Desenvolvimento e aplicação do índice de desempenho energético da iluminação pública utilizando lógica nebulosa: estudo de caso da Cidade Universitária \"Armando de Salles Oliveira\" da Universidade de São Paulo.

A eficiência e a racionalidade energética da iluminação pública têm relevante importância no sistema elétrico, porque contribui para diminuir a necessidade de investimentos na construção de novas fontes geradoras de energia elétrica e nos desperdícios energéticos. Apresenta-se como objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa o desenvolvimento e aplicação do IDE (índice de desempenho energético), fundamentado no sistema de inferência nebulosa e indicadores de eficiência e racionalidade de uso da energia elétrica. A opção em utilizar a inferência nebulosa deve-se aos fatos de sua capacidade de reproduzir parte do raciocínio humano, e estabelecer relação entre a diversidade de indicadores envolvidos. Para a consecução do sistema de inferência nebulosa, foram definidas como variáveis de entrada: os indicadores de eficiência e racionalidade; o método de inferência foi baseado em regras produzidas por especialista em iluminação pública, e como saída um número real que caracteriza o IDE. Os indicadores de eficiência e racionalidade são divididos em duas classes: globais e específicos. Os indicadores globais são: FP (fator de potência), FC (fator de carga) e FD (fator de demanda). Os indicadores específicos são: FU (fator de utilização), ICA (consumo de energia por área iluminada), IE (intensidade energética) e IL (intensidade de iluminação natural). Para a aplicação deste trabalho, foi selecionada e caracterizada a iluminação pública da Cidade Universitária \"Armando de Salles Oliveira\" da Universidade de São Paulo. Sendo assim, o gestor do sistema de iluminação, a partir do índice desenvolvido neste trabalho, dispõe de condições para avaliar o uso da energia elétrica e, desta forma, elaborar e simular estratégias com o objetivo de economizá-la.

Assessment of Natural and Manmade Materials in US Artificial Reef Programs

Natural coral reefs are in a state of serious decline worldwide. The pressures of over fishing, recreational activities, environmental pollutants, and global warming have stressed these marine ecosystems to the breaking point. One of the oldest methods of augmenting natural reef systems is the implementation of artificial reefs. These projects are not as simple as dumping waste or scrap materials in offshore areas. Proper material selection is vital to produce a healthy artificial marine habitat that is completed on schedule and on budget. This Capstone Project will evaluate the most commonly used materials and provide a comparison of their strengths and weaknesses. This comparison provides a valuable tool for project managers as they begin the reef planning process.

Biodiesel wastes: An abundant and promising source for the preparation of acidic catalysts for utilization in etherification reaction

Environmentally friendly sulfonated black carbon (BC) catalysts were prepared from biodiesel waste, glycerol. These black carbons (BCs) contain a high amount of acidic groups, mainly sulfonated and oxygenated groups. Furthermore, these catalysts show a high catalytic activity in the glycerol etherification reaction with tert-butyl alcohol, the activity being larger for the sample prepared with a higher glycerol:sulfuric acid ratio (1:3). The yield for mono-tert-butyl glycerol (MTBG), di-tert-butyl glycerol (DTBG) and tri-tert-butyl-glycerol (TTBG) were very similar to those obtained using a commercial resin, Amberlyst-15. Furthermore, experimental results show that the carbon with the lowest acidic surface group content, BC prepared in minor glycerol:sulfuric acid ratio (10:1), can be chemically treated after carbonization to achieve an improved catalytic activity. The activity of all BCs is high and very similar, about 50% and 20% for the MTBG and DTBG + TTBG, respectively.

Natural Pectin Polysaccharides as Edible Coatings

The most fashionable trends in food packaging research are targeted towards improvements in food quality and safety by increasing the use of environmentally-friendly materials, ideally those able to be obtained from bio-based resources and presenting biodegradable characteristics. Edible films represent a key area of development in new multifunctional materials by their character and properties to effectively protect food with no waste production. The use of edible films should be considered as a clean and elegant solution to problems related with waste disposal in packaging materials. In particular, pectin has been reported as one of the main raw materials to obtain edible films by its natural abundance, low cost and renewable character. The latest innovations in food packaging by the use of pectin-based edible films are reviewed in this paper, with special focus on the use of pectin as base material for edible coatings. The structure, properties related to the intended use in food packaging and main applications of pectins are herein reported.

Treatment and utilization of landfill gas : Mountain View project feasibility study ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Delays and weaknesses in EPA's program to ensure proper closure of hazardous waste sites [microform] : hearing before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, first session, December 15, 1987.

CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 89 H401-26

International export of U.S. waste [microform] : hearing before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, July 14, 1988.

CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 89 H401-60

H.R. 5000--recyclable materials [microform] : plastics in the environment : hearing before the Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, and Environment of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, August 10, 1988.

"No. 132."

Waste Management and Research Center annual report fiscal year 1997 /

"Illinois Waste Management and Research Center annual report fiscal year 1997"--Cover.

Waste Management and Research Center annual report fiscal year 1996 /

"Illinois Waste Management and Research Center annual report fiscal year 1996"--Cover.

Utilization of gross fission products : a bibliography of unclassified report literature /

"February 1954."

Solid waste management systems in the rural southeast /

Mode of access: Internet.

EPA's regulations for land disposal of hazardous wastes [microform] : hearings before the Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, and Environment of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, second session, November 30; December 8, and 16, 1982.

"No. 180."

A planning guide for residential recycling programs in Illinois : drop-off, curbside, yard waste /

"Printed: January 1988."

Actions speak! (louder than words) : the social and environmental impact of solid waste /

"Funded by Grant no. SWR-2."