一种新型的碳纤维和碳纳米管化学镀镍工艺

碳纤维是最重要的复合材料增强体之一,而碳纳米管比碳纤维具有更好的力学性能,对他们的表面改性将会对复合材料性能有很大影响。试验实现了一种对碳纤维和碳纳米管通用的化学镀镍工艺。通过对基体较好的预处理,在基体上成功地完成了化学镀镍并且较好的控制了镀层成分。同时还探讨了施镀温度、pH值和搅拌方式等对镀层的影响,试验发现pH值控制在9~10之间,温度控制在70℃附近并采用氮气搅拌可以获得较满意的施镀效果。

Environmental Mechanics Research in China

By recalling mankind's path during past 50 years in the present article, we mainly highlight the significance of environmental issues today. In particular, two major factors leading to environment deterioration in China such as water resources and coal burning are stressed on. Present-day environmental issues are obviously interdisciplinary, of multiple scales and multi-composition in nature. Therefore, a process-based approach for environment research is absolutely necessarily. A series of sub-processes, either physical, chemical or biological, are subsequently analyzed in order to established reasonable parameterization scheme and credible comprehensive model. And we are now in a position to answer questions still open to us, improve existing somewhat empirical engineering approaches and enhance quantitative accuracy in prediction. To illustrate this process-based research approach, three typical examples associated with the Yangtze River Estuary, Loess Plateau and Tenggeli Desert environments have been dealt with respectively. A theoretical model of vertical flow field accounting for runoff and tide interaction has been established to delineate salinity and sediment motion which are responsible for the formation of mouth bar at the outlet and the ecological evolution there. A kinematic wave theory combined with the revised Green-Ampt infiltration formula is applied to the prediction of runoff generation and erosion in three types of erosion region on the Loess Plateau. Three approaches describing water motion in SPAC system in arid areas at different levels have been improved by introducing vegetation sub-models. However, we have found that the formation of a dry sandy layer and biological crust skin are additional primary causes leading to deterioration of water supply and succession of ecological system.

乙烯超声速燃烧的数值模拟研究

利用Fluent软件、ISAT算法与由CARM(Computer Assisted Reduction Method)简化而来的11组分、7步反应的乙烯简化机理对碳氢燃料/空气的超声速燃烧问题进行数值模拟.研究结果表明这种方法是可利用的.计算得到的压力数据与试验压力值可以比较.

Experimental Study on Vortex-Induced Vibrations of a Pipeline Near a Plane Boundary in Steady Flow

对单向水流作用下近壁管道横向涡激振动进行了实验模拟,重点探讨了管道与壁面间隙比(e/D)对管道涡激振动幅值和涡激振动频率响应特性的影响规律.实验结果表明,管道与壁面间隙宽度对管道涡激振动特性有较明显影响.在较大间隙比(e/D＞0.66)下,管道振幅随着Vr数的增大先快速增长到最大值,然后平缓下降;在振动初期(即Vr数较小时),管道振动频率变化基本符合Strouhal规律;在振动中后期(即Vr数较大时),管道振动频率变化不符合Strouhal规律,而在管道固有频率附近缓慢增长.在较小间隙比(e/D＜0.30)下,管道振幅随Vr数的增大先平缓上升到最大值,随后较快速下降;在振动初期,管道振动频率变化不遵循Strouhal规律;在整个振动范围内,与较大间隙比情况相比,随着Vr数增加,管道振动频率增长幅度明显较大.

欠膨胀高速射流的压力均一化过程

发展了分析欠膨胀高速湍流射流近场特性的数值方法，计算了不同背压比条件下声速喷管出口附近膨胀区的激波胞格结构，揭示了压力均一化过程的机制。

表面应力调制的微流控技术的驱动原理

发展和优化对薄膜、液滴和气泡进行流动控制操作的多功能装置,要求深入了解界面现象和微流体动力学流动.表面积/体积的大比值和低雷诺数流动是此类系统的特点.毛细数和Bond数强烈地受边界效应影响,因而可以通过各种表面处理和表面力来进行控制.本文综述了运用调制法向或切向应力,对均匀的、带化学处理条纹及拓扑结构纹理表面上的微滴和液膜进行驱动的常用技术的基本原理.

高频感应等离子体风洞的光谱诊断

建立高频感应等离子体风洞在国内是近几年的事情，因此对风洞内等离子体参数的诊断也刚刚开始。该文论述了利用氩光谱的相对强度法测量高频感应风洞的等离子体温度及其分布的原理装置，并给出了实验结果。

On the shear instability of saturated soil

In this paper. the dynamic instability of simple shear of saturated soil is discussed. The governing equations are obtained based on mixture theory in which the inertia effect and the compressibility of grains are considered. Perturbation method is used to analyze and it is shown that two types of instability may exist. One of them is dominated by pore-pressure-softening, while the other by strain-softening.

Underwater Acoustics and Cavitating Flow of Water Entry

The fluid mechanics of water entry is studied through investigating the underwater acoustics and the supercavitation. Underwater acoustic signals in water entry are extensively measured at about 30 different positions by using a PVDF needle hydrophone. From the measurements we obtain (1) the primary shock wave caused by the impact of the blunt body on free surface; (2) the vapor pressure inside the cavity; (3) the secondary shock wave caused by pulling away of the cavity from free surface; and so on. The supercavitation induced by the blunt body is observed by using a digital high-speed video camera as well as the single shot photography. The periodic and 3 dimensional motion of the supercavitation is revealed. The experiment is carried out at room temperature.

Kinetics and Force Dependence of P-selectin/PSGL-1 Interactions Measured by AFM

Leukocytes roll along the endothelium of postcapillary venules in response to inflammatory and thrombotic processes. The rolling under hydrodynamic shear forces is a first step in directing leukocytes out of the blood stream into sites of inflammation and is mediated by the selectins, a family of extended, modular, and calcium-dependent lectin receptors. The interactions between P-, E-or L-selectins and their count.

植被层湍流的大涡模拟

研究植被层湍流的大涡模拟，发展了一个TSF(transient structure function)亚格子模式，尽可能真实地处理被湍流这种既有强剪切，又有热对流的流动。建立了植被湍流数据库，并进行了分析研究。湍流统计量如平均风速剖面、雷诺应力、湍流脉动能等等，与有关观测结果作了对比，符合较好。大涡模拟计算同样发现已由现场观测到的、在强对流情况时出现的温度场斜坡型有组织结构。

骨生长和骨折愈合的生物力学研究

应力或应变对骨生长和骨折愈合起着十分重要的作用,国内外已经形成了研究的热点。介绍了自1976年以来的1/4世纪中,我们几个单位合作在对骨生长和骨折愈合的生物力学研究中的进展,并提出了两个应力与生长研究有启发性的定性实验。展望了由应力对人长高的控制和得到骨折愈合施加最佳应力的可能性。

Scaling relationships in conical indentation of elastic perfectly plastic solids

Using dimensional analysis and finite element calculations we derive several scaling relationships for conical indentation into elastic-perfectly plastic solids. These scaling relationships provide new insights into the shape of indentation curves and form the basis for understanding indentation measurements, including nano- and micro-indentation techniques. They are also helpful as a guide to numerical and finite element calculations of conical indentation problems. Finally, the scaling relationships are used to reveal the general relationships between hardness, contact area, initial unloading slope, and mechanical properties of solids.