Gabriel Aresti.

Breve homenaje a la obra de Gabriel Aresti, por su dedicación al estudio y unificación del euskera, y especialmente, por su acción renovadora en la creación literaria vasta. Se trascriben dos de los poemas de su obra bilingüe: Nire aitaren etxea, Defenderé la casa de mi padre, de 1964, y Hariztia, El robledal, de 1959.

Homenaje a Gabriel Miró, a los veinte años de su muerte.

Homenaje al escritor a través de un breve recorrido por su obra. Se hace referencia al último tomo de la Edición Conmemorativa iniciada en 1932 por los 'Amigos de Gabriel Miró', titulado 'Años y leguas'.

Gabriel Marcel inaugura el curso del Ateneo en Madrid.

Retrato dibujado del escritor durante su disertación

Valores humanos y pedagógicos en el poeta José María Gabriel y Galán.

Dar a conocer los valores humanos y pedagógicos del poeta Gabriel y Galán a través de su obra, sobre todo su faceta como pedagogo. José María y Galán es un poeta con su propia personalidad, que siente, vive y canta a la naturaleza, a la vida, a la muerte, al campo, a los humildes a Dios. Si fue un gran poeta también fue un gran hombre: abnegado y humilde, defensor de los pobres y necesitados, sembrador del bien y de la virtud. Su gran amor por los niños y el deseo de formarlos para que sepan ser hombres, que caminen por la vida sin vacilar le presentan como maestro ideal. Pretende dar a sus alumnos una formación integral de la personalidad, y para ello, nada mejor que el sistema individual como método de enseñanza, por llegar al niño la viva voz del maestro aclarándole dudas y explicándole conceptos. Su fin primordial es educar ciudadnos útiles a la sociedad, honrados, ilustrados. La educación se imparte en la escuela, pero no sólo en ella, sino que debemos aprovechar todas las circustancias favorables que nos proporcionan la naturaleza y la vida. La educación intelectual será adecuada cuando se desarrollen todas las facultades que componen la inteligencia. La educación familiar es decisiva en el niño, es la base que sustenta toda la educación posterior: colaborando los padres con los maestros la labor educativa fructificará más rápidamente. No puede faltar en las escuelas la educación religiosa pues sin esta la educación no sería completa. El catecismo, después de la formación del sentimiento religioso, debe ser el libro que ayude al alumno a conocer los dogmas y principios morales y religiosos. Para que la educación religiosa sea eficaz, colaboración del maestro y el creencias religiosas en el corazón de los niños.

El hombre y su entorno cultural : conferencia del arquitecto Don Gabriel Alomar en la Comisión Española de Cooperación con la UNESCO.

Continúa la publicación con el título : Revista de información de la Comisión Nacional Española de Cooperación con la UNESCO

Ruta literaria por Cáceres. Homenaje a Gabriel y Galán.

Este trabajo obtuvo la primera mención especial de la modalidad B de los Premios Joaquín Sama 2005

Recuperant la història d'un estany recuperat [Ressenya del llibre Notes històriques i geogràfiques de l’antic estany de Sils: límits,termes i hidrònims, de Gabriel Mercadal i Corominas]

Ressenya del llibre del botànic Gabriel Mercadal i Corominas, 'Notes històriques i geogràfiques de l’antic estany de Sils: límits,termes i hidrònims', publicat per l' Ajuntament de Sils, l'any 2006. La primera gran aportació del llibre és la delimitació cartogràfica dels límits de l’estany a partir de diversa documentació cartogràfica antiga i el recull d’hidrònims originals dels cursos fluvials de l’estany

Representaciones de lo andino en tres novelas de Gabriel García Márquez y Mario Vargas Llosa

El presente trabajo propone una reflexión en torno a lo andino en tres novelas de Gabriel García Márquez y Mario Vargas Llosa, desde la perspectiva de los estudios de la cultura. No obstante, es la interpretación-confrontación de las obras, la que permite postular y dar cuerpo a una serie de intuiciones que se han ido decantando a lo largo de la lectura de estos dos escritores, representativos para la literatura y la cultura hispanoamericanas. El texto está dividido en tres capítulos: el primero intenta una conceptualización acerca de qué es lo andino, y desde qué arista es tomado en este esfuerzo, también muestra un breve rastreo de cómo lo andino se halla nombrado en la literatura previa al boom, para desembocar en una disertación sobre el boom como tal. El segundo, se ocupa de la lectura de las obras, teniendo en cuenta lo expuesto en los ítems anteriores. El tercero, coloca sobre la mesa una serie de hallazgos y caminos de discusión que pueden alentar otro u otros ejercicios académicos.

Distribution of nutrients in the root zone affects yield, quality and blossom end rot of tomato fruits

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'DRK') were grown hydroponically in two experiments to determine the effects of nutrient concentration and distribution in the root zone on yield, quality and blossom end rot (BER). The plants were grown in rockwool with their root systems divided into two portions. Each portion was irrigated with nutrient solutions with either the same or different electrical conductivity (EC) in the range 0 to 6 dS m(-1). In both experiments, fruit yields decreased as EC increased from moderate to high when solutions of equal concentration were applied to both portions of the root system. However, higher yields were obtained when a solution with high EC was applied to one portion of the root system and a solution of low EC to the other portion. For example, the fresh weight of mature fruits in the 6/6 treatment was only 20% that of the 3/3 treatment but the 6/0 treatment had a yield that was 40% higher. The reduction in yield in the high EC treatments was due to an increase in the number of fruits with BER and smaller fruit size. BER increased from 12% to 88% of total fruits as EC increased from 6/0 to 6/6 and fruit length decreased from 67 mm to 52 mm. Fruit quality (expressed as titratable acidity and soluble solids) increased as EC increased. In summary, high yields of high quality tomatoes with minimal incidence of BER were obtained when one portion of the root system was supplied with a solution of high EC and the other portion with a solution of moderate or zero EC.

Uneven distribution of nutrients in the root zone affects the incidence of blossom end rot and concentration of calcium and potassium in fruits of tomato

Tomato plants ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. DRK) were grown hydroponically to determine the effect of an uneven distribution of nutrients in the root zone on blossomend rot (BER) and Ca and K concentrations in the fruits. The plants were grown in rockwool with their root system divided into two portions. Each portion was irrigated with nutrient solutions with either the same or the different electrical conductivity (EC) in the range 0 to 6 dS m(-1). Solutions with high EC supplied to both sides of the root system significantly increased the incidence of BER. However, when only water or a solution of low EC was supplied to one portion, BER was reduced by 80%. Fruit yields were significantly higher ( P < 0.01) for plants that received solutions of the uneven EC treatments (6/0 or 4.5/0 EC treatment). Plants supplied with solutions of uneven EC generally had higher leaf and fruit concentrations of Ca but lower concentrations of K than those supplied with solutions of high EC. There was no difference in Ca concentration at the distal end of young fruits of the uneven EC treatment but it was reduced in the high EC treatments. The concentration of K in the mature fruits of the uneven EC treatments was lower than that of the high EC treatments and higher or similar that of the 3/3 or 2.5/2.5 EC treatments ( controls). A clear relationship was found between the incidence of BER and the exudation rate. High rate of xylem exudation was observed in the uneven EC treatments. Reduction of BER in the uneven EC treatments is most likely to be the effect of high exudation rate on Ca status in the young fruits. It was concluded that high EC of solution had positive effects on Ca concentration and incidence of BER provided that nutrient solution with low EC or water is supplied to the one portion of the root system.

The effect of carrier substrate, dose rate and time of application on biocontrol efficacy of fungal antagonists against Armillaria root rot of strawberry plants.

In a glasshouse experiment using potted strawberry plants (cv. Cambridge Favourite) as hosts, the effect of selected fungal antagonists grown on 25 or 50 g of mushroom compost containing autoclaved mycelia of Agaricus bisporus, or wheat bran was evaluated against Armillaria mellea. Another glasshouse experiment tested the effect of application time of the antagonists in relation to inoculations with the pathogen. A significant interaction was found between the antagonists, substrates and dose rates. All the plants treated with Chaetomium olivaceum isolate Co on 50 g wheat bran survived until the end of the experiment which lasted 482 days, while none of them survived when this antagonist was added to the roots of the plants on 25 g wheat bran or 25 or 50 g mushroom compost. Dactylium dendroides isolate SP had a similar effect, although with a lower host survival rate of 33.3%. Trichoderma hamatum isolate Tham 1 and T. harzianum isolate Th23 protected 33.3% of the plants when added on 50 g and none when added on 25 g of either substrate, while 66.7% of the plants treated with T. harzianum isolate Th2 on 25 g, or T viride isolate TO on 50 g wheat bran, survived. Application of the antagonists on mushroom compost initially resulted in development of more leaves and healthier plants, but this effect was not sustained. Eventually, plants treated with the antagonists on wheat bran had significantly more leaves and higher health scores. The plants treated with isolate Th2 and inoculated with Armillaria at the same time had a survival rate of 66.7% for the duration of the experiment (475 days), while none of them survived that long when the antagonist and pathogen were applied with an interval of 85 days in either sequence. C. olivaceum isolate Co showed a protective effect only, as 66.7% of the plants survived when they were treated with the antagonist 85 days before inoculation with the pathogen, while none of them survived when the antagonist and pathogen were applied together or the infection preceded protection.

Cultural techniques for improvement in biocontrol potential of fungal antagonists for biological control of Armillaria root rot of strawberry plants under glasshouse conditions

Several in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to develop an effective technique for culturing potential fungal antagonists (isolates of Trichoderma harzianum, Dactylium dendroides, Chaetomium olivaceum and one unidentified fungus) selected for activity against Armillaria mellea. The antagonists were inoculated onto (1) live spawn of the oyster mu shroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), (2) extra-moistened or sucrose-enriched mushroom composts containing living or autoclaved mycelia of P. ostreatus or Agaricus bisporus (button mushroom), (3) pasteurized compost with or without A. bisporus mycelium, wheat bran, wheat germ and (4) spent mushroom composts with living mycelia of A. bisporus, P. ostreatus or Lentinus edodes (the Shiitake mushroom). In one experiment, a representative antagonist (isolate Th2 of T. harzianum) was grown together with the A. bisporus mycelium, while in another one, the antagonist was first grown on wheat germ or wheat bran and then on mushroom compost with living mycelium of A. bisporus. Some of the carrier substrates were then added to the roots of potted strawberry plants in the glasshouse to evaluate their effectiveness against the disease. The antagonists failed to grow on the spawn of P. ostreatus even after reinoculations and prolonged incubation. Providing extra moisture or sucrose enrichment also did not improve the growth of Th2 on mushroom composts in the presence of living mycelia of A. bisporus or P. ostreatus. The antagonist, however, grew rapidly and extensively on mushroom compost with autoclaved mycelia, and also on wheat germ and wheat bran. Colonization of the substrates by the antagonist was positively correlated with its effectiveness in the glasshouse studies. Whereas only 33.3% of the inoculated control plants survived in one experiment monitored for 560 days, 100% survival was achieved when Th2 was applied on wheat germ or wheat bran. Growth of the antagonist alone on pasteurized or sterilized compost (without A. bisporus mycelia) and simultaneous growth of the antagonist and mushroom on pasteurized compost did not improve survival over the inoculated controls, but growth over mushroom compost with the living mycelium resulted in 50% survival rate. C. olivaceum isolate Co was the most effective, resulting in overall survival rate of 83.3% compared with only 8.3% for the inoculated and 100% for the uninoculated (healthy) controls. This antagonist gave the highest survival rate of 100% on spent mushroom compost with L. edodes. T harzianum isolate Th23, with 75% survival rate, was the most effective on spent mushroom compost with P. ostreatus, while D. dendroides isolate SP resulted in equal survival rates of 50% on all the three mushroom composts.