La modificación de la reflexividad-impulsividad y el rendimiento académico en la escuela a partir del enfoque de la instrucción en estrategias cognitivas.

Desarrollar procedimientos y técnicas integrados en los sistemas de instrucción, para ayudar a modificar y prevenir los problemas de aprendizaje asociados con la impulsividad cognitiva. Comparar la eficacia de los entrenamientos en autoinstrucciones y en solución de problemas a la hora de modificar la impulsividad y mejorar el rendimiento académico del niño. Evaluar los efectos de algunas aportaciones de los sistemas de instrucción en estrategias cognitivas o CSI, respecto a la generalización y mantenimiento de resultadoss programas de intervención no producirán cambios en el comportamiento social del niño. Dos aulas de quinto y dos de sexto de EGB del C. P. Miquel Porcel de Palma, durante el curso académico 90-91. Muestra inicial de 81 alumnos de los cuales se seleccionan 21, 10 de quinto y 11 de sexto, por ser clasificados como impulsivos, con un rendimiento académico moderado-bajo, acompañado de dificultades de aprendizaje no atribuibles directamente a factores neuropsicológicos o socio-familiares. Distribución aleatoria de los sujetos en tres grupos, controlando las variables curso y sexo: 7 para el programa de autoinstrucciones, AI, 7 para el de solución de problemas, SP, y 7 para el grupo control, sin tratamiento. El trabajo se estructura en tres grandes partes. La primera trata aspectos teóricos de la reflexibidad-impulsividad, R-I, desde el ámbito de los estilos cognitivos. La segunda parte establece las relaciones de la R-I con la educación viendo las nuevas posibilidades de conceptualización y modificación dentro de los modelos de instrucción en estrategias o CSI. La tercera parte aplica un diseño experimental para comprobar la efectividad de esta relación entre la perspectiva cognitivo-conductual y la CSI. 1. Test de emparejamiento de figuras familiares de Cairns y Cammock o MFF-20, 1978, para medir la reflexividad-impulsividad. 2. Test de matrices progresivas de Raven -serie especial-, para medir la inteligencia entendida como razonamiento analógico. 3. Prueba objetiva de rendimiento académico o POR, basada en el currículum del centro, para medir la comprensión lectora, la expresión escrita, la resolución de problemas elementales, el cálculo, etc. 4. Cuestionario de evaluación de conductas en el aula o CECA, para medir el comportamiento, las habilidades básicas y el rendimiento académico. Destinado a los profesores. 5. Prueba inicial del rendimiento académico o PIN, destinada únicamente a los grupos experimentales. Para seleccionar la muestra experimental se utilizan las puntuaciones globales de los cuatro primeros instrumentos; para la evaluación pre y post tratamiento se utiliza el primero y los tres últimos; y para la evaluación del seguimiento se utiliza el primero y una versión reducida del tercero y del quinto. Los tres últimos instrumentos son de elaboración propia. Se utiliza el sistema de economía de fichas para la atención y el buen comportamiento durante la aplicación de los tratamientos. La muestra inicial se analiza con los siguientes procedimientos. Diseño factorial AxB con dos niveles en cada factor al que se le aplica el análisis de varianza Two Ways. Análisis de varianza One Way para los cuatro grupos del sistema tradicional, los contrastes posteriores se realizan con la prueba de Student-Newman-Keuls. Comparación de medias con T-Test para la PI. El diseño correlacional analiza las relaciones entre las medidas del MFF-20 y del Ravesn sobre las medidas del POR y CECA; y la fiabilidad del CECA mediante el método test-retest. 2. La muestra experimental se analiza con los siguientes procedimientos: diseño factorial AxB intra-sujetos con medidas repetidas en el factor B. El factor A o Factor grupo está compuesto por tres niveles: AI, SP y CN. El factor B o factor test está compuesto por dos o tres niveles: evaluación pre-tratamiento, evaluación post-tratamiento y, para alguna medida, evaluación de seguimiento. Se ha efectuado el análisis multivariante de la varianza, MANOVA, sobre las distintas medidas; cuando las interacciones grupo X test han sido significativas se ha procedido al análisis de los contrastes, tipo simple. En las medidas donde las interacciones no han sido significativas pero sí lo han sido las variables entre-sujetos, factor grupo, y/o la variabilidad intrasujetos, factor test, se ha procedido a la aplicación de los ANOVA para cada factor y al análisis de los contrastes con la prueba Student-Neyman-Keuls. Se confirman las tres hipótesis de la muestra inicial. Por lo que respecta al diseño experiemental, si bien las H4 y H5 se han cumplido hasta cierto punto, las tres hipótesis exploratorias consideradas de mayor interés sólo se han cumplido parcialmente. Los programas han sido efectivos en la modificación de la R-I y en el mantenimiento de resultados. Sin embargo, los resultados sobre la mejora del rendimiento académico han sido aceptables únicamente sobre las medidas globales de la POR y la PIN pero no se han mantenido tras el seguimiento. Por otra parte, H2 y H3 sólo se han cumplido estadísticamente sobre los errores aunque la tendencia sobre la PI es la misma. De todos modos, en el caso de las latencias el programa de solución de problemas se muestra ligeramente superior al de autoinstrucciones tanto en el postratamiento como en el seguimiento. Si bien todavía quedan bastantes puntos oscuros en la concepción de la R-I, los esfuerzos realizados tanto en los aspectos conceptuales como en los metodológicos han servido para confirmar las repercusiones de ésta dentro del ámbito educativo. La preocupación por incorporar los avances realizados dentro de la orientación del enseñar a pensar es palpable. El problema radica en plantearse no sólo las reformas de los contenidos curriculares, necesarias e importantes, sino también en plantearse las posibilidades de modificar los sistemas de instrucción para que se haga un mayor énfasis en el fomento de los procesos cognitivos.

Variational calculation of static and dynamic vibrational nonlinear optical properties

The vibrational configuration interaction method used to obtain static vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities is extended to dynamic nonlinear optical properties in the infinite optical frequency approximation. Illustrative calculations are carried out on H2 O and N H3. The former molecule is weakly anharmonic while the latter contains a strongly anharmonic umbrella mode. The effect on vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities due to various truncations of the potential energy and property surfaces involved in the calculation are examined

Infection of human airway epithelium by human and avian strains of influenza a virus

We describe the characterization of influenza A virus infection of an established in vitro model of human pseudostratified mucociliary airway epithelium (HAE). Sialic acid receptors for both human and avian viruses, alpha-2,6- and alpha-2,3-linked sialic acids, respectively, were detected on the HAE cell surface, and their distribution accurately reflected that in human tracheobronchial tissue. Nonciliated cells present a higher proportion of alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid, while ciliated cells possess both sialic acid linkages. Although we found that human influenza viruses infected both ciliated and nonciliated cell types in the first round of infection, recent human H3N2 viruses infected a higher proportion of nonciliated cells in HAE than a 1968 pandemic-era human virus, which infected proportionally more ciliated cells. In contrast, avian influenza viruses exclusively infected ciliated cells. Although a broad-range neuraminidase abolished infection of HAE by human parainfluenza virus type 3, this treatment did not significantly affect infection by influenza viruses. All human viruses replicated efficiently in HAE, leading to accumulation of nascent virus released from the apical surface between 6 and 24 h postinfection with a low multiplicity of infection. Avian influenza A viruses also infected HAE, but spread was limited compared to that of human viruses. The nonciliated cell tropism of recent human H3N2 viruses reflects a preference for the sialic acid linkages displayed on these cell types and suggests a drift in the receptor binding phenotype of the H3 hemagglutinin protein as it evolves in humans away from its avian virus precursor.

Adjuvant-free immunization with hemagglutinin-Fc fusion proteins as an approach to influenza vaccines

The hemagglutinins (HAs) of human H1 and H3 influenza viruses and avian H5 influenza virus were produced as recombinant fusion proteins with the human immunoglobulin Fc domain. Recombinant HA-human immunoglobulin Fc domain (HA-HuFc) proteins were secreted from baculovirus-infected insect cells as glycosylated oligomer HAs of the anticipated molecular mass, agglutinated red blood cells, were purified on protein A, and were used to immunize mice in the absence of adjuvant. Immunogenicity was demonstrated for all subtypes, with the serum samples demonstrating subtype-specific hemagglutination inhibition, epitope specificity similar to that seen with virus infection, and neutralization. HuFc-tagged HAs are potential candidates for gene-to-vaccine approaches to influenza vaccination.

Haplotype analysis of vernalization loci in European barley germplasm reveals novel VRN-H1 alleles and a predominant winter VRN-H1/VRN-H2 multi-locus haplotype

In barley, variation in the requirement for vernalization (an extended period of low temperature before flowering can occur) is determined by the VRN-H1, -H2 and -H3 loci. In European cultivated germplasm, most variation in vernalization requirement is accounted for by alleles at VRN-H1 and VRN-H2 only, but the range of allelic variation is largely unexplored. Here we characterise VRN-H1 and VRN-H2 haplotypes in 429 varieties representing a large portion of the acreage sown to barley in Western Europe over the last 60 years. Analysis of genotype, intron I sequencing data and growth habit tests identified three novel VRN-H1 alleles and determined the most frequent VRN-H1 intron I rearrangements. Combined analysis of VRN-H1 and VRN-H2 alleles resulted in the classification of seventeen VRN-H1/VRN-H2 multi-locus haplotypes, three of which account for 79% of varieties. The molecular markers employed here represent powerful diagnostic tools for prediction of growth habit and assessment of varietal purity. These markers will also allow development of germplasm to test the behaviour of individual alleles with the aim of understanding the relationship between allelic variation and adaptation to specific agri-environments.

An epigenetic signature of developmental potential in neural stem cells and early neurons.

A cardinal property of neural stem cells (NSCs) is their ability to adopt multiple fates upon differentiation. The epigenome is widely seen as a read-out of cellular potential and a manifestation of this can be seen in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), where promoters of many lineage-specific regulators are marked by a bivalent epigenetic signature comprising trimethylation of both lysine 4 and lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, respectively). Bivalency has subsequently emerged as a powerful epigenetic indicator of stem cell potential. Here, we have interrogated the epigenome during differentiation of ESC-derived NSCs to immature GABAergic interneurons. We show that developmental transitions are accompanied by loss of bivalency at many promoters in line with their increasing developmental restriction from pluripotent ESC through multipotent NSC to committed GABAergic interneuron. At the NSC stage, the promoters of genes encoding many transcriptional regulators required for differentiation of multiple neuronal subtypes and neural crest appear to be bivalent, consistent with the broad developmental potential of NSCs. Upon differentiation to GABAergic neurons, all non-GABAergic promoters resolve to H3K27me3 monovalency, whereas GABAergic promoters resolve to H3K4me3 monovalency or retain bivalency. Importantly, many of these epigenetic changes occur before any corresponding changes in gene expression. Intriguingly, another group of gene promoters gain bivalency as NSCs differentiate toward neurons, the majority of which are associated with functions connected with maturation and establishment and maintenance of connectivity. These data show that bivalency provides a dynamic epigenetic signature of developmental potential in both NSCs and in early neurons. Stem Cells 2013;31:1868-1880.

Optimal steady motions for oriented vehicles

Motivated by the motion planning problem for oriented vehicles travelling in a 3-Dimensional space; Euclidean space E3, the sphere S3 and Hyperboloid H3. For such problems the orientation of the vehicle is naturally represented by an orthonormal frame over a point in the underlying manifold. The orthonormal frame bundles of the space forms R3,S3 and H3 correspond with their isometry groups and are the Euclidean group of motion SE(3), the rotation group SO(4) and the Lorentzian group SO(1; 3) respectively. Orthonormal frame bundles of space forms coincide with their isometry groups and therefore the focus shifts to left-invariant control systems defined on Lie groups. In this paper a method for integrating these systems is given where the controls are time-independent. For constant twist motions or helical motions, the corresponding curves g(t) 2 SE(3) are given in closed form by using the well known Rodrigues’ formula. However, this formula is only applicable to the Euclidean case. This paper gives a method for computing the non-Euclidean screw/helical motions in closed form. This involves decoupling the system into two lower dimensional systems using the double cover properties of Lie groups, then the lower dimensional systems are solved explicitly in closed form.

Species concepts in Cercospora: spotting the weeds among the roses

The genus Cercospora contains numerous important plant pathogenic fungi from a diverse range of hosts. Most species of Cercospora are known only from their morphological characters in vivo. Although the genus contains more than 5 000 names, very few cultures and associated DNA sequence data are available. In this study, 360 Cercospora isolates, obtained from 161 host species, 49 host families and 39 countries, were used to compile a molecular phylogeny. Partial sequences were derived from the internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA, actin, calmodulin, histone H3 and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes. The resulting phylogenetic clades were evaluated for application of existing species names and five novel species are introduced. Eleven species are epi-, lecto- or neotypified in this study. Although existing species names were available for several clades, it was not always possible to apply North American or European names to African or Asian strains and vice versa. Some species were found to be limited to a specific host genus, whereas others were isolated from a wide host range. No single locus was found to be the ideal DNA barcode gene for the genus, and species identification needs to be based on a combination of gene loci and morphological characters. Additional primers were developed to supplement those previously published for amplification of the loci used in this study. TAXONOMIC NOVELTIES: New species - Cercospora coniogrammes Crous & R.G. Shivas, Cercospora delaireae C. Nakash., Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Cercospora euphorbiae-sieboldianae C. Nakash., Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Cercospora pileicola C. Nakash., Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Cercospora vignigena C. Nakash., Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin. Typifications: epitypifications - Cercospora alchemillicola U. Braun & C.F. Hill, Cercospora althaeina Sacc., Cercospora armoraciae Sacc., Cercospora corchori Sawada, Cercospora mercurialis Pass., Cercospora olivascens Sacc., Cercospora violae Sacc.; neotypifications - Cercospora fagopyri N. Nakata & S. Takim., Cercospora sojina Hara.

Changes in histone acetylation and methylation that are important for persistent but not transient expression of CCR4 in human CD4(+) T cells

Although regulation of CXCR3 and CCR4 is related to Th1 and Th2 differentiation, respectively, many CXCR3(+) and CCR4(+) cells do not express IFN-gamma and/or IL-4, suggesting that the chemokine receptor genes might be inducible by mechanisms that are lineage-independent. We investigated the regulation of CXCR3 versus IFNG, and CCR4 versus IL4 in human CD4(+) T cells by analyzing modifications of histone H3. In naive cord-blood cells, under nonpolarizing conditions not inducing IL4, CCR4 was induced to high levels without many of the activation-associated changes in promoter histone H3 found for both IL4 and CCR4 in Th2 cells. Importantly, CCR4 expression was stable in Th2 cells, but fell in nonpolarized cells after the cells were rested; this decline could be reversed by increasing histone acetylation using sodium butyrate. Patterns of histone H3 modifications in CXCR3(+) CCR4(-) and CXCR3(-) CCR4(+) CD4(+) T-cell subsets from adult blood matched those in cells cultured under polarizing conditions in vitro. Our data show that high-level lineage-independent induction of CCR4 can occur following T-cell activation without accessibility-associated changes in histone H3, but that without such changes expression is transient rather than persistent.

Differential Antitumor Effects of IgG and IgM Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Synthetic Complementarity-Determining Regions Directed to New Targets of B16F10-Nex2 Melanoma Cells

Malignant melanoma has increased incidence worldwide and causes most skin cancer-related deaths. A few cell surface antigens that can be targets of antitumor immunotherapy have been characterized in melanoma. This is an expanding field because of the ineffectiveness of conventional cancer therapy for the metastatic form of melanoma. In the present work, antimelanoma monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were raised against B16F10 cells (subclone Nex4, grown in murine serum), with novel specificities and antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. MAb A4 (IgG2ak) recognizes a surface antigen on B16F10-Nex2 cells identified as protocadherin beta(13). It is cytotoxic in vitro and in vivo to B16F10-Nex2 cells as well as in vitro to human melanoma cell lines. MAb A4M (IgM) strongly reacted with nuclei of permeabilized murine tumor cells, recognizing histone 1. Although it is not cytotoxic in vitro, similarly with mAb A4, mAb A4M significantly reduced the number of lung nodules in mice challenged intravenously with B16F10-Nex2 cells. The V(H) CDR3 peptide from mAb A4 and V(L) CDR1 and CDR2 from mAb A4M showed significant cytotoxic activities in vitro, leading tumor cells to apoptosis. A cyclic peptide representing A4 CDR H3 competed with mAb A4 for binding to melanoma cells. MAb A4M CDRs L1 and L2 in addition to the antitumor effect also inhibited angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. As shown in the present work, mAbs A4 and A4M and selected CDR peptides are strong candidates to be developed as drugs for antitumor therapy for invasive melanoma.

Analysis of Agonist and Antagonist Effects on Thyroid Hormone Receptor Conformation by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange

Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are ligand-gated transcription factors with critical roles in development and metabolism. Although x-ray structures of TR ligand-binding domains (LBDs) with agonists are available, comparable structures without ligand (apo-TR) or with antagonists are not. It remains important to understand apo-LBD conformation and the way that it rearranges with ligands to develop better TR pharmaceuticals. In this study, we conducted hydrogen/deuterium exchange on TR LBDs with or without agonist (T(3)) or antagonist (NH(3)). Both ligands reduce deuterium incorporation into LBD amide hydrogens, implying tighter overall folding of the domain. As predicted, mass spectroscopic analysis of individual proteolytic peptides after hydrogen/deuterium exchange reveals that ligand increases the degree of solvent protection of regions close to the buried ligand-binding pocket. However, there is also extensive ligand protection of other regions, including the dimer surface at H10-H11, providing evidence for allosteric communication between the ligand-binding pocket and distant interaction surfaces. Surprisingly, C-terminal activation helix H12, which is known to alter position with ligand, remains relatively protected from solvent in all conditions suggesting that it is packed against the LBD irrespective of the presence or type of ligand. T(3), but not NH(3), increases accessibility of the upper part of H3-H5 to solvent, and we propose that TR H12 interacts with this region in apo-TR and that this interaction is blocked by T(3) but not NH(3.) We present data from site-directed mutagenesis experiments and molecular dynamics simulations that lend support to this structural model of apo-TR and its ligand-dependent conformational changes. (Molecular Endocrinology 25: 15-31, 2011)

A quantum chemical study on a set of non-imidazole H(3) antihistamine molecules

Molecular orbital calculations were carried out on a set of 28 non-imidazole H(3) antihistamine compounds using the Hartree-Fock method in order to investigate the possible relationships between electronic structural properties and binding affinity for H3 receptors (pK(i)). It was observed that the frontier effective-for-reaction molecular orbital (FERMO) energies were better correlated with pK(i) values than highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy values. Exploratory data analysis through hierarchical cluster (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed a separation of the compounds in two sets, one grouping the molecules with high pK(i) values, the other gathering low pK(i) value compounds. This separation was obtained with the use of the following descriptors: FERMO energies (epsilon(FERMO)), charges derived from the electrostatic potential on the nitrogen atom (N(1)), electronic density indexes for FERMO on the N(1) atom (Sigma((FERMO))c(i)(2)). and electrophilicity (omega`). These electronic descriptors were used to construct a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model through the partial least-squares (PLS) method with three principal components. This model generated Q(2) = 0.88 and R(2) = 0.927 values obtained from a training set and external validation of 23 and 5 molecules, respectively. After the analysis of the PLS regression equation and the values for the selected electronic descriptors, it is suggested that high values of FERMO energies and of Sigma((FERMO))c(i)(2), together with low values of electrophilicity and pronounced negative charges on N(1) appear as desirable properties for the conception of new molecules which might have high binding affinity. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Locus of Controls inverkan på strategier för konflikthantering i kärleksrelationer

Syftet var att undersöka om personers Locus of Control påverkar deras konflikthanteringsstrategier i kärleksrelationer. Hypoteserna var: H1: Det finns skillnader mellan personer med extern och intern Locus of Control när det gäller vilka typer av strategier de använder för att hantera kärleksrelationsproblem. H2: Personer med intern Locus of Control har större benägenhet att använda sig av relationskonflikthanteringsstrategin Kompromiss i sina kärleksrelationer. H3: Kvinnor påverkas mer än män av Locus of Control när det gäller vilka typer av strategier de använder för att hantera kärleksrelationsproblem. Deltagarna var 172 studenter. Data insamlades med en webbenkät innehållande svenska versioner av Rotters I-E skala och RPCS. Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad mellan personer med intern och extern Locus of Control i tre konflikthanteringsstrategier: Kompromiss, Underkastelse och Undvikande. Vidare använde personer med intern Locus of Control Kompromiss mer. Personer med extern Locus of Control använde Underkastelse och Undvikande mer. Skillnaderna fanns bara bland kvinnorna. Samtliga hypoteser kunde därmed godtas. Undersökningen visade att Locus of Control är en möjlig anledning till varför personer använder sig av vissa typer av konflikthanteringsstrategier i kärleksrelationer.

Den psykosociala arbetsmiljön utifrån modellen; krav, kontroll och socialt stöd : En jämförande studie mellan personal på offentligt och privat äldreboende

Studier har visat att äldre personer i behov av vård ökar vilket kan leda till att vårdpersonalen upplever högre krav. Detta kan i sin tur resultera i arbetsrelaterad stress och ohälsa hos personalen. Utifrån Robert Karasek och Töres Theorells modell om krav, kontroll och socialt stöd kan man undersöka hur den psykosociala arbetsmiljön upplevs på en arbetsplats. Enkäter delades ut i samarbete med enhetschefer på de båda äldreboendena. 40 undersökningsdeltagare ingick i studien. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att försöka urskilja om det finns skillnader mellan personalen på offentligt och privat äldreboende gällande den psykosociala arbetsmiljön utifrån modellen krav, kontroll och socialt stöd samt upplevelsen av arbetsrelaterad stress. H1, Det finns en relation mellan upplevelse av krav och upplevd arbetsrelaterad stress. H2: Det finns en relation mellan upplevelse av kontroll och upplevd arbetsrelaterad stress. H3: Det finns en relation mellan upplevelse av socialt stöd och upplevd arbetsrelaterad stress. H4: Det finns en signifikant skillnad i upplevelsen av krav mellan offentlig och privat personal. H5: Det finns en signifikant skillnad i upplevelsen av kontroll mellan offentlig och privat personal. H6: Det finns en signifikant skillnad i upplevelsen av socialt stöd mellan offentlig och privat personal. H7: Det finns en signifikant skillnad i upplevelsen av stress mellan offentlig och privat personal. H1-4 kan godtas. H5-7 kan förkastas. Resultaten diskuteras utifrån Robert Karasek och Töres Theorells modell.

A interatividade como medida de eficiência : um estudo sobre efeitos cognitivos resultantes da interação com web sites e suas implicações para o marketing da web

A pesquisa realizada avalia a relação entre o projeto de um Web Site1 comercial e o Flow, e a influência desse estado cognitivo sobre a comunicação de marketing do Site. É desenvolvida a partir de três perspectivas: perspectiva tecnológica do meio, mercadológica da organização e psicológica do usuário. O enfoque da pesquisa está voltado para a perspectiva humana, onde sugere que o Flow, um estado cognitivo decorrente de um processo de interação, traz reflexos positivos às comunicações de marketing de Web Sites comerciais. As três hipóteses levantadas para responder a questão de pesquisa são: H1: As características do design gráfico e arquitetura do Web Site influenciam no nível da experimentação do Flow. H2: O usuário que experimenta o Flow interage com mais profundidade com o ambiente mediado, visitando mais páginas e permanecendo mais tempo no Web Site e, por conseqüência, ficando mais exposto as comunicações emanadas pelo Site. H3: A experimentação do Flow aumenta a probabilidade do usuário avaliar positivamente o Site, aumenta a sua predisposição em retornar ao Site ou recomendá-lo a terceiros. A pesquisa empregou um método quase experimental, utilizando como instrumento um site experimental e para os testes e análises um grupo de teste e um grupo de controle. Os resultados obtidos concluem que, primeiro, as características do design e da 1 Os termos em língua inglesa apresentados ao longo deste trabalho encontram-se no glossário. VIII arquitetura do Web Site estimulam a experimentação do Flow. Segundo, o indivíduo que experimenta o fenômeno detém-se por mais tempo no Site. E terceiro, o usuário que experimenta o Flow tende a uma atitude positiva em relação ao Site.