Memória de reconhecimento em indivíduos adultos com mais de 45 anos

As we grow old, there are many cognitive processes which decline in the human brain. One of them is the memory, a function that allows retention and posterior use of knowledge learned during the life, understood as a result of multiple systems highly organized and spread in several neural regions. This work aimed to evaluate the recognition memory in adults over 45 years old through words and pictures recognition tasks and the use of two codification or learning conditions (same distracters and different distracters). Twelve individuals were studied (6 men and 6 women) aged between 45 and 88 years old and with similar demographic characteristics. They presented better performance on picture tasks rather than word tasks. Better results were also verified when the codification context had different distracters, which significantly reflected in a long term principally in elderly individuals. The results reached suggest that the codification context influenced the lists of pictures and words learning, mainly for the elderly ones, when compared to adults, and that these results can be related to the phenomena involved with the recognition memory, the recollection and familiarity

Avaliação da relação entre qualidade de sono e uma intervenção com jogos para o desempenho de crianças e adolescentes

The sleep is an active brain process that allows the efficient realization of daily tasks. The changes on sleep patterns may influence the different cognitive processes performance. Many recent studies show the possibility of cognitive performance improvement, through the cognitive training with the use of computer games. The question is if these interventions may be influenced by the sleep quality. Thus, we evaluated the sleep quality effect about the efficacy of an intervention with computers games based on the working memory and attention for a cognitive performance training of elementary school students. The sample was constituted by 42 students with average age of 10,43 years old (SD=1,23), with 22 male participants and 20 female participants. We used to evaluate the sleep with the parents a sleep questionnaire, a sleep diary and the Sleep Behavior Questionnaire. In regard to intervention, the subjectives were distributed in an experimental and in a control group, both with 21 participants. In the first group occurred the intervention that consisted in the working memory and attention training with two cognitive tasks (Safari e Brain Workshop) during 30 daily minutes, for a 6 weeks period. In an equal period, the students from the control group should reproduce an artwork using drawing software. To evaluate the cognitive performance we applied before and after the intervention period the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III). The results showed that in both the groups the performance of the intelligence, working memory, attention and visuospatial skills was below of the mean. The cognitive processes evaluated after of intervention in the experimental group had a performance significantly higher in the Perceptual Reasoning Index (t = -6,24; p < 0,01) and in the Full Scale IQ (t = -5,09; p < 0,01) and Performance IQ (t = -6,52; p < 0,01), suggesting a improvement on the visuospatial skills, attention, working memory and processing speed. On the control group, the performance was significantly higher in the Coding subtest (t = -5,38; p< 0,01) and in the Perceptual Reasoning Index (t = -3,66; p = 0,01), suggesting a improvement on the visuospatial skills and attention. The mean obtained with the Sleep Behavior Questionnaire was 53,76 (SD=14,96) for an experimental group and 61,19 (SD=12,82) for a control group, indicating tendency for a bad sleep quality in that last one. Not only during the first days, but also in the last fifteen days of the intervention we verified in the two groups an adequate time to sleep, duration and regularity, in the weekdays and on the weekends. We didn t find significant differences between the two groups in none of the sleep variables. We verified statistically meaningful improvement on the performance of the experimental group with the intervention in the two games. We didn t verify significant correlations between the games performance index and in the sleep variables of the experimental group individuals. We verified significant correlations among the performance on the Brain Workshop and the Cubes subtest, the Perceptual Reasoning Index and the Scale Performance IQ, suggesting that the significant improvement of the visuospatial skills and of the attention was correlated with the performance in the Brain Workshop. Although the absence of correlations with the performance in the Safari, possibly it also has relieved in the improvement of the cognitive performance. The findings support the hypothesis that the computer games might be a satisfactory tool for the improvement of the performance in visuospatial skills and attention. This can be resulted of the insertion of visuospatial stimulations in the task, for example, graphical elements with thematic for children that increase the interest. The IQ below mean the individuals might have influenced the improvement absence on the cognitive processes like the working memory with games. Moreover, it wasn t verified a relation between the sleep quality and the intervention efficacy. It might have been influenced by the n of the sample. Future studies must focalize in the improvement of the effect of the interventions with games

Sono e percepção visuoespacial em trabalhadores de uma empresa petroquímica submetidos a esquemas de trabalho em turnos alternantes

Shift work consists of an array of unusual work hours, such as evenings and weekends, and increasing workload, in order to meet the uninterrupted production, which leads to changes in the quality, duration and regularity of sleep. Research indicates that sleep alteration cause cognitive processes to become slower, unstable and prone to errors, leading to loss of cognitive functions such as visuospatial perception. In this sense, this research aimed to evaluate sleep quality and its relation to visuospatial perception in workers in alternating shifts. Participants were 21 panel operators in a petrochemical company, male, aged 19-53 years. All participants were subjected to schedules of alternating shifts (day and night) of 12 nonstop hours and data were collected from 10 workers who were assigned to the day shift and 11 workers assigned to the night shift. For the sleep evaluation were used the Sleep Diary, the Sleep Habits Questionnaire, the Chronotype Identification Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The visuospatial skills were assessed using the Rey Complex Figure Test and attention was assessed using a portable version of the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). The results showed that the general sample of workers obtained poor sleep quality on working days and good sleep quality during the work break. There was shortened sleep duration in the work week and appropriate duration in the work break. No losses were found in the workers visuospatiality, but the good quality of sleep during the work break was correlated to adequate visuospatial performance, for the day shift workers. The attention performance oscillated throughout the work hours, especially on the night shift. It is concluded that the alternating shifts work scheme can be detrimental to the sleep quality workers and a good sleep quality can contribute to a better visuospatial performance

On the role of synchrony for neuron-astrocyte interactions and perceptual conscious processing

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The frog Dermatonotus muelleri (Boettger 1885) (Anura Microhylidae) shifts its search tactics in response to two different prey distributions

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

What affective neuroscience means for science of consciousness

The field of affective neuroscience has emerged from the efforts of Jaak Panksepp in the 1990s and reinforced by the work of, among others, Joseph LeDoux in the 2000s. It is based on the ideas that affective processes are supported by brain structures that appeared earlier in the phylogenetic scale (as the periaqueductal gray area), they run in parallel with cognitive processes, and can influence behaviour independently of cognitive judgements. This kind of approach contrasts with the hegemonic concept of conscious processing in cognitive neurosciences, which is based on the identification of brain circuits responsible for the processing of (cognitive) representations. Within cognitive neurosciences, the frontal lobes are assigned the role of coordinators in maintaining affective states and their emotional expressions under cognitive control. An intermediary view is the Damasio-Bechara Somatic Marker model, which puts cognition under partial somatic-affective control. We present here our efforts to make a synthesis of these views, by proposing the existence of two interacting brain circuits; the first one in charge of cognitive processes and the second mediating feelings about cognitive contents. The coupling of the two circuits promotes an endogenous feedback that supports conscious processes. Within this framework, we present the defence that detailed study of both affective and cognitive processes, their interactions, as well of their respective brain networks, is necessary for a science of consciousness.© MSM 2013.

Instrumentalização pedagógica para avaliação de crianças com risco de dislexia

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Desempenho de escolares do ensino fundamental I em fluência e compreensão de leitura

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

O conhecimento do senso comum e os limites da inteligência artificial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Processos de tomada de decisões na performance musical: influência das heurísticas e vieses na elaboração da performance

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Um modelo semiótico dos processos nutricionais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um ensaio sobre a racionalidade em economia: considerações acerca de concepções neoclássicas e Herbert Simon

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Polissemia nos usos do verbo ter: arbitrariedade ou iconicidade?

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Perfil de escolares do 3º ao 5º ano do ensino fundamental I em compreensão de leitura: elaboração de instrumento avaliativo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Intoxicação crônica experimental com alumínio: padrões degenerativos, comportamentais e terapia experimental com magnésio após lesão hipocampal

Evidências experimentais sugerem que o alumínio é um agente neurotóxico com ações deletérias sobre os processos cognitivos. Neste estudo, investigou-se os efeitos comportamentais, histopatológicos e bioquímicos da intoxicação crônica com citrato de alumínio sobre o hipocampo de ratos adultos, e ao mesmo tempo aplicou-se uma terapia experimental de tratamento com magnésio para a reversão das alterações neuropatológicas encontradas. Utilizou-se 70 ratos Wistar machos de 200-250 g, divididos em grupos da seguinte maneira: controle, citrato de sódio (CNa), citrato de alumínio (CAl), citrato de alumínio + sulfato de magnésio (CAl+Mg), citrato de sódio + sulfato de magnésio (CNa+Mg). A dose usada de citrato de alumínio foi de 100 mg/kg e sulfato de magnésio 250 mg/kg durante 30 dias. Os animais foram submetidos aos testes comportamentais do campo aberto, Rota rod, Reconhecimento social e Labirinto em T elevado (LTE), análise bioquímica, histopatológica e imunoistoquímica para GFAP. Além disso, foram verificados os níveis de alumínio no plasma e no hipocampo dos animais em espectrômetro de absorção atômica em forno de grafite (GF AAS). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o grupo CAl apresentou um aumento da atividade locomotora no teste do campo aberto em comparação ao grupo controle e já o grupo CAl+Mg apresentou uma diminuição (P<0.001). Nos testes de memória do LTE e de Reconhecimento social, os animais do grupo CAl apresentaram déficits no cognitivos em relação aos demais grupos enquanto os animais do grupo CAl+Mg apresentaram um bom desempenho nos teste (P<0.001). Os níveis de alumínio encontrados no hipocampo do grupo CAl foram consideravelmente elevados e nos demais grupos os níveis ficaram abaixo do limite de detecção. Na análise histopatológica e imunoistoquímica, os animais do grupo CAl apresentaram diminuição da densidade celular e reatividade astrocitária nas camadas CA1, CA3 e hilo do hipocampo. Estes resultados sugerem que a intoxicação experimental com citrato de alumínio induz déficits de aprendizado e memória e que a administração de sulfato de magnésio pode ter a capacidade de minimizar os danos causados pelo metal no hipocampo de animais intoxicados.