Relationship between body image disturbance and incidence of depression: the SUN prospective cohort

[EN] Background: Body image disturbance is an increasing problem in Western societies and is associated with a number of mental health outcomes including anorexia, bulimia, body dysmorphia, and depression. The aim of this study was to assess the association between body image disturbance and the incidence of depression. Methods: This study included 10,286 participants from a dynamic prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates, who were followed-up for a median period of 4.2 years (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra – the SUN study). The key characteristic of the study is the permanently open recruitment that started in 1999. The baseline questionnaire included information about body mass index (BMI) and the nine figure schemes that were used to assess body size perception. These variables were grouped according to recommended classifications and the difference between BMI and body size perception was considered as a proxy of body image disturbance. A subject was classified as an incident case of depression if he/she was initially free of depression and reported a physician-made diagnosis of depression and/or the use of antidepressant medication in at least one of the follow-up questionnaires. The association between body image disturbance and the incidence of depression was estimated by calculating the multivariable adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) and its 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI), using logistic regression models. Results: The cumulative incidence of depression during follow-up in the cohort was 4.8%. Men who underestimated their body size had a high percentage of overweight and obesity (50.1% and 12.6%, respectively), whereas women who overestimated their body size had a high percentage of underweight (87.6%). The underestimation exhibited a negative association with the incidence of depression among women (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54 – 0.95), but this effect disappeared after adjusting for possible confounding variables. The proportion of participants who correctly perceived their body size was high (53.3%) and gross misperception was seldom found, with most cases selecting only one silhouette below (42.7%) or above (2.6%) their actual BMI. Conclusion: We found no association between body image disturbance and subsequent depression in a cohort of university graduates in Spain.

Factores dietéticos asociados a la calidad de vida en el proyecto SUN

Programa de doctorado: Salud pública (epidemiología, planificación y nutrición)

Ancient Calendars and Bolivian Modernity: Tiwanaku’s Gateway of the Sun, Arthur Posnansky, and the World Calendar Movement of the 1930s

Tourists to the archaeological site of Tiwanaku are presented with ancient calendars, of which the Gateway of the Sun is the most important, famous, and beautiful. Arthur Posnansky and other early 20th-century archaeologists claimed that its inscriptions constituted a written calendar. These claims were intimately connected to narratives of Tiwanaku as a central source of knowledge in both pre-Columbian times and the contemporary world. Posnansky presented his interpretation of Tiwanaku’s calendars as a response to the debates of the World Calendar Movement, which in the 1930s was attempting to rationalize the Gregorian calendar. In the Gateway, Posnansky found a uniquely Bolivian response to the international, North Atlantic-dominated scientific community’s search for a rational way to keep time in the world economy. Bolivian intellectuals merged their interest in the indigenous past with their concerns about the role of the modernist Bolivian state in the global system.

[Sun-tanned and still not healthy!]

We describe a case of a 10 years old girl, which presented to the emergency room with non-specific gastro-intestinal symptoms, fatigue and low blood pressure. The clinical signs and laboratory value supported the diagnosis of Addison crisis with hypovolaemic shock. The pathophysiology and the therapy of this entity are discussed. Importantly, in children the aetiology may differ depending on age and sex. Based on the family history of autoimmune disorders, in our patient presenting with autoimmune adrenalitis and celiac disease, the diagnosis of an autoimmune polyendocrinopathy was made. A therapy of mineralcorticoids and glucocorticoids was initiated and a special gluten-free diet was prescribed. On this treatment our patient recovered promptly.

Let the Sun Shine In: Open Government and the Public's Right-to-Know in Montana's 1972 Constitution - Mike Meloy "In the Crucible of Change"

Abstract to be posted.

Melan-a-positive "pseudomelanocytic nests": a pitfall in the histopathologic and immunohistochemical diagnosis of pigmented lesions on sun-damaged skin

We encountered recently 3 cases with a histopathologic diagnosis of melanoma in situ on sun-damaged skin (male = 2, female = 1; median age: 59 years; range: 52-60 years). The diagnosis was based mainly on the finding of actinic elastosis in the dermis and increased number of melanocytes in the epidermis and was confirmed by strong positivity for Melan-A in single cells and in small nests ("pseudomelanocytic nests"), located at the dermoepidermal junction. Indeed, examination of slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed the presence of marked hyperpigmentation and small nests of partially pigmented cells at the dermoepidermal junction, positive for Melan-A. The histologic and especially the immunohistochemical features were indistinguishable from those of melanoma in situ on chronic sun-damaged skin. In addition, a variably dense lichenoid inflammation was present. Clinicopathologic correlation, however, showed, in all patients, the presence of a lichenoid dermatitis (phototoxic reaction, 1 case; lichen planus pigmentosus, 1 case; and pigmented lichenoid keratosis, 1 case). Our cases clearly show the histopathologic pitfalls represented by lichenoid reactions on chronic sun-damaged skin. Immunohistochemical investigations, especially if performed with Melan-A alone, may lead to confusing and potentially disastrous results. The unexpected staining pattern of Melan-A in cases like ours raises concern about the utility of this antibody in the setting of a lichenoid tissue reaction on chronic sun-damaged skin. It should be underlined that pigmented lesions represent a paradigmatic example of how immunohistochemical results should be interpreted carefully and always in conjunction with histologic and clinical features.

Dust measurements in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko inbound to the Sun

Critical measurements for understanding accretion and the dust/gas ratio in the solar nebula, where planets were forming 4.5 billion years ago, are being obtained by the GIADA (Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator) experiment on the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft orbiting comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Between 3.6 and 3.4 astronomical units inbound, GIADA and OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System) detected 35 outflowing grains of mass 10(-10) to 10(-7) kilograms, and 48 grains of mass 10(-5) to 10(-2) kilograms, respectively. Combined with gas data from the MIRO (Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter) and ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis) instruments, we find a dust/gas mass ratio of 4 +/- 2 averaged over the sunlit nucleus surface. A cloud of larger grains also encircles the nucleus in bound orbits from the previous perihelion. The largest orbiting clumps are meter-sized, confirming the dust/gas ratio of 3 inferred at perihelion from models of dust comae and trails.

Política y militarismo : Sun Tzu y Engels

Los acontecimientos revolucionarios de 1848 fueron decisivos en los desarrollos conceptuales posteriores. La guerra, y la violencia, ocuparon un lugar central en el estudio detallado de sus reglas. Este trabajo intenta presentar algunos puntos nodales que intentan avanzar en la respuesta a esta pregunta: ¿Cabe la analogía de la guerra con la lucha de clases? En este sentido el trabajo se limita a señalar los ejes de este debate sobre la base de una relectura de dos clásicos. Sun Tzu y su Arte de la guerra, y varios textos de Engels. La hipótesis sostenida en el trabajo es que la lucha de clases, como momento político, encierra la posibilidad de la guerra sólo como un momento del antagonismo. El conocimiento de esas reglas potencia la capacidad de resolver de manera victoriosa el enfrentamiento, pero no es su contenido. Fijar el antagonismo como guerra es hacer de la lucha un militarismo que soslaya la construcción de una fuerza capaz de dar ese enfrentamiento directo. Intentaré mostrar cómo este debate señala puntos relevantes para entender las líneas políticas a finales de los sesenta en la Argentina

Política y militarismo : Sun Tzu y Engels

Los acontecimientos revolucionarios de 1848 fueron decisivos en los desarrollos conceptuales posteriores. La guerra, y la violencia, ocuparon un lugar central en el estudio detallado de sus reglas. Este trabajo intenta presentar algunos puntos nodales que intentan avanzar en la respuesta a esta pregunta: ¿Cabe la analogía de la guerra con la lucha de clases? En este sentido el trabajo se limita a señalar los ejes de este debate sobre la base de una relectura de dos clásicos. Sun Tzu y su Arte de la guerra, y varios textos de Engels. La hipótesis sostenida en el trabajo es que la lucha de clases, como momento político, encierra la posibilidad de la guerra sólo como un momento del antagonismo. El conocimiento de esas reglas potencia la capacidad de resolver de manera victoriosa el enfrentamiento, pero no es su contenido. Fijar el antagonismo como guerra es hacer de la lucha un militarismo que soslaya la construcción de una fuerza capaz de dar ese enfrentamiento directo. Intentaré mostrar cómo este debate señala puntos relevantes para entender las líneas políticas a finales de los sesenta en la Argentina

Política y militarismo : Sun Tzu y Engels

Los acontecimientos revolucionarios de 1848 fueron decisivos en los desarrollos conceptuales posteriores. La guerra, y la violencia, ocuparon un lugar central en el estudio detallado de sus reglas. Este trabajo intenta presentar algunos puntos nodales que intentan avanzar en la respuesta a esta pregunta: ¿Cabe la analogía de la guerra con la lucha de clases? En este sentido el trabajo se limita a señalar los ejes de este debate sobre la base de una relectura de dos clásicos. Sun Tzu y su Arte de la guerra, y varios textos de Engels. La hipótesis sostenida en el trabajo es que la lucha de clases, como momento político, encierra la posibilidad de la guerra sólo como un momento del antagonismo. El conocimiento de esas reglas potencia la capacidad de resolver de manera victoriosa el enfrentamiento, pero no es su contenido. Fijar el antagonismo como guerra es hacer de la lucha un militarismo que soslaya la construcción de una fuerza capaz de dar ese enfrentamiento directo. Intentaré mostrar cómo este debate señala puntos relevantes para entender las líneas políticas a finales de los sesenta en la Argentina