Gérer un semainier a plusieurs chez un patient bénéficiaire de soins a domicile [Interprofessional pill box management in an ambulatory care setting].

Complex multimorbid patients are now more common in ambulatory care and the management of their medication more frequently needs interprofessional collaboration. This qualitative study explored health professional's main challenges when introducing, preparing and sharing the use of a pill box for a patient. Another objective of this study was to explore options for improving care in these situations.

Effectiveness of Pregabalin as Monotherapy or Combination Therapy for Neuropathic Pain in Patients Unresponsive to Previous Treatments in a Spanish Primary Care Setting

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Patients from a previous study of neuropathic pain (NP) in the Spanish primary care setting still had symptoms despite treatment. Subsequently, patients were treated as prescribed by their physician and followed up for 3 months. Since pregabalin has been shown to be effective in NP, including refractory cases, the objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of pregabalin therapy in patients with NP refractory to previous treatments. METHODS This was a post hoc analysis of pregabalin-naïve NP patients treated with pregabalin in a 3-month follow-up observational multicenter study to assess symptoms and satisfaction with treatment. Patients were evaluated with the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 questions (DN4), the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and the Treatment Satisfaction for Medication Questionnaire (SATMED-Q) overall satisfaction domain. RESULTS 1,670 patients (mean age 58 years, 59 % women), previously untreated or treated with ≥1 drug other than pregabalin, were treated with pregabalin (37 % on monotherapy). At 3 months, pain intensity and its interference with activities decreased by half (p < 0.0001), while the number of days with no or mild pain increased by a mean of 4.5 days (p < 0.0001). Treatment satisfaction increased twofold (p < 0.0001). Patients with a shorter history of pain and those with neuralgia and peripheral nerve compression syndrome (PCS) as etiologies had the highest proportion on monotherapy and showed the greatest improvements in pain-related parameters in their respective group categories. CONCLUSION Treatment with pregabalin (as monotherapy or combination therapy) provides benefits in pain and treatment satisfaction in patients with NP, including refractory cases. Shorter disease progression and neuralgia and PCS etiologies are favorable factors for pregabalin treatment response.

Transaortic Fallot repair in a grown-up patient: advantages in a situs inversus setting.

We present the case studies of two adult patients with tetralogy of Fallot who were scheduled for surgery. After addressing the right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, the aorta was opened and the ventricular septal defect was approached in a straightforward manner as it was located just under the overriding aortic valve. The second patient presented with was a situs inversus, dextroapex Fallot. In this setting, the aortic approach simplified the repair expeditiously. After 2 years, both patients are in New York Heart Association class I, with no residual ventricular septal defect, no aortic regurgitation, and complete relief of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

Evaluation of a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a nonendemic setting

The disappearance of lytic, protective antibodies (Abs) from the serum of patients with Chagas disease is accepted as a reliable indicator of parasitological cure. The efficiency of a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a purified, trypomastigote-derived glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucin antigen for the serologic detection of lytic Abs against Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated in a nonendemic setting using a panel of 92 positive and 58 negative human sera. The technique proved to be highly sensitive {100%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 96-100} and specific (98.3%; 95% CI = 90.7-99.7), with a kappa score of 0.99. Therefore, this assay can be used to detect active T. cruzi infection and to monitor trypanosomicidal treatment.

Nutrient patterns and their food sources in an International Study Setting: report from the EPIC study.

BACKGROUND Compared to food patterns, nutrient patterns have been rarely used particularly at international level. We studied, in the context of a multi-center study with heterogeneous data, the methodological challenges regarding pattern analyses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We identified nutrient patterns from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study and used 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR) data to validate and describe the nutrient patterns and their related food sources. Associations between lifestyle factors and the nutrient patterns were also examined. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on 23 nutrients derived from country-specific FFQ combining data from all EPIC centers (N = 477,312). Harmonized 24-HDRs available for a representative sample of the EPIC populations (N = 34,436) provided accurate mean group estimates of nutrients and foods by quintiles of pattern scores, presented graphically. An overall PCA combining all data captured a good proportion of the variance explained in each EPIC center. Four nutrient patterns were identified explaining 67% of the total variance: Principle component (PC) 1 was characterized by a high contribution of nutrients from plant food sources and a low contribution of nutrients from animal food sources; PC2 by a high contribution of micro-nutrients and proteins; PC3 was characterized by polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D; PC4 was characterized by calcium, proteins, riboflavin, and phosphorus. The nutrients with high loadings on a particular pattern as derived from country-specific FFQ also showed high deviations in their mean EPIC intakes by quintiles of pattern scores when estimated from 24-HDR. Center and energy intake explained most of the variability in pattern scores. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The use of 24-HDR enabled internal validation and facilitated the interpretation of the nutrient patterns derived from FFQs in term of food sources. These outcomes open research opportunities and perspectives of using nutrient patterns in future studies particularly at international level.

The use of rapid dengue diagnostic tests in a routine clinical setting in a dengue-endemic area of Colombia

There is insufficient evidence of the usefulness of dengue diagnostic tests under routine conditions. We sought to analyse how physicians are using dengue diagnostics to inform research and development. Subjects attending 14 health institutions in an endemic area of Colombia with either a clinical diagnosis of dengue or for whom a dengue test was ordered were included in the study. Patterns of test-use are described herein. Factors associated with the ordering of dengue diagnostic tests were identified using contingency tables, nonparametric tests and logistic regression. A total of 778 subjects were diagnosed with dengue by the treating physician, of whom 386 (49.5%) were tested for dengue. Another 491 dengue tests were ordered in subjects whose primary diagnosis was not dengue. Severe dengue classification [odds ratio (OR) 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-4.5], emergency consultation (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.4-2.5) and month of the year (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.7-5.5) were independently associated with ordering of dengue tests. Dengue tests were used both to rule in and rule out diagnosis. The latter use is not justified by the sensitivity of current rapid dengue diagnostic tests. Ordering of dengue tests appear to depend on a combination of factors, including physician and institutional preferences, as well as other patient and epidemiological factors.

Geological setting of the Guelb Moghrein Fe oxide-Cu-Au-Co mineralization, Akjoujt area, Mauritania

The Guelb Moghrein Fe oxide-Cu-Au-Co deposit is located at the western boundary of the West African craton in NW Mauritania. The wall rocks to the mineralization represent a meta-volcanosedimentary succession typical of Archaean greenstone belts. Two types of meta-volcanic rocks are distinguished: (1) volcanoclastic rocks of rhyodacite-dacite composition (Sainte Barbe volcanic unit), which form the stratigraphic base; (2) tholeiitic andesites-basalts (Akjoujt meta-basalt unit). The trace element signature of both types is characteristic of a volcanic arc setting. A small meta-pelitic division belongs to the Sainte Barbe volcanic unit. A meta-carbonate body, which contains the mineralization, forms a tectonic lens in the Akjoujt meta-basalt unit. It can be defined by the high X(mg) (=36) of Fe-Mg carbonate, the REE pattern and the delta(13)C values of -18 to -17 parts per thousand as a marine precipitate similar to Archaean banded iron formation (BIF). Additionally, small slices of Fe-Mg clinoamphibole-chlorite schist in the meta-carbonate show characteristics of marine shale. This assemblage, therefore, does not represent an alteration product, but represents an iron formation unit deposited on a continental shelf, which probably belongs to the Lembeitih Formation. The hydrothermal mineralization at 2492 Ma was contemporaneous with regional D(2) thrusting of the Sainte Barbe volcanic unit and imbrications of the meta-carbonate in the upper greenschist facies. This resulted in the formation of an ore breccia in the meta-carbonate, which is enriched in Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Bi, Mo, As and Au. Massive sulphide ore breccia contains up to 20 wt% Cu. The ore fluid was aqueous-carbonic in nature and either changed its composition from a Mg-rich oxidizing to an Fe-rich reducing fluid or the two fluid types mixed at the trap site. All lithologies at Guelb Moghrein were deformed by D(3) thrusting to the east in the lower greenschist facies. The mobility of REE in the retrogressed rocks explains the formation of a second generation of hydrothermal monazite, which was dated at c. 1742 Ma. Archaean rocks of the West African craton extend to the west to Guelb Moghrein. The active continental margin was deformed and mineralized in the Late Archaean-Early Proterozoic and again reactivated in the Mid-Proterozoic and Westphalian, showing that the western boundary of the craton was reactivated several times.

Identificação dos tipos de toque ocorridos no atendimento de enfermagem de um serviço ambulatorial

Este estudo foi realizado em um ambulatório de transplante de medula óssea. A amostra constituiu-se de 17 pacientes e 6 funcionárias. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de outubro à dezembro 1996, através de formulário, com decodificação de imagens filmadas, consulta de prontuários e de funcionárias. Os objetivos do estudo foram: identificar os tipos de toque e em que situações e regiões corpóreas ocorreram entre funcionárias e pacientes. Houve o predomínio do toque instrumental durante o atendimento, sendo mais freqüente durante o curativo de saída do cateter. As regiões mais tocadas foram a torácica e membros superiores.

Parada cardiorrespiratória na unidade de terapia intensiva: análise das ocorrências iatrogênicas durante o atendimento

Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo que utilizou a Técnica do Incidente Crítico para obtenção e análise dos dados. Foram entrevistados 103 profissionais de enfermagem de duas UTIs gerais de um hospital do Estado de São Paulo, os quais forneceram relatos de situações de PCR . Do total de 126 situações obtiveram-se: falha na realização de procedimento técnico (58,6%); problemas relacionados a recursos materiais e equipamentos (31,2%) e falta de coordenação das atividades (8,6%). Quanto as conseqüências encontrou-se o óbito (70%) e a sobrevida imediata (30%) dos pacientes. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de investimentos na capacitação dos profissionais da UTI, bem como a importância do provimento adequado de materiais e equipamentos, com vistas a minimizar as ocorrências iatrogênicas no decorrer do atendimento.

O atendimento do doente mental em pronto-socorro geral: sentimentos e ações dos membros da equipe de enfermagem

Estuda-se aqui o cotidiano de assistência ao doente mental apresentado pelos membros da equipe de enfermagem de um Pronto-Socorro Geral. Os objetivos foram descrever os sentimentos destes indivíduos em relação ao doente mental e seu atendimento naquele local e analisar como é oferecida esta assistência. A relação dinâmica entre pensar, sentir e agir, demonstrou que a maioria dos indivíduos estudados apresentava fortes concepções de senso comum. Os sentimentos variavam entre pena, medo e raiva, dependendo do tipo de comportamento apresentado pelos pacientes. O atendimento prestado foi quase exclusivamente voltado aos aspectos técnicos da profissão, em uma vertente organicista/biológica.

Infections nosocomiales en médecine ambulatoire: importance et prévention [Importance and prevention of nosocomial infections in the outpatient setting]

The concept of nosocomial infections (or healthcare-related infections) applies to the outpatients clinics. However, data are scarce and imprecise in this setting compared with hospitals. The choice of preventive measures is therefore difficult. A lower risk in the outpatient facilities does not justify the complete implementation of hospital precautions. The latter can nevertheless be adapted since infection may be acquired during an ambulatory consultation through the same mechanisms as in hospitals. We propose a preventive strategy derived from standard precautions to be applied in every case, transmission-based precautions that are more rarely needed, and asepsis in case of invasive procedure.

Pais e responsáveis do adolescente deprimido: buscando conhecer experiências que levaram à procura de atendimento especializado

Este estudo objetivou analisar os processos que levam os pais e responsáveis a perceber a doença depressiva nos filhos adolescentes e compreender a influência das crenças em saúde e dos hábitos culturais na procura de tratamento especializado. Utilizando o método de estudo de caso qualitativo, foram entrevistados quatro pais e responsáveis de adolescentes, com diagnóstico de depressão atendidos em um ambulatório de saúde mental de Campinas. Os dados foram interpretados por análise de conteúdo temático. Segundo os pressupostos teóricos do Modelo de Crenças em Saúde (MCS), foram criadas e discutidas as categorias: a percepção dos pais e responsáveis quanto à suscetibilidade à doença depressiva; a percepção dos pais e responsáveis quanto à severidade da doença depressiva; estímulo externo influenciando a busca de tratamento especializado; as barreiras e benefícios percebidos para busca de atendimento especializado; variáveis estruturais e sociais influenciando na busca de atendimento especializado.

Atendimento à população de rua em um Centro de Saúde Escola na cidade de São Paulo

O Centro de Saúde Escola Geraldo Honório de Paula Souza localiza-se na Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, atende à população do território adjacente e contribui para a formação acadêmica na área da saúde. Também oferece assistência aos moradores em situação de rua da região de Pinheiros/Lapa e conta com o trabalho do Programa A Gente na Rua, parceria entre o Centro Social Nossa Senhora do Bom Parto e Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Paulo. O Programa é composto por três agentes comunitários de saúde e uma enfermeira, que realizam atendimento e acompanhamento a essa população no Centro de Saúde com as enfermeiras da unidade. Os agentes abordam os moradores de rua que, posteriormente, serão acompanhados tanto na unidade como nas visitas de rua realizadas pelos próprios agentes e pela enfermeira do Programa, considerando os princípios de eqüidade e universalidade do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

Organização tecnológica do trabalho em um pronto atendimento e a autonomia do trabalhador de enfermagem

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a organização dos processos de trabalho em um serviço de pronto atendimento e a autonomia do trabalhador de enfermagem na prestação de cuidados ao usuário. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação livre por amostragem de tempo. O foco de observação foi o atendimento prestado aos usuários no serviço. Constatou-se que o processo de trabalho está organizado com a finalidade de tratar a queixa principal, tendo como ação nuclear a consulta médica. A organização tecnológica do trabalho coloca o médico como detentor de poder, seguido da enfermeira, nos seus espaços de poder e autonomia, que é pouco exercida pelos demais agentes. O trabalho da enfermagem é fundamental, perpassando todos os espaços de atendimento e interligando as ações, mas se caracteriza como um trabalho auxiliar das atividades do pronto atendimento.

Atendimento à mulher vítima de violência sexual: protocolo de assistência de Enfermagem

O Ministério da Saúde preconiza o atendimento integral e humanizado às mulheres vítimas de violência sexual. Teve-se por objetivo descrever o Protocolo de Enfermagem na Assistência às Mulheres Vítimas de Violência Sexual do Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, recentemente revisado. Para tanto, seguiram-se as etapas do processo de enfermagem e após a identificação dos principais diagnósticos da North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) foram determinadas as intervenções, com base em normas técnicas nacionais e internacionais. O protocolo atual engloba o atendimento imediato e tardio, o acompanhamento ambulatorial e as ações relacionadas à interrupção legal da gravidez decorrente do estupro. O protocolo de enfermagem tem proporcionado à cliente um atendimento integral e humanizado e à enfermeira, maior autonomia na sua área de atuação, favorecendo o trabalho colaborativo e interativo com a equipe multidisciplinar.