Degradabilidade e digestibilidade de híbridos de milho em função do estádio de colheita, tamanho de partícula e processamento por meio do esmagamento na ensilagem

During the process of silage corn, should take into consideration some aspects that will result in better utilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and starch digestibility and in vitro dry matter (DM) of silage corn hybrids due two textures, three stages of harvest, three particle sizes and processing by crushing. After harvesting and chipping, part of the material was crushed and then ensiled and sealed for 45 days. After opening the silos, analyzed the degradability in the incubation time of 20 hours using the technique in situ macro bag. The experimental design was a randomized split plot. The DM degradability was influenced only by the effect of stages of sampling used. The degradability of CP showed interaction between processing and particle size (Tp), noting that increased degradation due to processing. For NDF degradation significant interaction of factors, hybrid and processing, similar to the degradation of starch. The IVDMD was influenced by the effects of hybrid, stadium, Tp and processing. It can be concluded that benefits were higher with the use of processing associated with more advanced stages of harvest, in larger particle sizes.

Estudo histomorfométrico do processo de cicatrização óssea em defeitos cirúrgicos de tamanho crítico em calvárias de ratos preenchidos com polímero de mamona

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the polymer histomorphometrically castor during the healing process of defects of critical size calvarial preparations in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty animals underwent a surgical procedure that was to be held in the calvaria of each animal a critical defect of 8 mm in diameter with a drill trephine. The rats were divided into two groups according to the following procedures: group C received no treatment and the bone defect site was filled with blood clot, group M, the bone defect was filled with castor oil polymer particles. The animals were sacrificed 180 days after the surgical procedures. After routine laboratory procedures the specimens were subjected to analysis histomorphometric. Results: In groups C the newly formed bone tissue was well developed, with adjacent areas of osteoid matrix rich in osteoblasts, and restricted to the vicinity of the edges of the defect. In animals of group M was observed newly formed lamellar bone tissue restricted to the vicinity of the defect edges and particles of polymer Castor distributed throughout the defect. There was a higher percentage of newly formed bone area was statistically significant in group C compared to animals in group M. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study can conclude that the castor oil polymer is biocompatible and had kept the area during the healing of critical size defects in surgically prepared rat calvariae

A proporção de plasma rico em plaquetas/enxerto ósseo autógeno pode influenciar o reparo ósseo de defeito de tamanho crítico: estudo radiográfico em calvária de ratos

Introduction: It has been suggested that bone grafts combined with platelet rich plasma (PRP) present greater density than bone grafts without PRP after healing process. However, this result may depend on proportion PRP/autogenous bone (AB) graft used. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze radiographically the influence of the proportion PRP/particulate autogenous bone (AB) graft on bone healing in surgically created criticalsize defects (CSD) in rat calvaria. Material and method: 50 rats were divided into 5 groups: C, AB, AB/PRP-50, AB/PRP-100 and AB/PRP-150. A 5 mm diameter CSD was created in the calvarium of each animal. In Group C the defect was filled by blood clot only. In Group AB the defect was filled with 0.01 mL of AB graft. In groups AB/ RP-50, AB/PRP-100 and AB/PRP-150 the defects were filled with 0.01 mL of AB graft combined with 50, 100 and 150 µL of PRP, respectively. All animals were euthanized at 30 days post-operative. Standardized radiographic images of the rat calvaria were obtained using Digora System (Soredex, Finland). The images were evaluated by three examiners using scores that indicated the percentage of radiopacity of the defect. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Result: Group C presented radiopacity significantly lower than groups AB, AB/PRP-50, AB/PRP-100 and AB/PRP-150. Group AB/PRP-50 showed radiopacity significantly greater than groups AB/PRP-100 and AB. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the proportion PRP/AB graft influences bone healing in CSD in rat calvaria.

Investimento materno em anfíbios anuros: a questão da variação no tamanho do ovo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Espectro de gotas e potencial de deriva de caldas contendo o herbicida 2,4-d amina em misturas em tanque

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

De Rilke Shake a Um útero é do tamanho de um punho: transformações na poesia de Angélica Freitas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desempenho de pontas de pulverização quanto a indução de ar nas gotas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Espectro de gotas gerado por diferentes adjuvantes e pontas de pulverização

The application technology shows many parameters related to the quality of the application, one is the droplet spectrum, which is influenced by the spray nozzles and the adjuvant used. Therefore, the objective of this work was estimate the behavior of the droplet spectrum generated with different nozzles and different adjuvants. The experiment was installed containing four solutions from different type adjuvant dilution, as vegetal oil, mineral oil, surfactant and drift reduction, which were applied with two nozzle, one pre-orifice flat fan (DG 8003 VS) and other of air induction flat fan (AI 8003 VS), totaling 8 treatments with 3 repetitions. The experiment was realized in ideal weather conditions for spraying. The treatments averages were compared using Confidence Interval at 95% probability and the correlations between variables were analyzed using Pearson at 5% of probability. The analysis of droplet spectrum showed different behavior for each adjuvant and nozzle. The surfactant treatment showed VMD superior for all treatments when sprayed with AI nozzles. For the %vol.<100 µm the lowest value found was for the AI nozzle in combination with the surfactant. The significant correlations found for the nozzles AI and DG were negative between VMD and %vol.<100 µm. It can be concluded that the values of DMV and %vol.<100 µm showed that the nozzle with pre-orifice have droplet spectrum more prone to drift. The surfactant showed to be the best drift reduction technique when combined with the AI nozzle.

Eficácia do flutriafol e do flutriafol + tiofanato metílico aplicados com gotas finas ou médias no controle da ferrugem asiática da soja

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fine and medium droplets in the performance of flutriafol and thiophanate methyl + flutriafol for the control of Asian Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow). The experiment was a 2 x 2 factorial design (2 droplet sizes x 2 fungicides) resulting in four treatments with six replications. The experimental area was set up with 24 plots (50 x 21 m). In each plot there was a central assessment area with 10 x 20 m. To the each plot there was a non-treated area placed in opposed direction to the wind. The evaluations of rust control were made by of the calculation of incidence (percentage of plants with rust), severity (level of infection), defoliations and soybean yield. The results were analyzed by the calculation of the confidence interval at 90%. The study was set up in curative control conditions with average infestation of 68.6%, average severity in the lower part of the canopy was of 35.9% and on the upper parte it was 4.57%. The results of severity, defoliation and productivity did not show statistical difference among the treatments. However, it was observed that in general there was tendency of better results with the application of flutriafol alone comparing with thiophanate methyl + flutriafol, since there was a small difference between two commercial products in the flutriafol active ingredient content (62.5 g ha-1 to the flutriafol alone and 60 g ha-1 to the thiophanate methyl + flutriafol). There was no statistical difference between fine and medium droplets. This fact can be explained by the characteristics of systemic action of the flutriafol and by the type of control made (curative). The flutriafol, being a systemic fungicide is less sensitive to the better coverage provided by the smaller droplets and, on the curative control, the amount of product deposited can became more import than coverage, mainly on the superior part of the leaves. These leaves are healthier than the inferior leaves that in general are the first to become completely compromised by the rust, losing importance to the plant. By this reason, medium droplets appear to have offered similar performance even not offering advantages in the leaf coverage. This fact may become important because in the practical side of the use of medium droplets, since this may increase the amount of time to spray, mainly because the fine and very fine droplets have more limitations related to drift and evaporation.

Condutividade elétrica de sementes de camomila em resposta ao tempo de embebição e tamanho da amostra

Electrical conductivity has been proposed as a rapid test to evaluate seed vigor; however, few researches have emphasized methodologies to its use in seeds of medicinal plants, such as chamomile. The objective of the research was to evaluate the electrical conductivity of chamomile seeds affected by different imbibition times and sample size. The evaluations consisted of moisture content, germination and vigor (first count of germination) to seed initial characterization. Then, it was evaluated the electrical conductivity, affected by imbibition time (6, 12, 24 e 48 hours) and seed amount per sample (25, 50, 75, 100). The completely randomized design was used with four replications, arranged as a 4 x 4 factorial. Means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. It was concluded that the electrical conductivity of chamomile seeds is affected by the number of seeds per sample and imbibition time isolately.

Tamanho de parcelas experimentais e seleção simultânea de caracteres em progênies de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito da quantidade de habitat, do tamanho do fragmento e da posição dos recursos sobre a frugivoria em ambientes fragmentados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito da quantidade de habitat, do tamanho do fragmento e da posição dos recursos sobre a frugivoria em ambientes fragmentados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Componentes sensoriais e atencionais do tempo de reação: efeitos do tamanho, excentricidade e previsibilidade de estímulos visuais

A percepção visual depende do arcabouço sensorial e do processamento atencional. Este trabalho estudou o efeito, sobre o tempo de reação manual (TR), do tamanho, excentricidade e previsibilidade de estímulos visuais. No experimento 1 (n=8), um alvo foi apresentado aleatoriamente em uma de quatro excentricidades diferentes, possuindo três possíveis tamanhos. O experimento 2 (n=12) apresentava configuração similar, porém uma pista indicava o quadrante de maior probabilidade (70%) de apresentação do alvo. Os resultados mostraram um aumento do TR em função da excentricidade do alvo, além de uma diminuição do TR com o aumento do tamanho do alvo e indicação correta da pista. Uma análise das interações sugere uma superposição de mecanismos atencionais e puramente sensoriais compartilhando um estágio comum do processamento visual.

Experiência inicial com a técnica de Pomerantzeff para redução do tamanho do átrio esquerdo gigante

INTRODUÇÃO: A mais comum indicação de correção cirúrgica de átrio esquerdo gigante está associada à insuficiência da valva mitral, com ou sem fibrilação atrial. Diversas técnicas para este fim já estão descritas com resultados variáveis. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a experiência inicial com a técnica da ressecção triangular tangencial (Pomerantzeff). MÉTODOS: De 2002 a 2010, quatro pacientes foram submetidos a operação da valva mitral com redução do volume do átrio esquerdo pela técnica da ressecção triangular tangencial em nosso serviço. Três pacientes eram do sexo feminino. A idade variou de 21 a 51 anos. Os quatro pacientes encontravam-se com fibrilação atrial. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo no pré-operatório variava de 38% a 62%. O diâmetro do átrio esquerdo variou de 78 a 140 mm. Após o tratamento da disfunção mitral, o átrio esquerdo foi reduzido por meio de ressecção triangular tangencial da sua parede posterior, entre as veias pulmonares, para evitar distorções anatômicas do anel mitral ou veias pulmonares, reduzindo a tensão na linha de sutura. RESULTADOS: Tempo médio de internação hospitalar foi de 21,5 ± 6,5 dias. O tempo de circulação extracorpórea médio foi de 130 ± 30 minutos. Não houve sangramento cirúrgico ou mortalidade no período pós-operatório. Todos os pacientes tiveram o ritmo sinusal restabelecido na saída de circulação extracorpórea, mantendo esse ritmo no pós-operatório. O diâmetro médio do átrio esquerdo foi reduzido em 50,5 ± 19,5%. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo melhorou em todas as pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados iniciais com essa técnica têm demonstrado redução efetiva do átrio esquerdo.