Quasinormal modes of semiclassical electrically charged black holes

We report the results concerning the influence of vacuum polarization due to quantum massive vector, scalar and spinor fields on the scalar sector of quasinormal modes in spherically symmetric charged black holes. The vacuum polarization from quantized fields produces a shift in the values of the quasinormal frequencies, and correspondingly the semiclassical system becomes a better oscillator with respect to the classical Reissner-Nordstrom black hole.

Predictions from an anisotropic inflationary era

This paper investigates the predictions of an inflationary phase starting from a homogeneous and anisotropic universe of the Bianchi I type. After discussing the evolution of the background spacetime, focusing on the number of e-folds and the isotropization, we solve the perturbation equations and predict the power spectra of the curvature perturbations and gravity waves at the end of inflation. The main features of the early anisotropic phase is (1) a dependence of the spectra on the direction of the modes, (2) a coupling between curvature perturbations and gravity waves and (3) the fact that the two gravity wave polarizations do not share the same spectrum on large scales. All these effects are significant only on large scales and die out on small scales where isotropy is recovered. They depend on a characteristic scale that can, but a priori must not, be tuned to some observable scale. To fix the initial conditions, we propose a procedure that generalizes the one standardly used in inflation but that takes into account the fact that the WKB regime is violated at early times when the shear dominates. We stress that there exist modes that do not satisfy the WKB condition during the shear-dominated regime and for which the amplitude at the end of inflation depends on unknown initial conditions. On such scales, inflation loses its predictability. This study paves the way for the determination of the cosmological signature of a primordial shear, whatever the Bianchi I spacetime. It thus stresses the importance of the WKB regime to draw inflationary predictions and demonstrates that, when the number of e-folds is large enough, the predictions converge toward those of inflation in a Friedmann-Lemaitre spacetime but that they are less robust in the case of an inflationary era with a small number of e-folds.

NEW CHARACTERIZATIONS OF COMPLETE SPACELIKE SUBMANIFOLDS IN SEMI-RIEMANNIAN SPACE FORMS

In this paper we study n-dimensional complete spacelike submanifolds with constant normalized scalar curvature immersed in semi-Riemannian space forms. By extending Cheng-Yau`s technique to these ambients, we obtain results to such submanifolds satisfying certain conditions on both the squared norm of the second fundamental form and the mean curvature. We also characterize compact non-negatively curved submanifolds in De Sitter space of index p.

Maslov index in semi-Riemannian submersions

We study focal points and Maslov index of a horizontal geodesic gamma : I -> M in the total space of a semi-Riemannian submersion pi : M -> B by determining an explicit relation with the corresponding objects along the projected geodesic pi omicron gamma : I -> B in the base space. We use this result to calculate the focal Maslov index of a (spacelike) geodesic in a stationary spacetime which is orthogonal to a timelike Killing vector field.

Arbetsmiljöfaktorer i skogsenergibranschen : - Fallstudier med fokus på buller, vibrationer och damm

Denna rapport är en komplettering till den tidigare rapporten Arbetsmiljö vid hantering av skogsenergi (Hedlund m fl, 2010). Syftet med denna studie är att ytterligare öka kunskapen om förhållanden inom skogsenergibranschen avseende arbetsmiljö och ergonomiska möjligheter. Mer specifikt var målet att genom fallstudier studera skördning och skotning av stubbar samt mäta exponering av damm, buller och vibrationer vid olika delprocesser.I denna studie har arbetsmiljöanalyser i form av fallstudier genomförts för processerna skotning av stubbar med skotare, skördning av stubbar med grävmaskin försedd med stubbrytningsaggregat, samt sönderdelning av GROT med skotare och lastbil försedda med sönderdelningsaggregat. Arbetsmiljöanalyserna har fokuserat på buller, vibrationer och damm, därtill har ergonomisk checklista använts för att undersöka de ergonomiska förhållandena. Fallstudierna har genomförts i Dalarna, Närke och Gästrikland, samt i Finland. Den ekvivalenta ljudnivån i maskinerna varierade mellan 68 och 82 dB(A). I två av åtta fall översteg ljudnivån insatsvärdet. De fall ljudnivån kom upp till eller översteg insatsvärdet var vid skördning av stubbar, 80 dB(A) och i kranhytt på lastbil vid sönderdelning av GROT, 82 dB(A). Uppmätta maximala ljudnivåer visar att inget ekipage översteg insatsvärdet för maximal A-vägd ljudtrycksnivå, 115 dB(A). Mätningarna och uppgifter från förare indikerar att ljudnivån vid sönderdelning ökar vid sönderdelning av större dimensioner. I två av fyra fall överskreds insatsvärdet för helkroppsvibrationer. Vid sönderdelning av GROT (ett av två ekipage) och vid stubbskördning (ett av två ekipage) överskreds insatsvärdena i x-led. Vid sönderdelning av GROT har genom mätningar med PIMEX identifierats att det främst var kranrörelser som påverkade vibrationsnivåerna. Därtill kan markförhållanden i form av ytstruktur och bärighet, samt hur hårt stubbarna sitter i marken (integrering) påverka vibrationsnivåerna. Vid skördning av stubbar visade mätningar med PIMEX att exponeringstoppar förekom vid skakning av stubbar, vridning av hytt, när skördningsaggregatet används till att skjuta iväg stubbar utmed marken eller till att jämna till marken och vid förflyttning. Resultaten från denna, såväl som tidigare studier, visar att helkroppsvibrationsnivåerna varierar mellan olika maskiner och olika arbetssituationer. Dammnivåerna i hytterna var låga, men höga och korta exponeringstoppar förekom vid servicearbete på sönderdelningsaggregaten. Trots torr väderlek och sönderdelning av brun GROT med mycket synligt damm utomhus var nivåerna inne i hytterna låga. PIMEX visar att de högsta exponeringstopparna förekom i samband med att föraren gick i och ur maskinen, samt vid byte av knivar i sönderdelningsaggregat. Regelbundna byten av luftfilter, noggrann montering av filter samt hur föraren positionerar maskinen i förhållande till vindriktningen är här av betydelse. Förarergonomin är relativt god i ordinära skogsmaskiner, medan den är bristfällig i kranhytt på lastbil. Dock förekom hos skotarna en till tre röda markeringar som innebär uppenbar risk för hälsoproblem, sjukdom eller skada. Kranhytten som ingått i studien har sämre ergonomi och klimatförhållanden (totalt sex röda makeringar). Genom att använda PIMEX har exponeringsnivåer för buller, vibrationer och damm kopplats till aktuella arbetsmoment vilket kan användas som underlag för att minska exponeringen.

On purely gravito-magnetic vacuum space-times

It is shown that there are no purely magnetic, vacuum, spacetime metrics where any one of the following conditions holds: (a) the ratio of any two eigenvalues of the Weyl tensor is constant, (b) both of the Riemann principal null directions, defining the time-like blade, are nonrotating, (c) the shear tensor possesses an eigenvector v^a which is defined by one of the space-like Riemann principal directions, (d) the vorticity is parallel to v^a, where v^a is defined by one of the space-like Riemann principal directions.

Vector Theory of Spontaneous Lorentz Violation

Classical electromagnetism predicts two massless propagating modes, which are known as the two polarizations of the photon. On the other hand, if the Lorentz symmetry of classical electromagnetism is spontaneously broken, the new theory will still have two massless Nambu-Goldstone modes resembling the photon. If the Lorentz symmetry is broken by a bumblebee potential that allows for excitations out of the minimum, then massive modes arise. Furthermore, in curved spacetime, such massive modes will be created through a process other than the usual Higgs mechanism because of the dependence of the bumblebee potential on both the vector field and the metric tensor. Also, it is found that these massive modes do not propagate due to the extra constraints.

Exotic dark spinor fields

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Spin-1 duality in D dimensions

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Gravitomagnetismo e o teste da sonda gravidade B

The so-called gravitomagnetic field arised as an old conjecture that currents of matter (no charges) would produce gravitational effects similar to those produced by electric currents in electromagnetism. Hans Thirring in 1918, using the weak field approximation to the Einsteins field equations, deduced that a slowly rotating massive shell drags the inertial frames in the direction of its rotation. In the same year, Joseph Lense applied to astronomy the calculations of Thirring. Later, that effect came to be known as the Lense- Thirring effect. Along with the de Sitter effect, those phenomena were recently tested by a gyroscope in orbit around the Earth, as proposed by George E. Pugh in 1959 and Leonard I. Schiff in 1960. In this dissertation, we study the gravitational effects associated with the rotation of massive bodies in the light of the Einsteins General Theory of Relativity. With that finality, we develop the weak field approximation to General Relativity and obtain the various associated gravitational effects: gravitomagnetic time-delay, de Sitter effect (geodesic precession) and the Lense-Thirring effect (drag of inertial frames). We discus the measures of the Lense-Thirring effect done by LAGEOS Satellite (Laser Geodynamics Satellite) and the Gravity Probe B - GPB - mission. The GPB satellite was launched into orbit around the Earth at an altitude of 642 km by NASA in 2004. Results presented in May 2011 clearly show the existence of the Lense-Thirring effect- a drag of inertial frames of 37:2 7:2 mas/year (mas = milliarcsec)- and de Sitter effect - a geodesic precession of 6; 601:8 18:3 mas/year- measured with an accuracy of 19 % and of 0.28 % respectively (1 mas = 4:84810��9 radian). These results are in a good agreement with the General Relativity predictions of 41 mas/year for the Lense-Thirring effect and 6,606.1 mas/year for the de Sitter effect.

Superstrings in 2D backgrounds with R-R flux and new extremal black holes

The hybrid formalism is used to quantize the superstring compactified to two-dimensional target-space in a manifestly spacetime supersymmetric manner. A quantizable sigma model action is then constructed for the type II superstring in curved two-dimensional supergravity backgrounds which can include Ramond-Ramond flux. Such curved backgrounds include Calabi-Yau fourfold compactifications with Ramond-Ramond flux, and new extremal black hole solutions in two-dimensional dilaton supergravity theory. These black hole solutions are a natural generalization of the CGHS model and might be possible to describe using a supergroup version of the SL(2, R)/U(1) WZW model. We also study some dynamical aspects of the new black holes, such as formation and evaporation. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier B.V. B.V.

Galilean covariant Lagrangian models

We construct non-relativistic Lagrangian field models by enforcing Galilean covariance with a (4, 1) Minkowski manifold followed by a projection onto the (3, 1) Newtonian spacetime. We discuss scalar, Fermi and gauge fields, as well as interactions between these fields, preparing the stage for their quantization. We show that the Galilean covariant formalism provides an elegant construction of the Lagrangians which describe the electric and magnetic limits of Galilean electromagnetism. Similarly we obtain non-relativistic limits for the Proca field. Then we study Dirac Lagrangians and retrieve the Levy-Leblond wave equations when the Fermi field interacts with an Abelian gauge field.

On the worldsheet derivation of large N dualities for the superstring

Large N topological string dualities have led to a class of proposed open/ closed dualities for superstrings. In the topological string context, the worldsheet derivation of these dualities has already been given. In this paper we take the first step in deriving the full ten-dimensional superstring dualities by showing how the dualities arise on the superstring worldsheet at the level of F terms. As part of this derivation, we show for F-term computations that the hybrid formalism for the superstring is equivalent to a (c) over cap = 5 topological string in ten-dimensional spacetime. Using the (c) over cap = 5 description, we then show that the D brane boundary state for the ten-dimensional open superstring naturally emerges on the worldsheet of the closed superstring dual.

Teleparallel equivalent of non-Abelian Kaluza-Klein theory

Based on the equivalence between a gauge theory for the translation group and general relativity, a teleparallel version of the non-Abelian Kaluza-Klein theory is constructed. In this theory, only the fiber-space turns out to be higher dimensional, spacetime being kept always four dimensional. The resulting model is a gauge theory that unifies, in the Kaluza-Klein sense, gravitational and gauge fields. In contrast with the ordinary Kaluza-Klein models, this theory defines a natural length scale for the compact submanifold of the fiber space, which is shown to be of the order of the Planck length.

Exact Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation for real spin-0 particle in curved space

Up to now, the only known exact Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation (FWT) in curved space is that concerning Dirac particles coupled to static spacetime metrics. Here we construct the exact FWT related to a real spin-0 particle for the aforementioned spacetimes. This exact transformation exists independently of the value of the coupling between the scalar field and gravity. Moreover, the gravitational Darwin term written for the conformal coupling is one-third of the corresponding term in the fermionic case. There are some arguments in the literature that seem to favor the choice lambda=1/6. We rehearse a number of claims of these works.