Étude de transformations grammaticales pour l'entraînement de grammaires probabilistes hors-contexte

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

A study of the situations, features, and coping mechanisms experienced by Irish psychiatric nurses experiencing moral distress

Purpose: The purpose of this study was toinvestigate moral distress in Irish psychiatric nurses. Design: A qualitative descriptive methodology was used. Findings: The study confirmed the presence of moral distress and the situations that gave rise to moral distress within psychiatric nurses working in acute care settings. Practice Implications: The findings indicate that while multidisciplinary teams appear to function well on the surface, situations that give rise to moral distress are not always acknowledged or dealt with effectively. Furthermore, unresolved moral conflict impacts upon the quality of clinical decision-making by not allowing open and transparent discussions that allow clinicians the opportunity to address their concerns adequately.

Étude de transformations grammaticales pour l'entraînement de grammaires probabilistes hors-contexte

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Secure & Trusted Communication in Emergency Situations

In this paper we propose SETS, a protocol with main aim to provide secure and private communication during emergency situations. SETS achieves security of the exchanged information, attack resilience and user's privacy. In addition, SETS can be easily adapted for mobile devices, since field experimental results show the effectiveness of the protocol on actual smart-phone platforms.

Memory Bias for Anxiety Prior to Academic Achievement Situations: Influences of Time, Mood, Personality and Post-Event-Processing

The current thesis examines memory bias for state anxiety prior to academic achievement situations like writing an exam and giving a speech. The thesis relies on the reconstruction principle, which assumes that memories for past emotions are reconstructed rather than stored permanently and accurately. This makes them prone to memory bias, which is af-fected by several influencing factors. A major aim is to include four important influencing factors simultaneously. Early research on mood and emotional autobiographical memory found evidence for the existence of a propositional associative network (Bower, 1981; Col-lins & Loftus, 1975), leading to mood congruent recall. But empirical findings gave also strong evidence for the existence of mood incongruent recall for one’s own emotions, which was for example linked to mood regulation via mood repair (e.g. Clark & Isen, 1982), which seems to be associated to the personality traits extraversion and neuroticism (Lischetzke & Eid, 2006; Ng & Diener, 2009). Moreover, neuroticism and trait anxiety are related to rumination, which is seen as negative post-event-processing (e.g. Wells & Clark, 1997). Overall, the elapsed time since the emotional event happened should have an impact on recall of emotions. Following the affect infusion model by Robinson and Clore (2002a), the influence of personality on memory bias should increase over time. Therefore, three longitudinal studies were realized, using naturally occurring as well as laboratory settings. The used paradigm was equivalent in all studies. Subjects were asked about their actual state anxiety prior to an academic achievement situation. Directly after the situation, cur-rent mood and recall of former anxiety were assessed. The same procedure was repeated a few weeks later. Personality traits and post-event-processing were also assessed. The results suggest a need to have a differentiated view on predicting memory bias. Study 1 (N = 131) as well as study 3 (N = 53) found evidence for mood incongruent memory in the sense of mood repair and downward regulation as a function of personality. Rumination was found to cause stable overestimation of pre-event anxiety in study 2 (N = 141) as well as in study 3. Although the relevance of the influencing factors changed over time, an increasing relevance of personality could not consistently be observed. The tremendously different effects of the laboratory study 2 indicated that such settings are not appropriate to study current issues. Theoretical and psychotherapeutically relevant conclusions are drawn and several limitations are discussed.

Élaboration d'un protocole opérationnel d'entrevue visant à diagnostiquer les situations de non-insertion socioprofessionnelle.

La situation actuelle du marché du travail fait en sorte que de plus en plus de personnes nécessitent de l'aide pour leur insertion ou leur réinsertion socioprofessionnelle. Cette demande qui continue d'accroître exige beaucoup de la part des professionnelles ou professionnels engagés pour intervenir auprès de cette clientèle. Ces ressources souvent limitées en nombre et en temps, doivent être capable de faire une évaluation fiable et rapide afin de réaliser des interventions ajustées. Une équipe de recherche actuellement en cours, a conçu un outil permettant d'établir le diagnostic de l'état d'employabilité. Le défi de cette étude est de valider l'instrument à l'aide d'un autre test. Ceci nous mène au contexte du présent essai, qui sera décrit en première partie afin de situer le problème. En deuxième partie, nous présenterons l'ensemble des étapes qui a conduit à l'élaboration du protocole d'entrevue. La troisième partie sera consacrée à la vérification de la fiabilité de ce protocole. Enfin, quelques recommandations quant à son utilisation finaliseront le présent travail.

Élaboration et standardisation d'un test d'attitudes : le QACSS (Questionnaire sur les attributions causales en situations scolaires)

Croyant que la connaissance approfondie du style attributionnel des élèves inscrits au cégep pourrait être un pas de plus vers la connaissance des processus psycho-cognitifs de l'élève en situations d'apprentissage scolaire et également une piste d'intervention pour réduire les abandons et les échecs au collégial, nous avons élaboré et validé un questionnaire étudiant les attributions causales reliées à des situations scolaires, le QACSS. La présente recherche correspond à la première étape d'une étude portant sur le style attributionnel des cégépiens. Nous basant sur la théorie des attributions de Weiner et sur l'étude expérimentale de l'ASQ (Attributionnal Style Questionnaire) de Peterson et al. (1982), nous avons élaboré et procédé à l'expérimentation du QACSS auprès de 317 élèves de niveau collégial, inscrits dans divers programmes collégiaux, au secteur régulier. Nous présentons et analysons, dans ce rapport, les résultats obtenus lors de notre étude de validité et de fidélité et nous discutons des principales questions surgies lors de cette analyse. En conclusion, nous affirmons que le QACSS peut être considéré comme un outil fiable de la mesure des attributions causales reliées aux situations scolaires.

Perspectives de stagiaires et d'experts de l'enseignement secondaire sur des situations d'indiscipline

Le thème de cette recherche porte sur des perspectives de stagiaires et d'experts de l'enseignement secondaire sur des situations d'indiscipline. Nous avons d'abord élaboré un contexte théorique. À la lumière de Kounin (1970), Martin (1981), Charles (1981), Charles (1989) et Bournot-Trites (in Safty dir., 1990), nous avons retrouvé une description de huit modèles de discipline. Cependant, le contenu de ces écrits ne fournit pas suffisamment d'information afin de développer le thème de notre recherche. Inspirée par Brophy et Evertson (1976), Moskowitz et Hayman (1976), Saunders (1979), Johnson (1980), Ramsey (1981), Fitzpatrick (1981), Jones et Jones (1981), Me Daniel (1982), Gagné (1985), Melvin (1985), Schloss et Sedlack (1986), Doyle (1986) et Barton et Morrison (1988), nous avons recensé des caractéristiques des maîtres efficaces. Ainsi, la littérature des modèles de discipline et celle des caractéristiques des maîtres efficaces nous ont amenée à définir les objectifs de notre recherche. Cette recherche qualitative exploratoire nous a permis d'interviewer des participants, c'est-à-dire des stagiaires et des maîtres experts de différentes écoles secondaires. Dans un premier temps, nous avons construit notre instrument de recherche qui se définit par des mises en situation (trois situations d'indiscipline) accompagné d'un questionnaire. Cet instrument fut pré-expérimenté dans le but d'en vérifier la validité. Par la suite, cet instrument fut présenté aux participants de notre recherche. Il s'agit principalement de trois stagiaires et de trois maîtres experts. Le contenu des entrevues des participants nous a permis de concevoir un modèle d'analyse appelé un discipli-cube. Ce modèle tridimensionnel comporte des composantes (savoir, savoir-être, savoir-faire), des moments (avant, pendant, après ou indéterminé) et des situations d'indiscipline. C'est donc à partir du discipli-cube que nous avons classé les données des participants. Finalement, les résultats de cette recherche nous conduisent à prétendre que, face à une situation d'indiscipline, les stagiaires interviennent en ayant plutôt recours à leur savoir (connaissances) et avec l'intention de sévir vis-à-vis l'élève ou le groupe alors que les maîtres experts interviennent en se référant davantage au savoir-faire dans le but de fournir de l'aide à l'élève ou au groupe. Ils s'interrogent et prennent le temps de considérer globalement la situation problématique ce qu'omettent de faire les stagiaires. Cette recherche comporte des limites parce que la nature de cette recherche et en particulier la situation de simulation ne permettent pas d'inférer les résultats aux situations d'enseignement réelles.

Motivational factors for language learning classroom situations : the self-determination theory in practice

Tesis (Licenciado en Lenguas Castellana, Inglés y Francés).--Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias de La Educación. Licenciatura en Lengua Castellana, Inglés y Francés, 2014

French good practice guidelines for management of the risk of low back pain among workers exposed to manual material handling: Hierarchical strategy of risk assessment of work situations

International audience

Reasoning over knowledge-based generation of situations in context spaces to reduce food waste

With the ever-growing amount of connected sensors (IoT), making sense of sensed data becomes even more important. Pervasive computing is a key enabler for sustainable solutions, prominent examples are smart energy systems and decision support systems. A key feature of pervasive systems is situation awareness which allows a system to thoroughly understand its environment. It is based on external interpretation of data and thus relies on expert knowledge. Due to the distinct nature of situations in different domains and applications, the development of situation aware applications remains a complex process. This thesis is concerned with a general framework for situation awareness which simplifies the development of applications. It is based on the Situation Theory Ontology to provide a foundation for situation modelling which allows knowledge reuse. Concepts of the Situation Theory are mapped to the Context Space Theory which is used for situation reasoning. Situation Spaces in the Context Space are automatically generated with the defined knowledge. For the acquisition of sensor data, the IoT standards O-MI/O-DF are integrated into the framework. These allow a peer-to-peer data exchange between data publisher and the proposed framework and thus a platform independent subscription to sensed data. The framework is then applied for a use case to reduce food waste. The use case validates the applicability of the framework and furthermore serves as a showcase for a pervasive system contributing to the sustainability goals. Leading institutions, e.g. the United Nations, stress the need for a more resource efficient society and acknowledge the capability of ICT systems. The use case scenario is based on a smart neighbourhood in which the system recommends the most efficient use of food items through situation awareness to reduce food waste at consumption stage.

When Love Becomes Hate(?): The Interplay Between Consumer-Brand Relationships and Crisis Situations

This study had three purposes. First, it aimed to re-conceptualize organization-public relationships (OPRs) in public relations and crisis communication. This OPR re-conceptualization helps find out when the OPR buffering effect or the OPR love-becomes-hate effect happens. Second, it aimed to examine how consumer emotions are influenced by OPRs and influence consumer behavioral intentions. Third, it aimed to address the current problematic operationalization of the concept of consumer. Three pilot studies and one main study were conducted. Apple and Whole Foods were the two brands examined. One crisis that undermined the self-defining attributes shared between the brand and its consumers and another crisis that did not were examined for each brand. Almost 500 Apple consumers and 400 Whole Foods consumers provided usable questionnaires. This study had several major findings. First, non-identifying relationship and identifying relationship were different constructs. Moreover, trust, satisfaction, and commitment were not conceptually separate dimensions of OPRs. Second, the non-identifying relationships offered buffering effects by increasing positive attitudes and tempering anger and disappointment. The identifying relationships primarily offered the love-becomes-hate effects by increasing anger and disappointment. Third, if the crisis was relevant to consumers’ daily lives, brand response strategies were less effective at mitigating consumer negative reactions. Moreover, apology-compensation-reminder strategy was more effective compared to no-comment strategy. However, the apology-compensation-reminder strategy was no more effective than other strategies as long as brands compensate to the victims. Identifying relationships increased the effectiveness of response strategies. If the crisis did not undermine the self-defining attributes shared between consumers and brands, the response strategies worked even better. This study contributes to crisis communication research in multiple ways. First, it advances the OPR conceptualization by demonstrating that non-identifying relationship and identifying relationship are different concepts. More importantly, it advances the theory building of OPRs’ influences on crises by finding out when the buffering effect and the love-becomes-hate effect happen. Second, it adds to emotion research by demonstrating that strong OPRs can lead to negative emotions and positive emotions can have negative behavioral consequences on organizations. Third, the precise operationalization of the concept of consumer gives more insights about consumer reactions to crises.

A map of that part of Georgia occupied by the Cherokee Indians, taken from an actual survey made during the present year 1831, in pursuance of an act of the general assembly of the state : this interesting tract of country contains four millions three hundred & sixty six thousand five hundred & fifty four acres, many rich gold mines & many delightful situations & though in some parts mountainous, some of the richest land belonging to the state /

Relief shown by hachures.

The chess player / by George Walker; to which are added the three games played at one and the same time by Philidor; sixty openings, mates and situations, by W. S. Kenny, with remarks, anecdotes, &c. &c., and an explanation of the round chess board.

Mode of access: Internet.