Ylilääkäri Pentti Miettinen 12/10 1966

Kirje

Influência da Violência as Relações Afectivas de Jovens e a Prevenção do HIV\SIDA.

A violência social a que os jovens estão expostos hoje em dia, ultrapassou os campos da justiça, tornando-se um problema de saúde pública. Nos últimos anos, a cidade da Praia assistiu a uma elevação progressiva dos índices de criminalidade entre os jovens. Entretanto há que considerar-se que o jovem delinquente acaba por ser, ele mesmo, vítima desta violência. Por outro lado, há indicativos de tendência à juvenilização das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em Cabo Verde, o que se constitui também em um problema de saúde pública. Considerando estes aspectos da realidade atual do pais, oobjectivo deste estudo é verificar se existeindícios de influência da violência social nas relações afectivas de jovens residentes nos bairros Eugénio Lima e Brasil na cidade de Praia, Cabo Verde.Para tanto realizou-se um estudo de caso nos citados bairrosnuma abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou para a coleta de dados realizada com24 jovens de 18 a 24 anos, umquestionário com enfoque sobre o estilo de vida, comportamento afetivo, experiência sexual e exposição à violência. Os resultados conseguidosnão apontaram indícios evidentes dainfluência da exposição à violência sobre as relações afetivas dos jovens e comportamentos de risco para o HIV/SIDA, apesar de revelarem uma percentagem elevada de comportamentos de risco desta infecção e uma exposição inequívoca e preocupante à violência nestes bairros.Todavia, abre precedentes para se fazer um estudo mais aprofundado, e apela também pela procura de causas em outros factores sociais e institucionais, como por exemplo, o uso precoce e exagerado de álcool e outras drogas, a submissão e a vulnerabilidade cultural e financeira da mulher, permitindo a sua passividade e “cumplicidade” em não usar o preservativo, a desvirtuação da informação sobre a soroprevalência pela possibilidade de subnotificação dos casos de VIH positivoe principalmente os modelos socioculturais em relação ao sexo.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 fitness is a determining factor in viral rebound and set point in chronic infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from 20 chronically infected patients who participated in a structured treatment interruption (STI) trial were studied to determine whether viral fitness influences reestablishment of viremia. Viruses derived from individuals who spontaneously controlled viremia had significantly lower in vitro replication capacities than viruses derived from individuals that did not control viremia after interruption of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and replication capacities correlated with pre-ART and post-STI viral set points. Of note, no clinically relevant improvement of viral loads upon STI occurred. Virus isolates from controlling and noncontrolling patients were indistinguishable in terms of coreceptor usage, genetic subtype, and sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies. In contrast, viruses from controlling patients exhibited increased sensitivity to inhibition by chemokines. Sensitivity to inhibition by RANTES correlated strongly with slower replication kinetics of the virus isolates, suggesting a marked dependency of these virus isolates on high coreceptor densities on the target cells. In summary, our data indicate that viral fitness is a driving factor in determining the magnitude of viral rebound and viral set point in chronic HIV-1 infection, and thus fitness should be considered as a parameter influencing the outcome of therapeutic intervention in chronic infection.

Sexual behaviour of men that consulted in medical outpatient clinics in Western Switzerland from 2005-2006: risk levels unknown to doctors?

BACKGROUND: To determine male outpatient attenders' sexual behaviours, expectations and experience of talking about their sexuality and sexual health needs with a doctor. METHODS: A survey was conducted among all male patients aged 18-70, recruited from the two main medical outpatient clinics in Lausanne, Switzerland, in 2005-2006. The anonymous self-administered questionnaire included questions on sexual behaviour, HIV/STI information needs, expectations and experiences regarding discussion of sexual matters with a doctor. RESULTS: The response rate was 53.0% (N = 1452). The mean age was 37.7 years. Overall, 13.4% of patients were defined as at STI risk--i.e. having not consistently used condoms with casual partners in the last 6 months, or with a paid partner during the last intercourse--regarding their sexual behaviour in the last year. 90.9% would have liked their physician to ask them questions concerning their sexual life; only 61.4% had ever had such a discussion. The multivariate analysis showed that patients at risk tended to have the following characteristics: recruited from the HIV testing clinic, lived alone, declared no religion, had a low level of education, felt uninformed about HIV/AIDS, were younger, had had concurrent sexual partners in the last 12 months. However they were not more likely to have discussed sexual matters with their doctor than patients not at risk. CONCLUSION: Recording the sexual history and advice on the prevention of the risks of STI should become routine practice for primary health care doctors.