720 resultados para Wakabayashi, Mel


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A new measurement of proton resonance scattering on Be-7 was performed tip to the center-of-mass energy of 6.7 MeV using the low-energy RI beam facility CRIB (CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator) at the Center for Nuclear Study of the University of Tokyo. The excitation function of Be-7 + p elastic scattering above 3.5 MeV was measured Successfully for the first time, providing important information about the resonance structure of the B-8 nucleus. The resonances are related to the reaction rate of Be-7(p.gamma)B-8. which is the key reaction in solar B-8 neutrino production. Evidence for the presence of two negative parity states is presented. One of them is a 2(-) state observed as a broad s-wave resonance, the existence of which had been questionable. Its possible effects on the determination of the astrophysical S-factor of Be-7(p.gamma)B-8 at solar energy are discussed. The other state had not been observed in previous measurements, and its spin and parity were determined as 1(-). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) copolymers (P(VAc-co-VA)) were synthesized by hydrolysis-alcoholysis of PVAc. The miscibility, crystallization, and morphology of poly(P-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and P(VAc-co-VA) blends were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy (OM), and SAXS. It is found that the P(VAc-co-VA)s with vinyl alcohol content of 9, 15, and 22 mol % will form a miscible phase with the amorphous part of PHB in the solution-cast samples. The melting-quenched samples of PHB/P(VAc-co-VA) blends with different vinyl alcohol content show different phase behavior. PHB and P(VAc-co-VA9) with low vinyl alcohol content (9% mel) will form a miscible blend in the melt state. PHB and P(VAc-co-VA15) with 15 mol % vinyl alcohol will not form miscible blends while PHB/P(VAc-co-VA15) blend with 20/80 composition will form a partially miscible blend in the melt state. PHB and P(VAc-co-VA22) with 22 mol % vinyl alcohol are not miscible in the whole composition range. The single glass transition temperature of the blends within the whole composition range suggests that PHB and P(VAc-co-VA9) are totally miscible in the melt. The crystallization kinetics was studied from the whole crystallization and spherulite growth for the miscible blends. The equilibrium melting point of PHB in the PHB/P(VAc-co-VA9) blends, which was obtained from DSC results using the Hoffman-Weeks equation, decreases with the increase in P(VAc-co-VA9) content. The negative value of the interaction parameter determined from the equilibrium melting point depression supports the miscibility between the components. The kinetics of spherulitic crystallization of PHB in the blends was analyzed according to nucleation theory in the temperature range studied in this work. The best fit of the data to the kinetic theory is obtained by employing WLF parameters and the equilibrium melting points obtained by DSC. The addition of P(VAc-co-VA) did not affect the crystalline structure of PHB, as shown by the WAXD results. The long periods of blends obtained from SAXS increase with the increase in P(VAc-co-VA) content. It indicates that the amorphous P(VAc-co-VA) was rejected to interlamellar phase corporating with the amorphous part of PHB.

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As abelhas melíferas efetuam numerosas e importantes atividades que favorecem a humanidade e, na agricultura familiar, contribuem para a sustentabilidade de sistemas de produção de base ecológica, favorecendo a polinização dos cultivos, a produção de mel, pólen e própolis para alimentação da família e a geração de novas fontes de renda. Na apicultura, a conservação dos favos contra o risco de ataque e destruição pelas traças-da-cera é assunto de interesse econômico e motivação de uma série de estratégias pelos apicultores. Com o objetivo de avaliar a possibilidade de uso de formulações comerciais de Bacillus thuringiensis como agente biológico de conservação natural de favos de cera de abelhas melíferas, foi testada a mortalidade de lagartas de Galleria mellonella a diferentes concentrações de B. thuringiensis e verificado o impacto destas concentrações sobre Apis mellifera africanizadas em fase larval. Testes foram conduzidos em laboratório com lagartas de G. mellonella e a campo com larvas de A. mellifera africanizadas, em delineamentos completamente casualizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, em concentrações próximas da dose de campo recomendada para o produto comercial à base de B. thuringiensis. Concluiu-se que a aplicação de B. thuringiensis nas maiores concentrações utilizadas apresenta efeito favorável ao controle de G. mellonella quando os favos são imersos no produto e que, porém, as mesmas concentrações apresentam efeito direto significativo sobre a mortalidade de larvas de A. mellifera.

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Morfologia da espigueta do sorgo; Suscetibilidade do progenitor feminino; Biologia do florescimento; Estadios da doenca; Formacao do estroma, Gota-de-mel, conidios e esclerocios; Ciclo da doenca e relacao patogeno-hospedeiro; Efeito dos exsudatos aderentes nas sementes; Disseminacao por insetos; Efeito de fertilizantes sobre a incidencia da doenca; Periodos latentes, de esporulacao e severidade; Identificacao de linhagens resistentes; Hospedeiros alternativos; Manejo integrado do Ergot.

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O mel e o código de ética. A ética na Embrapa. Código de ética da Embrapa. Princípios e valores fundamentais. Do relacionamento da Embrapa com seus empregados. Do relacionamento dos empregados com a Embrapa. Ética na pesquisa. Comissão de ética. Disposições gerais.

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Pesquisa e inovação agropecuária para o fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar; Tecnologias de baixo custo evitam desperdício de água; Agricultores viram produtores de água no Distrito Federal; Agricultura de Precisão pode reduzir uso de água nas culturas; Cultivo de alimentos nas entrelinhas viabiliza dendê na agricultura familiar; Pesquisa vai mapear castanhais nativos e caracterizar sistemas de produção da castanha-do-brasil; Projetos apoiam agricultores familiares em 45 municípios no Amazonas; Agricultura sustentável ultrapassa fronteiras amazônicas; Troca de saberes fortalece agricultura indígena; Quilombo Brotas implanta Unidade de Referência Agroecológica; Agricultores fazem manejo florestal participativo da araucária; Árvores trazem benefícios para a lavoura em assentamento no RJ; Sistema silvipastoril muda realidade em condomínio de famílias no Paraná; Sistemas agroflorestais proporcionam desenvolvimento e equilíbrio no meio rural; Sistema de cultivo de frutas, grãos e hortaliças é adotado no Cerrado; Material genético da Embrapa garante diversidade de fruteiras para o Brasil; Pesquisa testa fruticultura orgânica em larga escala; Produção de acerola muda realidade de agricultores; Técnica aumenta produção do açaí em até cinco vezes; Agricultores gaúchos aprovam variedade de bananeira; Caju lançado pela Embrapa produz mesmo em tempos de seca; Frutas nativas diversificam agricultura familiar do Sul; Híbridos de maracujazeiro azedo para geração de emprego e renda no campo; Maracujazeiro silvestre oferece quatro vantagens para o agricultor familiar; Plantio de morango orgânico mostra-se vantajoso em Sergipe; Pera, maçã e caqui: novos nichos da fruticultura no Nordeste; Sistema Agritempo ajuda a monitorar a plantação; Sistema online auxilia monitoramento da agricultura; Alimentos biofortificados são produzidos na Borda Oeste do Pantanal; Café conilon BRS Ouro Preto pode impulsionar competitividade da cafeicultura na Amazônia; Manejo integrado de pragas também é importante para o trigo; Controle biológico de pragas reduz uso de agrotóxicos; Conhecimento ajuda a mudar produção de hortaliças no Pará; Sistema integrado de produção de mudas de hortaliças beneficia agricultores no RJ; Projeto viabiliza mercado para produtos da agricultura familiar no interior de Minas Gerais; Minibibliotecas: a pesquisa mais perto do homem do campo; Sistemas de acesso aberto oferecem informações agropecuárias para diversos públicos; Parceria com rede de radialistas garante Prosa Rural no ar há mais de uma década; Prosa Rural apoia ações de transferência de tecnologia no Alto Sertão Sergipano; Conhecimento das Minibibliotecas chega a jovens agricultores de Rondônia; Transferência de tecnologias agrícolas nas Escolas Famílias Rurais do Amapá; Mandioca ajuda a diminuir pobreza no campo; Maniveiro, uma nova figura na cadeia produtiva da mandioca; Projeto agrega valor à produção de mandioca e aumenta renda no Maranhão; Inovações de baixo custo facilitam a vida do horticultor familiar; Novo equipamento vai facilitar trabalho de produtores de bananas; Estratégias participativas ajudam no desenvolvimento de comunidades rurais; Transição agroecológica na agricultura familiar da Amazônia; Partilha dos saberes agroecológicos em territórios sergipanos; Assentados adotam sistema agroflorestal no interior de SP; Técnicas sustentáveis são compartilhadas na Fazendinha Agroecológica; Ciência se alia ao conhecimento dos agricultores no norte de Minas; Programa busca expandir mercado para vitivinicultura de polos tradicionais; Do campus ao campo: pesquisadores para a agricultura familiar; Queijo coalho de qualidade oferece alternativa rentável para agricultores; Sustentabilidade dos vinhos artesanais une modernidade e tradição; Plano de inovação promove gestão participativa e dinamiza agricultura familiar; Instituições se articulam pela solução dos problemas da agricultura familiar em Goiás; Capacitação melhora bovinocultura leiteira no Tocantins; Adoção de tecnologias por pequenos produtores melhora produção leiteira; A Rede Leite no noroeste gaúcho: em busca da sustentabilidade da produção; Pesquisa participativa busca perspectivas para produção orgânica de leite em unidades familiares; Mel pantaneiro; Retratos da vitória na produção de mel; Apicultores dedicados conseguem regularidade na produção de mel; Software orienta produtores de ovinos no controle de verminose; Projeto Alto Camaquã agrega valor aos produtores e ao ambiente; Projetos incentivam maior produção de peixe no Tocantins; Tecnologias em suínos para produtores que apostam em diferenciação; Avaliação de condição do rebanho ganha tecnologia simples e precisa; Tecnologia permite usar água com alto teor de sal; Algodão em consórcios agroecológicos beneficia 400 famílias no Semiárido; Unidades de Aprendizagem Familiar aumentam produção de animais no Ceará; Barragem subterrânea e cisterna calçadão mudam vidas de famílias do Semiárido; Cisternas garantem água para o Semiárido; Agricultores melhoram estrutura de produção em áreas de fruteiras e hortaliças; Famílias encontram alternativas para aumentar produtividade de grãos e frutas; Quintais produtivos ampliam renda de agricultores; Sisteminha Embrapa leva segurança alimentar para famílias de Parnaíba (PI); Pesquisas na região Serrana do Rio de Janeiro propiciam geração de tecnologias; Projeto apoia produtos tradicionais da agricultura familiar nos estados da Bahia, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro.

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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas

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sermon text; MS Word document

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sermon text; MS Word document

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A procedure that uses fuzzy ARTMAP and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) categorizers to evaluate intrinsic and extrinsic speaker normalization methods is described. Each classifier is trained on preprocessed, or normalized, vowel tokens from about 30% of the speakers of the Peterson-Barney database, then tested on data from the remaining speakers. Intrinsic normalization methods included one nonscaled, four psychophysical scales (bark, bark with end-correction, mel, ERB), and three log scales, each tested on four different combinations of the fundamental (Fo) and the formants (F1 , F2, F3). For each scale and frequency combination, four extrinsic speaker adaptation schemes were tested: centroid subtraction across all frequencies (CS), centroid subtraction for each frequency (CSi), linear scale (LS), and linear transformation (LT). A total of 32 intrinsic and 128 extrinsic methods were thus compared. Fuzzy ARTMAP and K-NN showed similar trends, with K-NN performing somewhat better and fuzzy ARTMAP requiring about 1/10 as much memory. The optimal intrinsic normalization method was bark scale, or bark with end-correction, using the differences between all frequencies (Diff All). The order of performance for the extrinsic methods was LT, CSi, LS, and CS, with fuzzy AHTMAP performing best using bark scale with Diff All; and K-NN choosing psychophysical measures for all except CSi.

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Intrinsic and extrinsic speaker normalization methods are systematically compared using a neural network (fuzzy ARTMAP) and L1 and L2 K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) categorizers trained and tested on disjoint sets of speakers of the Peterson-Barney vowel database. Intrinsic methods include one nonscaled, four psychophysical scales (bark, bark with endcorrection, mel, ERB), and three log scales, each tested on four combinations of F0 , F1, F2, F3. Extrinsic methods include four speaker adaptation schemes, each combined with the 32 intrinsic methods: centroid subtraction across all frequencies (CS), centroid subtraction for each frequency (CSi), linear scale (LS), and linear transformation (LT). ARTMAP and KNN show similar trends, with K-NN performing better, but requiring about ten times as much memory. The optimal intrinsic normalization method is bark scale, or bark with endcorrection, using the differences between all frequencies (Diff All). The order of performance for the extrinsic methods is LT, CSi, LS, and CS, with fuzzy ARTMAP performing best using bark scale with Diff All; and K-NN choosing psychophysical measures for all except CSi.

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The geography of Irish traditional music is a complex, popular and largely unexplored element of the narrative of the tradition. Geographical concepts such as the region are recurrent in the discourse of Irish traditional music but regions and their processes are, for the most part, blurred or misunderstood. This thesis explores the geographical approach to the study of Irish traditional music focusing on the concept of the region and, in particular, the role of memory in the construction and diffusion of regional identities. This is a tripartite study considering people, place and music. Each of these elements impacts on our experience of the other. All societies have created music. Music is often associated with or derived from places. Some places construct or reinforce their identity through the music and musicians through which they are associated. The thesis challenges conventional discourse on regional styles that construct an imagined pattern of regions based on subtle musical differences that may, though are not always, shared by people in that region and focuses on the social networks through which the music is disseminated. The thesis also challenges the abandonment of regional styles and the concept of regions in understanding the complex geographies of Irish traditional music (Morton, 2001). It seeks to find a middle ground between discourse analysis, musical analysis, the experience of music and place, and the representation of music and place. The dissertation is divided into three parts. Part one considers the development of music geography, noting and critiquing the abandonment of useful paradigms in both geography and ethnomusicology in search of new ways of understanding. Of particular interest is the concept of the region but it also considers the study of landscape and the humanist approach in cultural geography. The second part focuses on the discourse and study of regions in Irish traditional music and the various agents and processes that shape the concept of the region in Irish traditional music. The final part presents a case study of the Sliabh Luachra region combining and applying the various perspectives and paradigms drawn from geographical, ethnomusicological and anthropological sources. It attempts to generate an understanding of Sliabh Luachra as a region in the Irish traditional music narrative that is based on a combination of musical, socio-cultural and locational/environmental factors.

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The enculturation of Irish traditional musicians involves informal, non-formal, and sometimes formal learning processes in a number of different settings, including traditional music sessions, workshops, festivals, and classes. Irish traditional musicians also learn directly from family, peers, and mentors and by using various forms of technology. Each experience contributes to the enculturation process in meaningful and complementary ways. The ethnographic research discussed in this dissertation suggests that within Irish traditional music culture, enculturation occurs most effectively when learners experience a multitude of learning practices. A variety of experiences insures that novices receive multiple opportunities for engagement and learning. If a learner finds one learning practice ineffective, there are other avenues of enculturation. This thesis explores the musical enculturation of Irish traditional musicians. It focuses on the process of becoming a musician by drawing on methodologies and theories from ethnomusicology, education, and Irish traditional music studies. Data was gathered through multiple ethnographic methodologies. Fieldwork based on participant-observation was carried out in a variety of learning contexts, including traditional music sessions, festivals, workshops, and weekly classes. Additionally, interviews with twenty accomplished Irish traditional musicians provide diverse narratives and firsthand insight into musical development and enculturation. These and other methodologies are discussed in Chapter 1. The three main chapters of the thesis explore various common learning experiences. Chapter 2 explores how Irish traditional musicians learn during social and musical interactions between peers, mentors, and family members, and focuses on live music-making which occurs in private homes, sessions, and concerts. These informal and non-formal learning experiences primarily take place outside of organizations and institutions. The interview data suggests these learning experiences are perhaps the most pervasive and influential in terms of musical enculturation. Chapter 3 discusses learning experience in more organized settings, such as traditional music classes, workshops, summer schools, and festivals. The role of organizations such as Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann and pipers’ clubs are discussed from the point of view of the learner. Many of the learning experiences explored in this chapter are informal, non-formal, and sometimes formal in nature, depending on the philosophy of the organization, institution, and individual teacher. The interview data and field observations indicate that learning in these contexts is common and plays a significant role in enculturation, particularly for traditional musicians who were born during and after the 1970s. Chapter 4 explores the ways Irish traditional musicians use technology, including written sources, phonography, videography, websites, and emerging technologies, during the enculturation process. Each type of technology presents different educational implications, and traditional musicians use these technologies in diverse ways and some more than others. For this, and other reasons, technology plays a complex role during the process of musical enculturation. Drawing on themes which emerge during Chapter 2, 3, and 4, the final chapter of this dissertation explores overarching patterns of enculturation within Irish traditional music culture. This ethnographic work suggests that longevity of participation and engagement in multiple learning and performance opportunities foster the enculturation of Irish traditional musicians. Through numerous and prolonged participation in music-making, novices become accustomed to and learn musical, social, and cultural behaviours. The final chapter also explores interconnections between learning experiences and also proposes directions for future research.

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The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a diverse ecosystem, and is colonised by a diverse array of bacteria, of which bifidobacteria are a significant component. Bifidobacteria are Gram-positive, saccharolytic, non-motile, non-sporulating, anaerobic, Y-shaped bacteria, which possess a high GC genome content. Certain bifidobacteria possess the ability to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from linoleic acid (LA) by a biochemical pathway that is hypothesised to be achieved via a linoleic isomerase. In Chapter two of this thesis it was found that the MCRA-specifying gene is not involved in CLA production in B. breve NCFB 2258, and that this gene specifies an oleate hydratase involved in the conversion of oleic acid into 10-hydroxystearic acid. Prebiotics are defined as non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon. Key to the development of such novel prebiotics is to understand which carbohydrates support growth of bifidobacteria and how such carbohydrates are metabolised. In Chapter 3 of this thesis we describe the identification and characterisation of two neighbouring gene clusters involved in the metabolism of raffinose-containing carbohydrates (plus related carbohydrate melibiose) and melezitose by Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003. The fourth chapter of this thesis describes the analysis of transcriptional regulation of the raf and mel clusters. In the final experimental chapter two putative rep genes, designated repA7017 and repB7017, are identified on the megaplasmid pBb7017 of B. breve JCM 7017, the first bifidobacterial megaplasmid to be reported. One of these, repA7017, was subjected to an in-depth characterisation. The work described in this thesis has resulted in an improved understanding of bifidobacterial fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism, Furthermore, attempts were made to develop novel genetic tools.