Avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa do colágeno total, tipo I e III da linha alba em pacientes portadores de hérnia da parede abdominal anterior

No presente trabalho foram colhidas amostras da aponeurose da linha alba abdominal de 26 pacientes com idades entre 26 e 75 anos, portadores de hérnias da parede abdominal anterior, para avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa do colágeno total, tipo I e III. Oito desses pacientes foram operados no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), quatro no Hospital Pompéia de Caxias do Sul (HP) e 14 na Clínica Particular do autor (CPA) em Caxias do Sul. Todos os pacientes eram portadores de hérnias da parede abdominal anterior, sendo seis casos de hérnias incisionais, 11 casos de hérnias umbilicais e sete casos de hérnias epigástricas, um caso com duas hérnias: incisional e epigástrica e um outro caso também com duas hérnias, sendo uma epigástrica e outra umbilical. As amostras foram retiradas na linha média da linha alba, três centímetros acima da cicatriz umbilical e outra a dois centímetros abaixo dessa cicatriz. Uma vez no laboratório, as amostras foram subdivididas em duas. Em uma delas realizou-se a avaliação quantitativa do colágeno total e na outra a avaliação qualitativa dos colágenos tipo I e III. A avaliação quantitativa foi realizada por meio da coloração com picrosirius e contagem das fibras colágenas em microscópio de luz polarizada e análise digital por birrefringência, tendo sido utilizado o aplicativo Image Pro Plus (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, USA). A avaliação qualitativa foi feita por meio da imuno-histoquímica, com a utilização de anticorpos monoclonais anticolágeno tipo I e III. Os achados obtidos nesses pacientes foram comparados com os achados obtidos em um grupo-controle de cadáveres não formolizados do Instituto Médico Legal de Caxias do Sul. No grupo-controle de cadáveres sem hérnias, foram realizados os mesmos estudos dos pacientes cirúrgicos portadores de hérnias, para avaliar as diferenças das quantidades de colágeno total, tipo I e III entre os dois grupos. Os resultados mostraram que as quantidades de colágeno total eram 18,05% menores nos pacientes com hérnias da parede anterior do abdome, quando comparados com o grupo-controle de cadáveres sem hérnias (p  0,05). Já as quantidades do colágeno tipo I foram 20,50% menores nos pacientes (p  0,05). O mesmo ocorreu com o colágeno tipo III que apresentou uma percentagem 7,3% menor nesses mesmos pacientes (p = 0,383).

Curva de crescimento e marcha de absorção de macronutrientes em três cultivares de amoreira (Morus alba L)

To evaluate the growth and pattern of nutrient absorption (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S amongst others) in three berry cultivars (treatments), four plants by treatment in different phonological stages were harvested. The experiment was arranged in randomized design of factorial 3x5 with three replicates. There cultivars were used FM Shima-Miura, IZ 56/4 and Miura and above ground biomass was harvested in five occasions 45, 60, 75, 90 and 115 days after plantation. It was observed that the accumulation of nutrients presented different pattern and cv. IZ 56/4 was superior compared with PM Shima-Miura for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S and N, P, K and S for Miura. For example, the accumulation of N expressed on mg plant"(1) per berry plant cultivar PM Shima-miura, IZ 56/4 and Miura was respectively 4,21; 8,14 and 5,56, for K 2,71; 5,22 and 2,64 and for Ca 2,47; 4,52 and 3,59.

Supercritical fluid extraction from Lippia alba: global yields, kinetic data, and extract chemical composition

In this work, experimental data for the system Lippia alba + CO2 is presented. The major constituents of the L. alba volatile oil are limonene and carvone. Thus, literature data for the systems limonene + CO2 and carvone + CO2, and the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) were used to select the operating temperature and pressure, which maximize the global yield in L. alba extract. Global yields were determined at 80, 100, and 120 bar and 40, 45, and 50 degrees C. L. alba extracts were also obtained by conventional processes (hydrodistillation, low-pressure ethanol extraction and Soxhlet ethanol). The chemical compositions of the extracts were determined by gas and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The secretor structures of L. alba were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after supercritical extraction. The largest yield (similar to 7%, mass of extract/mass of dry solid) of the CO2-extract was obtained at 318 K and 100 bar. The chemical compositions of the CO2-extracts were different from those of the extracts obtained by Soxhlet and low-pressure solvent extraction (LPSE) because of the co-extraction of heavy substances by ethanol. The operating conditions that maximized the carvone and limomene yields were 80 bar and 323 K (80 mass%) and 120 bar and 323 K (17 mass%), respectively. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

ANÁLISE DESCRITIVA QUANTITATIVA da AGUARDENTE DE CANA DURANTE O ENVELHECIMENTO em TONEL DE CARVALHO (Quercus alba L.)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mating system parameters at hierarchical levels of fruits, individuals and populations in the Brazilian insect-pollinated tropical tree, Tabebuia roseo-alba (Bignoniaceae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência do horário de colheita sobre o rendimento e composição do óleo essencial de erva-cidreira brasileira [Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br.]

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se o horário de colheita da erva-cidreira brasileira [Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br.], fenotipo carvona-limoneno, tem influência sobre a produção de massa foliar, rendimento e composição do óleo essencial. Foram avaliados cinco horários de colheita quando a cultura estava com 145 dias desde o transplante: 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 e 16:00 h com cinco repetições, distribuídos em blocos casualizados. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da FCA-UNESP/Botucatu no Setor de Horticultura do Departamento de Produção Vegetal. A colheita foi realizada a 15 cm da superfície do solo e o óleo essencial obtido através de hidrodestilação, em aparelho tipo Clevenger. Levou-se em consideração os fatores agronômicos e o rendimento obtido por hidrodestilação. O óleo essencial foi analisado em cromatógrafo gasoso acoplado a espectrômetro de massas (CG/EM). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Teste F) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Não houve diferença estatística para produção de massa foliar, teor de óleo essencial e produtividade de óleo essencial em massa fresca e seca. No entanto, entre os compostos majoritários do óleo essencial das folhas, carvona e limoneno, a melhor produtividade de carvona foi obtida às 10:00 h, em matéria fresca (2,050 L ha-1) e em matéria seca (2,068 L ha-1), e para o limoneno às 16:00 h, em matéria fresca (1,068 L ha-1) e em matéria seca (1,060 L ha-1).

Crescimento e desempenho de bertalha (Basella alba L.) em função do tipo de propagação

Malabar spinach is a non-conventional vegetable propagated mainly by seeds. This research evaluated the propagation by stem cuttings as an alternative method of propagation and verified its effect on growth of the vegetable. Plantlets propagated by seeds and stem cuttings were grown in greenhouse and their growth were evaluated in five successive intervals of 21 days each, with the first evaluation carried out 60 days after the transplanting. The results showed that the propagation methods have influence on the Malabar spinach growth. Plants propagated by seeds display slow, but vigorous growth, with larger relative yield of leaves and tender leaves, while plants propagated by cuttings showed fast initial growth, with rapid fruit formation. Thus, the propagation by cuttings is more suitable for seed production, while propagation by seeds is more profitable for leaves production.

Mobilisation of reserves during germination of seeds of Tabebuia roseo-alba (Bignoniaceae)

Tabebuia roseo-alba is a native Brazilian tree species with wide occurrence, particularly in semi-deciduous forest. The tree has lush flowering and is used in landscaping, arboriculture and for reforestation of dry and rocky soils. Its seeds are small, lightweight and winged, and are wind-dispersed. The objective of this study was to investigate the biochemical changes in T. roseo-alba seeds during germination. We determined the content of starch, structural polysaccharides, lipid and soluble protein, and analysed the proteins by SDS-PAGE. There was a rapid consumption of starch, structural polysaccharides, lipids and proteins during germination of T. roseo-alba seeds. The rapid mobilisation of protein during germination, was accompanied by the synthesis of high molecular mass proteins and degradation of low molecular mass proteins.

Ocorrência e diversidade de ácaros (Acari, Arachnida) associados a Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sand (Bignoniaceae), no município de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sistema reprodutivo do Ipê-Branco: Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridley) Sandwith (Bignoniaceae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Digestibilidade in vivo dos nutrientes de cultivares de amoreira (Morus alba L.) em caprinos

Este trabalho foi conduzido para avaliar a digestibilidade in vivo dos nutrientes dos cultivares de amoreira FM 86 e FM SM nas idades de crescimento de 45 e 90 dias. Foram utilizados 8 caprinos machos, da raça Saanen, com 6 meses de idade e peso vivo médio de 26kg. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 X 2 (2 cultivares de amoreira e 2 idades de crescimento). O coeficiente de digestibilidade da FDN do cultivar FM 86 (74,82 %) superou o cultivar FM SM (69,36 %), não ocorrendo diferença significativa entre as idades de crescimento. Ocorreu interação significativa entre cultivar e idade de crescimento para o Coeficiente de Digestibilidade da FDA, e o cultivar FM 86 na idade de 45 dias (75,09 %) superou a de 90 dias (68,82 %). Para os parâmetros NDT e oeficientes de digestibilidade da energia, MS e PB, verificou-se superioridade da idade de corte de 45 dias, sem diferença entre os cultivares. Concluiu-se que os cultivares FM 86 e FM SM apresentaram excelente valor energético e altos coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, da PB e dos constituintes da parede celular, indicando um elevado potencial da amoreira como forrageira para caprinos.

Biomass production and chemical composition of Lippia alba (Mill.) NEBr. ex Britt & Wilson in leaves on different plant parts in different seasons

Lippia alba, family Verbenaceae, is widely spread in Central and South American. It's a shurb with a quadrangular branch reaching 1,7m tall. The leaves are membranaceous, petiolate, pubescent with a strong flavor. It's limbs have variable forms with pointed apex, cuneiform or decumbent base, and serrated or crenated hordes. It was determined the best harvest season to biomass production, essential oil content and chemical composition, on different plant parts (apical, medium, basal). It has been observed that, both apical and medium parts represented around 80 % of the fresh leaf mass. The foliar biomass yields are about 5 ton/ha in four harvests during an year. The average yield of essential oil considering the three plant parts were 0.15%, 0.47%, 0.46%, 0.55% and 0.61% for summer/98, autumn/98, winter/98, spring/98 and summer/99, respectively. Essential oils showed similar chemical composition either in relation to seasonality, neral, geranial and t-cariofilene were the majority compounds.

Iridoid and seco-iridoid glucosides from Chioccoca alba (Rubiaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of Chioccoca alba afforded three new iridoids, alboside I, alboside II and alboside III, and a new seco-iridoid alboside V. Alboside IV showed moderate activity towards the DNA repair-deficient mutant RS321 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The structural elucidation of the new compounds was performed by ES-MS and by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of substrata on the development of stem cuttings of Lippia alba (Mill.) NEBR. - Limonene-carvone chemotype

Studies were conducted to show the effect of different substrata on the development of stem cuttings of Lippia alba made of limonene-carvone chemotype. The experiment was done in the College of Agronomical Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil in 2000. The cuttings were planted in polystyrene trays consisting of 72 cells. The cuttings had about 0.20 m of length and were put in the following substrata:Fine sand (T1), commercial substratum (T2), carbonised rice peel and local soil (T3), local soil, cow manure and carbonised rice peel (T4), vermiculite (T5), and carbonised rice peel (T6). After 40 days the development of stem cuttings were evaluated. High rate of rooting of stem cuttings was verified, with average of 95 10 and no significant difference between the treatments. In relation to dry mass of aerial parts and dry mass of roots, significant differences were found. For dry mass production of aerial parts the commercial substratum (T2) and the local soil, cow manure, carbonised rice peel (T4) were optimal. For mass of roots the local soil, cow manure, carbonised rice peel (T4) proved to be the best.

Anticoccidial effects of coumestans from Eclipta alba for sustainable control of Eimeria tenella parasitosis in poultry production

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticoccidial efficacy of a product containing coumestans from Eclipta alba. Experimental conditions were set up as to reproduce the environment conditions for husbandry adopted in commercial broiler farms. Broilers were raised in broiler chicken shed provided with feeders, drinkers, illumination and temperature control systems and floor covering to afford an adequate nourishing environment. Male Cobb broilers (240) were assigned to four experimental groups being each experimental group set apart in rice straw-covered shed isolated with wire mesh. One-day-old broilers were reared in a coccidian-free environment with ad libitum supply of filtered water and freely available standard feed, from the 1st to the 35th day of life. The T1 group received standard feed (negative control); T2 was treated with standard feed supplemented with 66 ppm of salinomycin (positive control); groups T3 and T4 had standard feed supplemented with the ethyl acetate fraction from methanolic extract of E. alba aerial parts, which contains the coumestans WL and DWL (120 and 180 ppm, respectively). The chicken broilers were individually infected with 2 x 104 oocysts of Eimeria tenella when they were 14 days old and were monitored weekly to evaluate zootechnical parameters such as weight gain and food conversion ratio. Counting of coccidial oocyst in chiken feces was assessed from random samples, from the 21st to 28th days of life, which corresponded to 7-14 days after the infection. Five chickens selected at random from each experimental group were subsequently euthanized at 21, 28 or 35 days of life to determine the lesion score in the cecal region and to excise a cecum portion for histopathological evaluation. The group treated with coumestans from E. alba presented an average weight gain and food conversion ratio higher than the negative control group and similar to the mean value of the positive control group. Coumestan-treated groups showed a significant decrease in the oocyst counting since the 21th day of life and displayed a reduced number of macroscopic lesions. Histopathological evaluations of cecum fragments showed that both treatments induced the migration of defense cells at the site of infection. A severe destruction of the cecal lining was found in the intestinal tract of broilers fed with a coumestans dose of 180 ppm. Overall, our results validate the use of a phytotherapy containing E. alba coumestans at a dose of 120 ppm as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent against avian coccidiosis. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.