New karyologycal data and cytotaxonomic considerations on small mammals from Santa Virginia (Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Atlantic Forest, Brazil)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A new karyotype for the spiny rat Clyomys laticeps (Thomas, 1909) (Rodentia, Echimyidae) from Central Brazil

Clyomys Thomas, 1916 is a semifossorial rodent genus of spiny rats represented by only one species, C. laticeps, which inhabits the tropical savannas and grasslands of central Brazil and eastern Paraguay. Here we describe a new karyotype of C. laticeps found in populations of Emas National Park, Goias state, Brazil. The four analyzed specimens had a diploid number (2n) of 32 and a fundamental autosome number (FN) of 54. Cytogenetic data include conventional staining, CBG and GTG-banding. The karyotype presents 12 meta/submetacentric pairs (1 to 12) and 3 pairs of acrocentrics (13 to 15) with gradual decrease in size. The X chromosome is a medium submetacentric and the Y is a medium acrocentric. The semifossorial habits together with habitat specificity could have contributed to the karyological variations found on this genus.

Experimental Study on Friction between Saline Ice and Steel

Understanding the interaction of sea ice with offshore structures is of primary importance for the development of technology in cold climate regions. The rheological properties of sea ice (strength, creep, viscosity) as well as the roughness of the contact surface are the main factors influencing the type of interaction with a structure. A device was developed and designed and small scale laboratory experiments were carried out to study sea ice frictional interaction with steel material by means of a uniaxial compression rig. Sea-ice was artificially grown between a stainless steel piston (of circular cross section) and a hollow cylinder of the same material, coaxial to the former and of the same surface roughness. Three different values for the roughness were tested: 1.2, 10 and 30 μm Ry (maximum asperities height), chosen as representative values for typical surface conditions, from smooth to normally corroded steel. Creep tests (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.6 kN) were conducted at T = -10 ºC. By pushing the piston head towards the cylinder base, three different types of relative movement were observed: 1) the piston slid through the ice, 2) the piston slid through the ice and the ice slid on the surface of the outer cylinder, 3) the ice slid only on the cylinder surface. A cyclic stick-slip motion of the piston was detected with a representative frequency of 0.1 Hz. The ratio of the mean rate of axial displacement to the frequency of the stick-slip oscillations was found to be comparable to the roughness length (Sm). The roughness is the most influential parameter affecting the amplitude of the oscillations, while the load has a relevant influence on the their frequency. Guidelines for further investigations were recommended. Marco Nanetti - seloselo@virgilio.it

In Case of Emergency: Implementing Disaster Clauses in Publisher Contracts

Joanne Romano, Licensing and Serials Librarian for The Texas Medical Center Library, presented “In Case of Emergency--Implementing Disaster Clauses in Publisher Contracts” to the National Network of Libraries of Medicine/Southeastern/Atlantic Region’s Emergency Response and Preparedness Advisory Committee, (NN/LM-SE/A ERAC) on November 17, 2010, in St. Petersburg, FLA at the Marriott Vinoy Renaissance Resort. Included were slides of the devastation after the 8.8 magnitude earthquake in the Maule region of Chile, how The TMC Library assisted, lessons learned, and advice for how to include disaster clauses in publisher licenses. The NN/LM-SE/A ERAC group invited Ms. Romano to present at their bi-meeting after learning of her library’s key role from other NLM officers. As a result, Ms. Romano was then invited as a guest speaker on for NN/LM-SE/A region’s annual webinar, “Beyond the Sea”, which also included speakers from John Wiley & Sons, Inc., the publisher who worked with The TMC Library in providing emergency access to researchers at the University de Talca, Talca, Chile.

Das radikale Milieu in Russland vor 1917 als "imperiale Gegenelite"

Im Russischen Reich bildete sich ab den 1860er Jahren im Untergrund eine radikale Gegenelite heraus, welche die bisher geltenden Autoritäten, Konventionen und Werte in Frage stellte und durch etwas Besseres ersetzen wollte. In diesen Netzwerken fanden vor allem junge Menschen aus dem europäischen Teil des Russischen Reiches zusammen. Nationale Identitäten schienen sekundär. Russisch diente als Verständigungssprache. Entscheidend für die Aufnahme in diese Gegengesellschaft war einerseits die „persönliche Qualifikation“, andererseits eine gewisse schulische Bildung. Die verschiedensten radikalen Netzwerke können als Gesamtheit mit dem Begriff radikales Milieu gefasst werden. Dabei lehne ich mich an den Milieubegriff des Soziologen M. Rainer Lepsius an. Dieser definierte Milieus als „soziale Einheiten, die durch eine Koinzidenz mehrerer Strukturdimensionen […] gebildet werden.“ (Demokratie in Deutschland, 1993, 38). Die Strukturdimensionen des radikalen Milieus in Russland von den 1860er Jahren bis 1917 waren: a) Intellektuelle, meist „privilegierte“, städtische Mitglieder, b) Organisation in Zirkeln, c) eine Identität als Gegengesellschaft mit Gegenwerten, die eine Gegenrealität aufbaute sowie d) die Zugehörigkeit durch Kooptation. Obwohl sie den autokratischen Staat ablehnten, organisierten sich die Radikalen aber im imperialen Raum; ihre soziale Zusammensetzung spiegelte mit bestimmten Einschränkungen die ethnische und soziale Pluralität des Gesamtreiches wieder. In ihren autobiographischen Texten deuteten sich die Radikalen als „imperiale Gegenelite“. Dabei lässt sich auch ein Gefälle zwischen Zentrum und Peripherie feststellen: Die führenden Zirkel befanden sich meist in den grossen Städten des Reiches wie St. Petersburg, Moskau und Kiew oder im Exil und waren von dort aus gegenüber den Sympathisanten in den Provinzstädten oder gegenüber den Verbannten in Sibirien bei der Setzung interner Diskurse wegweisend.

Influence of credibility, warnings, and source-monitoring questions on the misinformation effect.

Introduction. Erroneous answers in studies on the misinformation effect (ME) can be reduced in different ways. In some studies, ME was reduced by SM questions, warnings, or a low credibility of the source of post-event information (PEI). Results are inconsistent, however. Of course, a participant can deliberately decide to refrain from reporting a critical item only when the difference between the original event and the PEI is distinguishable in principle. We were interested in the question to what extent the influence of erroneous information on a central aspect of the original event can be reduced by different means applied singly or in combination. Method. With a 2 (credibility; high vs. low) x 2 (warning; present vs. absent) between subjects design and an additional control group that received neither misinformation nor a warning (N = 116), we examined the above-mentioned factors’ influence on the ME. Participants viewed a short video of a robbery. The critical item suggested in the PEI was that the victim was given a kick by the perpetrator (which he was actually not). The memory test consisted of a two-forced-choice recognition test followed by a SM test. Results. To our surprise, neither a main effect of erroneous PEI nor a main effect of credibility was found. The error rates for the critical item in the control group (50%) as well as in the high (65%) and low (52%) credibility condition without warning did not significantly differ. A warning about possible misleading information in the PEI significantly reduced the influence of misinformation in both credibility conditions by 32-37%. Using a SM question significantly reduced the error rate too, but only in the high credibility no warning condition. Conclusion and Future Research. Our results show that, contrary to a warning or the use of a SM question, low source credibility did not reduce the ME. The most striking finding was, however, the absence of a main effect of erroneous PEI. Due to the high error rate in the control group, we suspect that the wrong answers might have been caused either by the response format (recognition test) or by autosuggestion possibly promoted by the high schema-consistency of the critical item. First results of a post-study in which we used open-ended questions before the recognition test support the former assumption. Results of a replication of this study using open-ended questions prior to the recognition test will be available by June.