Higher macrophage superoxide anion production in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with Type D personality

BACKGROUND Type D personality (Type D) is an independent psychosocial risk factor for poor cardiac prognosis and increased mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the involved mechanisms are poorly understood. Macrophages play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis, the process underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated macrophage superoxide anion production in production in CAD patients with and without Type D. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 20 male CAD patients with Type D (M:66.7±9.9years) and 20 age-matched male CAD patients without Type D (M:67.7±8.5years). Type D was measured using the DS14 questionnaire with the two subscales 'negative affectivity' and 'social inhibition'. We assessed macrophage superoxide anion production using the WST-1 assay. All analyses were controlled for potential confounders. CAD patients with Type D showed higher superoxide anion production compared to CAD patients without Type D (F(1,38)=15.57, p<0.001). Complementary analyses using the Type D subscales 'negative affectivity' and 'social inhibition', and their interaction as continuous measures, showed that both Type D subscales (negative affectivity: (ß=0.48, p=0.002, R(2)=0.227); social inhibition: (ß=0.46, p=0.003, R(2)=0.208)) and their interaction (ß=0.36, p=0.022, R(2)=0.130) were associated with higher WST-1 reduction scores. Results remained significant when controlling for classical CVD risk factors (i.e. body mass index, mean arterial blood pressure), atherosclerosis severity (i.e. intima media thickness, presence of carotid plaques), and psychological factors (depressive symptom severity, chronic stress). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate higher macrophage superoxide anion production in CAD patients with Type D compared to those without Type D. This may suggest a mechanism contributing to increased morbidity and mortality in CAD patients with Type D.

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 660 - Berichte über die Arbeit des Instituts für Sozialforschung u.a. (p. IX 66-IX 77)

"American Jewish Committee. Progress Report of the Scientific Department" (22.6.1945), a) als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 27 Blatt, b) Typoskript, 28 Blatt; "Über Geschichte und Tätigkeiten des Instituts für Sozialforschung", Interview Leo Löwenthal - David Berger gesendet am 29.10.1947 (?) von Radio Newsreel, USA, deutsche Übersetzung, als Typoskript vervielfältigt, mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 19 Blatt; "Papers Regarding the Institute of Social Research" (August 1948), Abschriften aus verschiedenen Berichten und Briefen, Typoskript, 14 Blatt; P. Hübner: "Soziologie im Kampf gegen das Vorurteil. HICOG fördert Institut für Sozialforschung an Frankfurts Universität", veröffentlicht in: Neue Zeitung, Frankfurt (1950), Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen von Max Horkheimer, 3 Blatt; Theodor W. Adorno: "Plans of New Research Projects of the 'Institut für Sozialforschung'" (November 1950), Typoskript, 7 Blatt; "Memorandum über das Institut für Sozialforschung an der Universität Frankfurt/Main" (November 1950), a)-d) deutsche Fassung, 41 Blatt (mit Anlagen); e)-f) englische Fassung, 25 Blatt (mit Anlagen); "The Institute for Social Research, Oslo, Norway" (1950), Drucksache, 2 Blatt; "Report for UNESCO, Paris", Über das Institut für Sozialforschung (5.4. 1951), a) englische Fassung, Typoskript, 3 Blatt, b) deutscher Entwurf, Typoskript, 3 Blatt; Institut zur Förderung öffentlicher Angelegenheiten e.V., Frankfurt am Main: "3 Rundschreiben. Betreff: Clearingstelle zur Meinungsforschung (empirische Sozialforschung), Materialien zur Meinungsforschung, Institut für Sozialforschung an der Johann-Wolfgang Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt am Main" (16.4.1951), als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 4 Blatt; "Progress Report on the Institute of Social Research's Work at Frankfurt University" (10.2.1951), als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 2 Blatt; "Bericht über Geschichte und Tätigkeit des Instituts für Sozialforschung an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main" (1.7.1951), a) Typoskript, 3 Blatt, b) als Entwurf für ein Rundschreiben von Friedrich Pollock, Typoskript, 4 Blatt; Angaben über das Institut für Sozialforschung, Frankfurt, Antworten für einen Fragebogen (September 1951), Typoskript, 2 Blatt; "Memorandum über Arbeiten und die Organisation des Instituts" (Mai 1953), Typoskript, 4 Blatt;

Rómulo Betancourt, Juan D. Perón y el 17 de octubre de 1945

Rómulo Betancourt y Juan D. Perón lideraron movimientos políticos considerados génesis de la democracia de masas en sus respectivos países, jalonada por sendos mítines populares del 17 de octubre de 1945 en Caracas y Buenos Aires, cuyo significado fue realzado como causa del proceso político ulterior. Pese a las diferencias, se destacan algunas semejanzas, tales como el contenido popular de ambos movimientos y cierta base de sustentación castrense. Se incluye un marco explicativo del proceso político venezolano precedente pero, en lo sustancial, el análisis se centra en el breve periodo transcurrido entre finales de la Segunda Guerra y el inicio de la Guerra Fría, cuando se produjeron cambios políticos en Argentina y Venezuela con un gran protagonismo de ambos dirigentes en sus respectivos países y en las recíprocas intromisiones que llevaron a cabo, enfatizando la oposición expresa de Betancourt hacia Perón desde el golpe de Estado del 4 de junio de 1943.

Rómulo Betancourt, Juan D. Perón y el 17 de octubre de 1945

Rómulo Betancourt y Juan D. Perón lideraron movimientos políticos considerados génesis de la democracia de masas en sus respectivos países, jalonada por sendos mítines populares del 17 de octubre de 1945 en Caracas y Buenos Aires, cuyo significado fue realzado como causa del proceso político ulterior. Pese a las diferencias, se destacan algunas semejanzas, tales como el contenido popular de ambos movimientos y cierta base de sustentación castrense. Se incluye un marco explicativo del proceso político venezolano precedente pero, en lo sustancial, el análisis se centra en el breve periodo transcurrido entre finales de la Segunda Guerra y el inicio de la Guerra Fría, cuando se produjeron cambios políticos en Argentina y Venezuela con un gran protagonismo de ambos dirigentes en sus respectivos países y en las recíprocas intromisiones que llevaron a cabo, enfatizando la oposición expresa de Betancourt hacia Perón desde el golpe de Estado del 4 de junio de 1943.

Petrography, minerals and isotopic composition at DSDP Leg 66 Holes

We collected 20 carbonate nodules from the inner trench slope deposits of the Middle America Trench area off Mexico. Carbonate nodules are found only within the methane-rich layer beneath the mixed layer of methane and hydrogen sulfide. They have been investigated by microscopic, scanning electron microscopic (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and stable isotopic analytical methods. Calcite, magnesian calcite, dolomite, and rhodochrosite were recognized as carbonate minerals. Each carbonate nodule is usually represented by single species of carbonate minerals. Carbonate nodules are subdivided into micrite nodules and recrystallized nodules according to textural features. The carbonate crystallites in each micrite nodule are equidimensional. Their sizes range from several to 30 µm, as revealed by SEM micrographs. The chemical composition of calcite is changed from pure calcite to high magnesian calcite, as shown by the shift of the (104) reflection in X-ray diffraction patterns. Fe substitution for Ca in dolomite was also observed. Carbon isotopic composition shows an unusually wide range - from -42.9 to +13.5 per mil - in PDB scale, whereas oxygen isotopic compositions of almost all the carbonate nodules are constantly enriched in 18O from +3.4 to +7.60 per mil in PDB scale. These wide variations in carbon isotopic composition indicate several sources for the carbon in carbonate nodules. Carbon with a negative d13C value was derived from biochemical oxidation of methane with a negative d13C value. On the other hand, carbon with positive d13C value was probably formed during methane production in an anoxic condition.

Rómulo Betancourt, Juan D. Perón y el 17 de octubre de 1945

Rómulo Betancourt y Juan D. Perón lideraron movimientos políticos considerados génesis de la democracia de masas en sus respectivos países, jalonada por sendos mítines populares del 17 de octubre de 1945 en Caracas y Buenos Aires, cuyo significado fue realzado como causa del proceso político ulterior. Pese a las diferencias, se destacan algunas semejanzas, tales como el contenido popular de ambos movimientos y cierta base de sustentación castrense. Se incluye un marco explicativo del proceso político venezolano precedente pero, en lo sustancial, el análisis se centra en el breve periodo transcurrido entre finales de la Segunda Guerra y el inicio de la Guerra Fría, cuando se produjeron cambios políticos en Argentina y Venezuela con un gran protagonismo de ambos dirigentes en sus respectivos países y en las recíprocas intromisiones que llevaron a cabo, enfatizando la oposición expresa de Betancourt hacia Perón desde el golpe de Estado del 4 de junio de 1943.

(Table 1) Breeding parameters for 60 male Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) at station Dumont d'Urville (Antarctica) depending on treatment (control vs. CORT)

Corticosterone, the main stress hormone in birds, mediates resource allocation, allowing animals to adjust their physiology and behaviour to changes in the environment. Incubation is a time and energy-consuming phase of the avian reproductive cycle. It may be terminated prematurely, when the parents' energy stores are depleted or when environmental conditions are severe. In this study, the effects of experimentally elevated baseline corticosterone levels on the parental investment of incubating male Adelie penguins were investigated. Incubation duration and reproductive success of 60 penguins were recorded. The clutches of some birds were replaced by dummy eggs, which recorded egg temperatures and rotation rates, enabling a detailed investigation of incubation behaviour. Corticosterone levels of treated birds were 2.4-fold higher than those of controls 18 days post treatment. Exogenous corticosterone triggered nest desertion in 61% of the treated birds; consequently reducing reproductive success, indicating that corticosterone can reduce or disrupt parental investment. Regarding egg temperatures, hypothermic events became more frequent and more pronounced in treated birds, before these birds eventually abandoned their nest. The treatment also significantly decreased incubation temperatures by 1.3 °C and lengthened the incubation period by 2.1 days. However, the number of chicks at hatching was similar among successful nests, regardless of treatment. Weather conditions appeared to be particularly important in determining the extent to which corticosterone levels affected the behaviour of penguins, as treated penguins were more sensitive to severe weather conditions. This underlines the importance of considering the interactions of organisms with their environment in studies of animal behaviour and ecophysiology.