Avances en el control del bitter pit en manzano.

En este trabajo se realiza una sucinta recopilación de los últimos avances en la investigación aplicada al control del bitter pit en la Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD-CSIC). Se describen nuevas formulaciones y estrategias de aplicación foliar con calcio, un método físico postcosecha y el método de tinción selectiva de calcio en fruto

Using quantitative descriptive analysis and temporal dominance of sensations analysis as complementary methods for profiling commercial blackcurrant squashes

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) is used to describe the nature and the intensity of sensory properties from a single evaluation of a product, whereas temporal dominance of sensation (TDS) is primarily used to identify dominant sensory properties over time. Previous studies with TDS have focused on model systems, but this is the first study to use a sequential approach, i.e. QDA then TDS in measuring sensory properties of a commercial product category, using the same set of trained assessors (n = 11). The main objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate the benefits of using a sequential approach of QDA and TDS and (2) to explore the impact of the sample composition on taste and flavour perceptions in blackcurrant squashes. The present study has proposed an alternative way of determining the choice of attributes for TDS measurement based on data obtained from previous QDA studies, where available. Both methods indicated that the flavour profile was primarily influenced by the level of dilution and complexity of sample composition combined with blackcurrant juice content. In addition, artificial sweeteners were found to modify the quality of sweetness and could also contribute to bitter notes. Using QDA and TDS in tandem was shown to be more beneficial than each just on its own enabling a more complete sensory profile of the products.

Diseño e implementación del software del UPMSat-2 en el entorno de desarrollo TASTE.

Como respuesta a a necesidad de modernizar y homogeneizar el proceso de diseño y desarro llo de software par a el segmento de vuelo de sus misiones, la Agencia Espacial Europea puso en marcha en 2004 el proyecto ASSERT El resultado de este proyecto fue una nueva metodología basada en el desarrollo basado en modelo. Posteriormente, la propia Agencia promovió un nuevo proyecto, TASTE, con el objetivo de desarrollar un entorno de desarrollo que permitiera la puesta en práctica de la metodología propuesta en ASSERT. En el presente artículo se describen las principales características de este entorno de desarrollo, así como la experiencia en su uso en el ámbito del proyecto UPMSat-2

Hamburguesa "Good taste" 1984

Receta original de Framton MacDonald's, Wendy Jenks y King Wolfe.

A taste of the technical cuisine: metals and other ingredients

According to cognitive linguistics, language has an experiential origin based on perception, sensory motor activities and our knowledge of the world. Our thought operates by establishing similarities, links and associations that enable us to talk about one thing in terms of another as shown in the example of love as a journey (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980). Metaphor and metonymy are conceptual and linguistic tools that make possible most of these cognitive operations. Since metaphor is an essential element of human communication, the discourse of specialised disciplines includes metaphorical mappings and numerous examples of metaphorical expressions, for example in economics, where business is mapped in terms of war (White, 2004; Herrera & White, 2000), electrotechnics with electrical components understood as couples (Roldán- Riejos in preparation) or in civil engineering where a bridge is conceptualized as a person (Roldán-Riejos, 2013). In this paper, the metaphors: WORKING WITH METALS IS COOKING/ TRABAJAR CON METALES ES COCINAR and METALS ARE CULINARY OBJECTS/ LOS METALES SON OBJETOS CULINARIOS are explored. The main aim is to show that the cooking metaphor is widely spread in the metallurgical domain in English and Spanish, although with different nuances in each language due to socio-cultural factors. The method adopted consists of analysing examples taken from the: Bilingual Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Metaphors and Metonymies Spanish- English/English-Spanish, a forthcoming and rigorously documented bilingual dictionary that sums up research on conceptual, linguistic and visual metaphor and metonymy in different areas of engineering (Roldán-Riejos and Molina, 2013). The present paper studies in detail English and Spanish cross-linguistic correspondences related to types of metals and processes. It is suggested that they reflect synesthetic metaphoric mappings. The exploitation of cognitive conceptual metaphor in the ESP classroom is lastly recommended.

(+)-Germacrene A Biosynthesis : The Committed Step in the Biosynthesis of Bitter Sesquiterpene Lactones in Chicory

The leaves and especially the roots of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) contain high concentrations of bitter sesquiterpene lactones such as the guianolides lactupicrin, lactucin, and 8-deoxylactucin. Eudesmanolides and germacranolides are present in smaller amounts. Their postulated biosynthesis through the mevalonate-farnesyl diphosphate-germacradiene pathway has now been confirmed by the isolation of a (+)-germacrene A synthase from chicory roots. This sesquiterpene cyclase was purified 200-fold using a combination of anion-exchange and dye-ligand chromatography. It has a Km value of 6.6 μm, an estimated molecular mass of 54 kD, and a (broad) pH optimum around 6.7. Germacrene A, the enzymatic product, proved to be much more stable than reported in literature. Its heat-induced Cope rearrangement into (−)-β-elemene was utilized to determine its absolute configuration on an enantioselective gas chromatography column. To our knowledge, until now in sesquiterpene biosynthesis, germacrene A has only been reported as an (postulated) enzyme-bound intermediate, which, instead of being released, is subjected to additional cyclization(s) by the same enzyme that generated it from farnesyl diphosphate. However, in chicory germacrene A is released from the sesquiterpene cyclase. Apparently, subsequent oxidations and/or glucosylation of the germacrane skeleton, together with a germacrene cyclase, determine whether guaiane- or eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones are produced.

Taste receptor-like cells in the rat gut identified by expression of alpha-gustducin.

The alpha-subunit of the trimeric G-protein complex specific for taste receptor cells of the tongue, alpha-gustducin, is described here to be also expressed in the stomach and intestine. The alpha-gustducin-containing cells were identified as brush cells that are scattered throughout the surface epithelium of the gut and share structural features of taste receptor cells of the tongue. These findings provide clues to the long-sought molecular and cellular basis for chemoreception in the gut.

Japan and China: Bitter Rivals and Close Partners. Asia Policy Brief 2013/03, June 2013

Japan and China trade a lot between each other. Unfortunately, however, they also argue a lot with each other. Since Tokyo’s purchase of three uninhabited Japanese-controlled islets in the East China Sea from their private owner in September 2012, the main subject of dispute has been that of sovereignty over maritime territories. While bilateral trade amounted to an impressive $333 billion in 2012 (slightly less than in 2011, when bilateral trade reached $345 billion), a bilateral territorial dispute over control and sovereignty of what Tokyo calls Senkaku and Beijing calls the Diaoyu Islands will most probably continue to remain at the very top of the agenda of Sino-Japanese relations in the months ahead.

Oh! fickle taste; or, Objectivity in art.

Mode of access: Internet.

Notes on the flora, especially the forest flora, of the Bitter Root mountains.

Proceedings of the Iowa academy of sciences. v.12, p.87-100, pl.22-27, 1905.

A letter to the Dilettanti Society, respecting the obtention of certain matters essentially necessary for the improvement of public taste, and for accomplishing the original views of the Royal Academy of Great-Britain /

Signatures: B⁸(±B1) C-T⁸ U².

Historical sketch of the Flathead Indian nation from the year 1813 to 1890. Embracing the history of the establishment of St. Mary's Indian mission in the Bitter Root Valley, Mont. With sketches of the missionary life of Father Ravalli and other early missionaries, wars of the Blackfeet and Flatheads, and sketches of history, trapping and trading in the early days ...

Mode of access: Internet.