involves studies and research about biological thought on subjects such as the growing of the concepts of gene, genotype and phenotype. The aim of this research was to gather the undergraduate students of Biological Sciences’ views about the role played by the inclusion of a historical episode in the study group as a trigger for epistemological discussions and didactic reflections. Firstly, the students received Johannsen’s article “The genotype conception of heredity”, published in 1911 in the journal The American Naturalist, in which he proposed the concepts of genotype and phenotype, among other ones. After, there was a discussion held by group about the concepts proposed in the article taking into account the epistemological, historical and didactic aspects. Data collection occurred through the recording of the group discussions and individual interviews. The results suggest that the inclusion of this historical episode, enabled the participants to develop critical thinking through collective reflection on the meaning of biological knowledge in different contexts.

O naturalismo como técnica de representação realista: uma proposta teórico-crítica para BaléRalé, de Marcelino Freire

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O narrador de Helena de Machado de Assis: ethos modernizador em matéria literária acanhada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Refuge Update – March/April 2005, Volume 2, Number 2

Table of Contents: Planting a Seed, page 4-5 Master Naturalist Initiative Joins the Refuge System, page 8 Focus on . . . Habitat Management, pages 10-21 Leatherback Turtles Are Helped to a Future, page 24-25

Review of This Land: A Guide to Central National Forests by Robert H. Mohlenbrock

Robert Mohlenbrock's guide to the national forests of the central U.S. provides the traveling naturalist with a wealth of information on the wide array of national forest lands in the heart of the country. Part of a three-volume series of field guides, this volume covers the states of Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. While most of the forests are along the western and eastern borders of the Great Plains, readers will find a detailed travelog for a National Forest within a day's drive of most areas within the region. While not the focus of this volume, a brief mention of the National Grasslands of the Great Plains would have made it more comprehensive for the traveling naturalist.

Prairie Dog Empire: A Saga of the Shortgrass Prairie

For hundreds of years black-tailed prairie dogs inhabited the Great Plains by the millions, improving the grazing for bison and pronghorn antelope, digging escape holes and homes for burrowing owls and rodents, and serving as prey for badgers, coyotes, hawks, and bobcats. This book by the renowned naturalist and writer Paul A. Johnsgard tells the complex biological and environmental story of the western Great Plains under the prairie dog’s reign—and then under a brief but devastating century of human dominion. An indispensable and highly readable introduction to the ecosystem of the shortgrass prairie, Prairie Dog Empire describes in clear and detailed terms the habitat and habits of black-tailed prairie dogs; their subsistence, seasonal behavior, and the makeup of their vast colonies; and the ways in which their “towns” transform the surrounding terrain—for better or worse. Johnsgard recounts how this terrain was in turn transformed over the past century by the destruction of prairie dogs and their grassland habitats, together with the removal of the bison and their replacement with domestic livestock. A disturbing look at profound ecological alterations in the environment, this book also offers a rare and invaluable close-up view of the rich history and threatened future of the creature once considered the “keystone” species of the western plains. Included are maps, drawings, and listings of more than two hundred natural grassland preserves where many of the region’s native plants and animals may still be seen and studied. This excerpt includes the Preface and Chapter 1, "The Western Shortgrass Prairie: A Brief History."

LAGOA SANTA REVISITED: AN OVERVIEW OF THE CHRONOLOGY, SUBSISTENCE, AND MATERIAL CULTURE OF PALEOINDIAN SITES IN EASTERN CENTRAL BRAZIL

Lagoa Santa, a karstic area in eastern Central Brazil, has been subject to research on human paleontology and archaeology for 175 years. Almost 300 Paleoindian human skeletons have been found since Danish naturalist Peter Lund's pioneering work. Even so, some critical issues such as the role of rockshelters in settlement systems, and the possible paleoclimatic implications of the peopling of the region have yet to be addressed. We present some results obtained from recent excavations at four rockshelters and two open-air sites, new dates for human Paleoindian skeletons, and a model to explain the cultural patterns observed so far. It is also argued that the Paleoindian subsistence system at Lagoa Santa was similar to other locations in South America: generalized small-game hunting complemented by fruits, seed, and root gathering.