La enigmática figura matemática del reverso del billete de 10.000 pesetas.

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North Sea archaeologies: a maritime biography, 10,000 BC - AD 1500

North Sea Archaeologies traces the way people engaged with the North Sea from the end of the last ice age, around 10,000 BC, to the close of the Middle Ages, about AD 1500, drawing upon archaeological research from many countries, including the UK, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, and France. It addresses topics which include the first interactions of people with the emerging North Sea, the origin and development of fishing, the creation of coastal landscapes, the importance of islands and archipelagos, the development of seafaring ships and their use by early seafarers and pirates, and the treatment of boats and ships at the end of their useful lives. The study offers a ‘maritime turn’ in Archaeology through the investigation of aspects of human behaviour that have been, to various extents, disregarded, overlooked, or ignored in archaeological studies of the land. The study concludes that the relationship between humans and the sea challenges the frequently invoked dichotomy between pre-modernity and modernity, since many ancient beliefs, superstitions, and practices linked to seafaring and engagement with the sea are still widespread in the modern era.

Simple measures of climate, soil properties and plant traits predict national scale grassland soil carbon stocks

1. Soil carbon (C) storage is a key ecosystem service. Soil C stocks play a vital role in soil fertility and climate regulation, but the factors that control these stocks at regional and national scales are unknown, particularly when their composition and stability are considered. As a result, their mapping relies on either unreliable proxy measures or laborious direct measurements. 2. Using data from an extensive national survey of English grasslands we show that surface soil (0-7cm) C stocks in size fractions of varying stability can be predicted at both regional and national scales from plant traits and simple measures of soil and climatic conditions. 3. Soil C stocks in the largest pool, of intermediate particle size (50-250 µm), were best explained by mean annual temperature (MAT), soil pH and soil moisture content. The second largest C pool, highly stable physically and biochemically protected particles (0.45-50 µm), was explained by soil pH and the community abundance weighted mean (CWM) leaf nitrogen (N) content, with the highest soil C stocks under N rich vegetation. The C stock in the small active fraction (250-4000 µm) was explained by a wide range of variables: MAT, mean annual precipitation, mean growing season length, soil pH and CWM specific leaf area; stocks were higher under vegetation with thick and/or dense leaves. 4. Testing the models describing these fractions against data from an independent English region indicated moderately strong correlation between predicted and actual values and no systematic bias, with the exception of the active fraction, for which predictions were inaccurate. 5. Synthesis and Applications: Validation indicates that readily available climate, soils and plant survey data can be effective in making local- to landscape-scale (1-100,000 km2) soil C stock predictions. Such predictions are a crucial component of effective management strategies to protect C stocks and enhance soil C sequestration.

Oferta educacional e parceria com o setor privado: um perfil dos municípios paulistas com até 10.000 habitantes

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Análise integrada aplicada ao mapeamento geológico-geotécnico na escala de 1:20.000 da estrada de Castelhanos, Ilhabela - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Performance Analysis of 10,000 Residential PV Systems in France and Belgium

The main objective of this paper is to review the state of the art of residential PV systems in France and Belgium. This is done analyzing the operational data of 10650 PV systems (9657 located in France and 993 in Belgium). Three main questions are posed. How much energy do they produce? What level of performance is associated to their production? Which are the key parameters that most influence their quality? During the year 2010, the PV systems in France have produced a mean annual energy of 1163 kWh/kWp in France and 852 kWh/kWp in Belgium. As a whole, the orientation of PV generators causes energy productions to be some 7% inferior to optimally oriented PV systems. The mean Performance Ratio is 76% in France and 78% in Belgium, and the mean Performance Index is 85% in both countries. On average, the real power of the PV modules falls 4.9% below its corresponding nominal power announced on the manufacturer?s datasheet. A brief analysis by PV modules technology has lead to relevant observations about two technologies in particular. On the one hand, the PV systems equipped with Heterojunction with Intrinsic. Thin layer (HIT) modules show performances higher than average. On the other hand, the systems equipped with Copper Indium (di)Selenide (CIS) modules show a real power that is 16 % lower than their nominal value.

Producción BCN200 : desarrollo del proceso de obtención de la base cartográfica nacional a escala 1:200.000 : detección, edición y resolución de conflictos cartográficos en la representación a escala.

Los objetivos propios del proyecto propuesto se centran en describir las fases necesarias del proceso de producción de la Base Cartográfica Nacional a escala 1:200.000, cuyo producto final es plasmado en un mapa cartográfico concreto; Mapa Provincial con la misma escala. Todas las tareas esenciales para su elaboración se realizan de acuerdo a la finalidad principal que persigue la creación de un mapa, que es la representación clara y concisa de los elementos geográficos que definen una extensión de territorio. Se pone de manifiesto las normas y reglas específicas que son necesarias para dicha producción, atendiendo las condiciones que presenta el modelo de la base de datos concreta, compuesto por la información válida con carácter oficial, ya que debe estar registrada por las instituciones del Estado, de forma que el conjunto de información sea la más adecuada a la realidad objetiva. Se siguen aquellas pautas referentes a la captura de los datos que componen dicho modelo, teniendo en cuenta la escala cartográfica a la que se representan y ciertas condiciones geométricas. Así como aquellas normas que guían los procesos de controles de calidad y generalización de la información geográfica. También, se establecen de forma fija la serie de estilos de representación de las geometrías componen el mapa, y la simbología utilizada para identificar las entidades definidas mediante elementos puntuales. Las reglas principales descritas son las concernientes a la edición de los conflictos cartográficos producidos a la hora de representar los datos reales. La BCN200 se crea con la finalidad principal de recopilar toda la información cartográfica que define el aspecto y el conjunto de detalles, tanto geográficos y naturales, como aquellos aportados por las construcciones realizadas por el ser humano, de la superficie terrestre que abarca el territorio nacional, con la finalidad de facilitar el desarrollo de tareas semiautomáticas para obtener una producción de diversas elaboraciones cartográficas, digitales o impresas.

Hamburg Region, Germany, 1878 (Image 1 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: [Topographische Karte 1:25 000] : Hamburg (1029). It was published by Konig[liche] Preuss[ische] Landes-Aufnahme in 1878. Scale 1:25,000. This layer is image 1 of 4 total images of the four sheet source map, representing the southwest portion of the map. Covers the Hamburg region, Germany. Map in German.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz (DHDN) 3-degree Gauss-Kruger Zone 3 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, ground cover, gardens, docks, wharves, and more. Relief shown by contours and spot heights. Depths shown by soundings.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Boston, Massachusetts Region, Digital Elevation Model with Bathymetry

This raster layer represents surface elevation and bathymetry data for the Boston Region, Massachusetts. It was created by merging portions of MassGIS Digital Elevation Model 1:5,000 (2005) data with NOAA Estuarine Bathymetric Digital Elevation Models (30 m.) (1998). DEM data was derived from the digital terrain models that were produced as part of the MassGIS 1:5,000 Black and White Digital Orthophoto imagery project. Cellsize is 5 meters by 5 meters. Each cell has a floating point value, in meters, which represents its elevation above or below sea level.

Penobscot County, Maine, 1859 (Image 1 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Topographical map of the county of Penobscot Maine, from surveys under the direction of H.F. Walling; field work under the direction of L.H. Eaton. It was published by Lee & Marsh in 1859, Scale 1:80,000. This layer is image 1 of 2 total images, representing the southwest portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM Zone 19N, meters, NAD1983). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.