Chloride concentration in red wines: influence of terroir and grape type

Red wines from different countries have been assessed in order to determine the influence of terroir and grape variety in their concentration of chloride. Chloride analysis was carried out by Laboratório de Bebidas de Origem Vegetal do Espírito Santo (Labeves), using the potentiometric method, in which the dosing is directly applied to the sample with an Ag/AgCl electrode. Data were collected to establish the level of chloride, as presented in the analysis reports issued by Labeves, and to serve as a wine categorization database, according to grape variety and country of origin. Australia and Argentina presented the highest levels of chloride and the wines made from the Syrah variety presented the highest concentration of such ion. We have, therefore, found that terroir and grape variety do have an influence over the concentration of chloride in red wines.

Comparison between aroma compounds in wines from four Vitis vinifera grape varieties grown in different shoot positions

The aroma characteristics of wines from four Vitis vinifera grape varieties (‘Cabernet sauvignon’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Chardonnay’, and ‘Italian Riesling’) grown in three shoot positions were evaluated by HS-SPME-GC/MS. In this study, the numerous significant differences found in most of the aromatic compounds influence of different shoot positions on the quality of wine. The results showed that the middle shoot position increased significantly the aroma concentration in the majority of wines investigated. The volatile components showing the greatest differences in the wines of different cultivars were aldehydes and terpenes. 8 and 11 compounds were found and quantified (OAVs>1) in the two red wines and white wines at concentrations higher than their corresponding odor thresholds, respectively; and therefore they significantly contributed to the wine aromas. According to their OAVs, fruity, floral, cheese and fatty aroma strongly influenced the characteristics of the four monovarietal wines, while the two white wines showed the green and fresh aroma characteristics. These results are related to the different microclimate of the canopies of the different shoot positions and varieties. They suggest that proper elevating the fruiting zones could improve the accumulation of aroma compounds in wines from the different varieties. On the other hand, grapevines trained to systems with uniform fruiting zones could improve the quality of wine.

Optimization of the HS-SPME-GC/MS technique for determining volatile compounds in red wines made from Isabel grapes (Vitis labrusca)

Abstract Brazilian wine production is characterized by Vitis labrusca grape varieties, especially the economically important Isabel cultivar, with over 80% of its production destined for table wine production. The objective of this study was to optimize and validate the conditions for extracting volatile compounds from wine with the solid-phase microextraction technique, using the response surface method. Based on the response surface analysis, it can be concluded that the central point values maximize the process of extracting volatile compounds from wine, i.e., an equilibrium time of 15 minutes, an extraction time of 35 minutes, and an extraction temperature of 30 °C. Esters were the most numerous compounds found under these extraction conditions, indicating that wines made from Isabel cultivar grapes are characterized by compounds that confer a fruity aroma; this finding corroborates the scientific literature.

Chemical and volatile composition of jujube wines fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with and without pulp contact and protease treatment

Abstract This study evaluated the chemical and volatile composition of jujube wines fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae A1.25 with and without pulp contact and protease treatment during fermentation. Yeast cell population, total reducing sugar and methanol contents had significant differences between nonextracted and extracted wine. The nonextracted wines had significantly higher concentrations of ethyl 9-hexadecenoate, ethyl palmitate and ethyl oleate than the extracted wines. Pulp contact also could enhance phenylethyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol, ethyl palmitat and ethyl oleate. Furthermore, protease treatment can accelerate the release of fusel oils. The first principal component separated the wine from the extracted juice without protease from other samples based on the higher concentrations of medium-chain fatty acids and medium-chain ethyl esters. Sensory evaluation showed pulp contact and protease could improve the intensity and complexity of wine aroma due to the increase of the assimilable nitrogen.

Rippi-lasten coetus kysymyxet, sittecuin he owat Jumalan kymmenen käskyin, ja mniden [sic] christin opin pääcappalitten selityxet läpitze käynet, lyhykäisten kysymysten ja wastausten canssa, toisesta uscon cappalesta, nijn myös, autuuden perustuxest, järjestyxest, ja wälicappaleista. Joihin myös muutamia muitakin kysymyxiä, synnin tundemisest ja oikiast catumuxest, sopiwaisesti sisälle temmatan, coetelda, jos he owat rippischoulusa jo opennet sen cuin heidän opeta tule; lasten opettamisesa edesmenneinä wuosina, ja erinomattain tänä wuonna rippischoulusa harjoteldut, caikille yxinkertaisille hywäxi neuwoxi, opetuxexi, ja muistutuxexi, mitä ennengin jo opetettu olis, yhteen wedetyt: jotca kysymyxet, ynnä rippilasten oman coetuxen canssa casten lijton rickomisest ja uudistuxest, Nousiaisten pappilasta on wuonna 1766 pränttijn andanut Abraham Achrenius

Arkit: A-B12.

Förteckning öfver aflidne theologiae professoren och ordens ledamoten d:r A. J. Lagi sterbhus tillhörige böcker, hvilka genom offentelig auction komma att försäljas i Helsingfors, vår-termin 1833

Imprimatur: J. M. af Tengström.

Förteckning öfver framlidne lagmannen och riddaren Jacob Snellmans efterlemnade boksamling, hvilken kommer att å allmän auction försäljas i Helsingfors, under loppet af vår-termin 1833

Imprimatur: F. Granbom.

Förteckning öfver framlidne erkebiskopen m. m. doct. Jac. Tengströms efterlemnade samling af böcker, chartor m. m., som på auction kommer att försäljas i Åbo den [ ] junii 1833

Imprimatur: Axel Gabr. Sjöström.

Förteckning öfver framlidne referendarie-secreteraren och riddaren A. J. Wasenii efterlemnade boksamling, som kommer att genom offentlig auction försäljas i Helsingfors, under loppet af höst-terminen år 1833

Imprimatur: F. Granbom.

Förteckning öfver böcker, tillhörige framledne kyrkoherden i Ingo, prosten Johan Åhmans sterbhus, hvilka komma att försäljas på offentelig auction i Helsingfors den [ ] 1833

Imprimatur: A. J. Wasenius.

Le Siècle (Paris. 1833)

Périodicité : Hebdomadaire

Arrêt du conseil d'état (par lequel le roi ordonne que les délibérations prises en conséquence de l'article VIII de l'arrêt de son conseil du 6 juillet 1766, par le chapitre général de la congrégation de Saint-Maur, seront exécutées, en ce qui concerne les monastères ci-dessous désignés.)

[Acte. 1767-04-03. Versailles]