A les femelles de peix els agraden els mascles bisexuals

Un estudi sobre el comportament sexual d'un peix que viu en aigües tropicals mostra la gran varietat d'estratègies en el món animal per aconseguir copular

Dugesia sicula (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): the colonizing success of an asexual Planarian

Background Dugesia sicula is the only species of its genus not presenting an endemic or restricted distribution within the Mediterranean area. It mostly comprises fissiparous populations (asexual reproduction by body division and regeneration), most likely sexually sterile, and characterized by an extremely low genetic diversity interpreted as the consequence of a recent anthropic expansion. However, its fissiparous reproduction can result in an apparent lack of diversity within the species, since genetic variation within individuals can be as large as between them because most individuals within a population are clones. We have estimated haplotype and nucleotide diversity of cytochrome oxidase I within and among individuals along the species distribution of a broad sample of D. sicula, including asexual and the two only sexual populations known today; and predicted its potential distribution based on climatic variables. Our aim was to determine the centre of colonisation origin, whether the populations are recent, and whether the species is expanding. Results The species presents 3 most frequent haplotypes, differing in a maximum of 11 base pairs. As expected from their fissiparous mode of reproduction, in half of all the analysed localities many individuals have multiple heteroplasmic haplotypes. The distribution of haplotypes is not geographically structured; however, the distribution of haplotypes and heteroplasmic populations shows higher diversity in the central Mediterranean region. The potential distribution predicted by climatic variables based modelling shows a preference for coastal areas and fits well with the observed data. Conclusions The distribution and frequency of the most frequent haplotypes and the presence of heteroplasmic individuals allow us to gain an understanding of the recent history of the species, together with previous knowledge on its phylogenetic relationships and age: The species most probably originated in Africa and dispersed through the central Mediterranean. After one or multiple populations became triploid and fissiparous, the species colonized the Mediterranean basin, likely both by its own means and helped by human activities. Its present distribution practically fulfils its potential distribution as modelled with climatic variables. Its prevalence in coastal regions with higher water temperatures predicts a likely future expansion to northern and more interior areas following the increase in temperatures due to climate change.

Influence of Assisted Reproductive Techniques in the occurrence of weight discordance in twin gestations

Background:There is no actual evidence that the ART are directly related to the occurrence of weight discordance. In some studies, ART-­‐conceived twin pregnancies are at greater risk than non-­‐ART-­‐conceived ones for pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcome: the incidences of pregnancy-­‐induced hypertension, uterine bleeding, premature contractions, IUGR, fetal death, discordance, and cesarean section were significantly higher. Discordance rate was elevated (25.3% vs.17.0%) among ART twins, which can increase perinatal risk (increased incidence of SGA and NICU admission). Other studies say that perinatal and neonatal morbidity, gestational age at delivery, and birth weight are not affected by ART. Regarding the first trimester ultrasound, some studies didn’t notice significant differences in CRL disparity or birth weight discordance between spontaneous and ART-­‐ conceived dichorionic twin pregnancies. In ART-­‐conceived dichorionic twin pregnancies, CRL disparity may be associated with birth weight discordance. In some studies, CRL discordance in twin pregnancies in the first trimester was a frequent finding. Objectives: To analyze the association of the ART in the occurrence of weight discordance in the pregnancies between 2010 and 2013 in the Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, and to describe the proportion of diagnosis of growth discordance in the first trimester by the ultrasonography technology. Methods: A retrospective cohort study will be performed in those patients with twin pregnancies between 2010 and 2013, within the Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta (HUJT). A retrospective and descriptive study will be done in those cases with discordance weight in the moment of the birth, in which the CRL will be studied in the first trimester ultrasound, describing the percentage of discordance detected in that moment. The general characteristics of the sample are going to be analyzed by Logistic RegressionInfluenceof

Influence of Assisted Reproductive Techniques in the occurrence of weight discordance in twin gestations

Background:There is no actual evidence that the ART are directly related to the occurrence of weight discordance. In some studies, ART-­‐conceived twin pregnancies are at greater risk than non-­‐ART-­‐conceived ones for pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcome: the incidences of pregnancy-­‐induced hypertension, uterine bleeding, premature contractions, IUGR, fetal death, discordance, and cesarean section were significantly higher. Discordance rate was elevated (25.3% vs.17.0%) among ART twins, which can increase perinatal risk (increased incidence of SGA and NICU admission). Other studies say that perinatal and neonatal morbidity, gestational age at delivery, and birth weight are not affected by ART. Regarding the first trimester ultrasound, some studies didn’t notice significant differences in CRL disparity or birth weight discordance between spontaneous and ART-­‐ conceived dichorionic twin pregnancies. In ART-­‐conceived dichorionic twin pregnancies, CRL disparity may be associated with birth weight discordance. In some studies, CRL discordance in twin pregnancies in the first trimester was a frequent finding. Objectives: To analyze the association of the ART in the occurrence of weight discordance in the pregnancies between 2010 and 2013 in the Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, and to describe the proportion of diagnosis of growth discordance in the first trimester by the ultrasonography technology. Methods: A retrospective cohort study will be performed in those patients with twin pregnancies between 2010 and 2013, within the Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta (HUJT). A retrospective and descriptive study will be done in those cases with discordance weight in the moment of the birth, in which the CRL will be studied in the first trimester ultrasound, describing the percentage of discordance detected in that moment. The general characteristics of the sample are going to be analyzed by Logistic RegressionInfluenceof

XVIII Setmana de Cinema Formatiu. Recursos Humans i Cinema Formatiu

Reproducció digital del document original

Manual de gestión documental para el Ayuntamiento de León

En este trabajo se exponen las normas y procedimientos para la implantación en el Ayuntamiento de León de un sistema de gestión documental basado en la norma ISO 15489. Se desarrollan los conceptos básicos para la comprensión del manual, los tipos de documentos administrativos, el uso del lenguaje administrativo, los instrumentos, los diagramas, los formularios y la legislación para llevar a la práctica los sistemas de organización de fondos, clasificación, ordenación, valoración y descripción de documentos y los procesos de instalación, transferencias, régimen de acceso al documento, consultas, préstamos y reproducción de documentos en los archivos de gestión de las oficinas. Palabras clave: Sistema de gestión documental, ISO 15489, Ayuntamiento de León (España), organización de fondos, clasificación de documentos, ordenación de documentos, evaluación de documentos, descripción de documentos, archivos de gestión.

Influence of Assisted Reproductive Techniques in the occurrence of weight discordance in twin gestations

Background:There is no actual evidence that the ART are directly related to the occurrence of weight discordance. In some studies, ART-­‐conceived twin pregnancies are at greater risk than non-­‐ART-­‐conceived ones for pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcome: the incidences of pregnancy-­‐induced hypertension, uterine bleeding, premature contractions, IUGR, fetal death, discordance, and cesarean section were significantly higher. Discordance rate was elevated (25.3% vs.17.0%) among ART twins, which can increase perinatal risk (increased incidence of SGA and NICU admission). Other studies say that perinatal and neonatal morbidity, gestational age at delivery, and birth weight are not affected by ART. Regarding the first trimester ultrasound, some studies didn’t notice significant differences in CRL disparity or birth weight discordance between spontaneous and ART-­‐ conceived dichorionic twin pregnancies. In ART-­‐conceived dichorionic twin pregnancies, CRL disparity may be associated with birth weight discordance. In some studies, CRL discordance in twin pregnancies in the first trimester was a frequent finding. Objectives: To analyze the association of the ART in the occurrence of weight discordance in the pregnancies between 2010 and 2013 in the Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, and to describe the proportion of diagnosis of growth discordance in the first trimester by the ultrasonography technology. Methods: A retrospective cohort study will be performed in those patients with twin pregnancies between 2010 and 2013, within the Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta (HUJT). A retrospective and descriptive study will be done in those cases with discordance weight in the moment of the birth, in which the CRL will be studied in the first trimester ultrasound, describing the percentage of discordance detected in that moment. The general characteristics of the sample are going to be analyzed by Logistic RegressionInfluenceof

Grup d'Innovació Docent i d'Investigació en Comunicació Audiovisual (GID-CAV) (2013)

Presentació del Grup d'Innovació Docent Consolidat en les VII Trobada de Professorat de Ciències de la Salut. Barcelona. 30 gener – 1 febrer 2013

ZigBee/ZigBee PRO security assessment based on compromised cryptographic keys

Sensor networks have many applications in monitoring and controlling of environmental properties such as sound, acceleration, vibration and temperature. Due to limitedresources in computation capability, memory and energy, they are vulnerable to many kinds of attacks. The ZigBee specification based on the 802.15.4 standard, defines a set of layers specifically suited to sensor networks. These layers support secure messaging using symmetric cryptographic. This paper presents two different ways for grabbing the cryptographic key in ZigBee: remote attack and physical attack. It also surveys and categorizes some additional attacks which can be performed on ZigBee networks: eavesdropping, spoofing, replay and DoS attacks at different layers. From this analysis, it is shown that some vulnerabilities still in the existing security schema in ZigBee technology.

Electrochemical synthesis of mesoporous CoPt nanowires for methanol oxidation

A new electrochemical method to synthesize mesoporous nanowires of alloys has been developed. Electrochemical deposition in ionic liquid-in-water (IL/W) microemulsion has been successful to grow mesoporous CoPt nanowires in the interior of polycarbonate membranes. The viscosity of the medium was high, but it did not avoid the entrance of the microemulsion in the interior of the membrane"s channels. The structure of the IL/W microemulsions, with droplets of ionic liquid (4 nm average diameter) dispersed in CoPt aqueous solution, defined the structure of the nanowires, with pores of a few nanometers, because CoPt alloy deposited only from the aqueous component of the microemulsion. The electrodeposition in IL/W microemulsion allows obtaining mesoporous structures in which the small pores must correspond to the size of the droplets of the electrolytic aqueous component of the microemulsion. The IL main phase is like a template for the confined electrodeposition. The comparison of the electrocatalytic behaviours towards methanol oxidation of mesoporous and compact CoPt nanowires of the same composition, demonstrated the porosity of the material. For the same material mass, the CoPt mesoporous nanowires present a surface area 16 times greater than compact ones, and comparable to that observed for commercial carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles.

La introducción del delito de "atti persecutori" en el Código penal italiano: La tipificación del stalking en Italia

El presente estudio expone la regulación del nuevo delito de "atti persecutori" introducido en el Código Penal italiano. El Decreto Legge 11/2009, de 23 de febrero, convalidado por el Parlamento italiano mediante la Ley 28/2009, ha incluido un nuevo art. 612 bis al CP italiano. Con la inclusión de dicho delito entre los que protegen la libertad del individuo Italia se incorpora a la corriente político-criminal que propugna la criminalización del stalking. La incriminación de dichas conductas de acoso constituye una orientación iniciada en Estados Unidos a principios de los 90, que ha colonizado otros países del Common Law y que finalmente ha llegado a la Europa continental. En este trabajo se analizan básicamente los elementos del tipo del nuevo delito italiano. Sin embargo, no se deja de atender ni a la previa conceptuación de este fenómeno ni a otras medidas protectoras de la víctima del stalking que se incorporan al ordenamiento italiano mediante la presente Ley.

El maltrato singular cualificado por razon de género. Debate acerca de su constitucionalidad

En la presente aportación se analiza la prosperabilidad de las cuestiones de inconstitucionalidad que en la fecha de publicación del artículo penden ante el Tribunal Constit ucional en referencia al art. 153.1 CP. Con la aprobación de la Ley Orgánica de medidas de protecció integral contra la violencia de género se incluyó en el referido precepto del texto punitivo un tipo cualificado de maltrato singular u ocasional cuando el sujeto pasivo sea esposa o ex-esposa, pareja o ex-pareja, aun sin convivencia, del maltratador, entre otros supuestos agravados. La inclusión de un delito en que tanto el sexo del sujeto pasivo como el del activo se hallan más o menos explicitados ha enerado el planteamiento de un rosario de cuestiones de inconstitucionalidad por parte de distintos órganos jurisdiccionales que están pendientes de resolución ante el Tribunal Constitucional. Dichas cuestiones plantean la posible inconstitucionalidad del art. 153.1 CP sobre la base de su posible contradicción con los arts. 10, 14 y 24.2 CP. En este trabajo se pretende salvar la constitucionalidad del precepto, sobre la base de los postulados del principio de conservación de las normas, con ayuda de una exégesis restrictiva del tipo.

Actitud de los docentes respecto al mediador y la necesidad de formación en educación intercultural

En Cataluña, en los últimos años, han ido proliferando una serie de «profesionales» que realizan, con más o menos adecuación a la definición teórica, la función de mediadores interculturales. Primeramente se trataba de gitanos, pero recientemente, fruto del incremento de la presencia de niños de origen inmigrante en las escuelas catalanas, se ha visto crecer el número y el protagonismo de los extranjeros por el reconocimiento que se les ha otorgado desde la administración y las instituciones. Al ser una práctica nueva está aún llena de interrogantes, pero al notar que no se está produciendo paralelamente una reflexión y clarificación de sus fundamentos nos parecía un momento pertinente para examinar su desarrollo, por ello hemos realizado una encuesta al profesorado de enseñanza obligatoria (n=740) que nos han proporcionado su percepción.

La figura del mediador intercultural en Cataluña: la visión del colectivo formador

La aproximación al tipo de mediación intercultural que se está llevando a cabo en Cataluña en este momento en el ámbito educativo -y su desarrollo futuro- se concreta y se dibuja en la diversidad de respuestas y de enfoques que aparecen del mismo término. Hemos intentado poner en común la reflexión y el debate sobre cuál sería la figura ideal y real del mediador intercultural. Con esta finalidad se han realizado 17 entrevistas a todos los coordinadores y formadores en ejercicio.

Los docentes de Cataluña y el recurso del mediador intercultural

En Cataluña, en los últimos años, han ido proliferando una serie de "profesionales" que realizan, con más o menos adecuación a la definición teórica, la función de mediadores interculturales. Primeramente se trataba de gitanos, pero recientemente, fruto del incremento de la presencia de niños de origen inmigrante en las escuelas catalanas, se ha visto crecer el número y el protagonismo de los extranjeros por el reconocimiento que se les ha otorgado desde la administración y las instituciones. Al ser una práctica nueva está aún llena de interrogantes, pero al notar que no se está produciendo paralelamente una reflexión y clarificación de sus fundamentos nos parece que es un momento pertinente para examinar su desarrollo. Por ello hemos realizado una encuesta al profesorado de enseñanza obligatoria (n=740), que nos han proporcionado su percepción sobre la figura del mediador.