Trauma and envenoming caused by stingrays and other fish in a fishing community in Pontal do Paranapanema, state of São Paulo, Brazil: epidemiology, clinical aspects, and therapeutic and preventive measures

INTRODUCTION: Accidents caused by fish are common in inland fishing communities in Brazil, being work-related injuries in the majority of cases. These populations have no information on the mechanisms of trauma or envenoming. METHODS: Through a questionnaire administered to fishermen, we obtained clinical and epidemiological data on accidents in Rosana, Pontal do Paranapanema, State of São Paulo, Brazil. These data were analyzed and converted into an easily understood prevention and treatment program for the colony. RESULTS: Thirty-nine fishermen replied to the survey. All of the patients had been hurt by fish. Of those mentioned, the yellow catfish (Pimelodus maculatus) was the main fish species associated with injuries, but others also caused trauma to the fishermen. Six fishermen had been envenomed by stingrays. Pain and ulcers were the main symptoms and were described as intolerable. Approximately half of those injured were treated using traditional folk remedies. CONCLUSIONS: The fishermen suffered multiple accidents with catfish, which are venomous and cause intense pain, as well as trauma due to other fish, such as surubins, traíras, freshwater croakers, and piranhas. Approximately 16% of those interviewed presented with envenomation from stingrays. Our data and previous experience in the area led to the creation of a pamphlet with clear language that can effectively help fishermen in the region, an area in need of health services and disease prevention. This initiative also applies to the whole La Plata River basin, which has similar fauna.

Da sobrevivência física à sobrevivência mental : aspectos do funcionamento psíquico em ex-combatentes da guerra colonial portuguesa

Tese de Doutoramento apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário

Uma análise comparativa do conceito de trauma em Winnicott e Kohut

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.

Adrenocortical tumors: results of treatment and study of Weiss's score as a prognostic factor

PURPOSE: The differential diagnosis between benign and malignant adrenal cortical tumors circumscribed to the gland is controversial. One hundred and seven patients with adrenal cortex tumors (excluding those with primary hyperaldosteronism) were studied to assess the 5-year survival rate of adults, children, patients stratified by pathological stage, and patients stratified according to Weiss's score of <3 or >3. METHODS: The patients were evaluated both clinically and biochemically. One hundred and five patients underwent surgery and were classified pathologically as stages I, II, III, or IV. The tumors were weighed, measured, and classified according to Weiss's criteria and divided into 2 groups: <3 and >3. RESULTS: After 5 years, the survival rate was 77.5% for the whole group, 74.61% for the adults, 84.3% for the children, 100% for stage I, 83.9% for stage II, 33% for stage III, and 11.7% for stage IV groups. Additionally, after 5 years, 100% of the patients with tumors with Weiss's score <3 were alive compared to 61.65% of those with Weiss's score >3. The average weights of the tumors of score <3 and >3 were 23.38 g ± 41.36 g and 376.3 ± 538.76 g, respectively, which is a statistically significant difference. The average sizes of tumors of Weiss's score <3 and >3 were 3.67 ± 2.2 cm and 9.64 ± 5.8 cm, respectively, which is also a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Weiss's score may be a good prognostic factor for tumors of the adrenal cortex. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the average weight and size of tumors with benign behavior (Weiss's score <3) and those with malignant behavior (Weiss's score >3).

Development of procedures for the design, optimization and manufacturing of customized orthopaedic and trauma implants: Geometrical/anatomical modelling from 3D medical imaging

Tese de Doutoramento (Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Biomédica)

Exposição a trauma e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em usuárias de crack

OBJETIVO: Verificar a ocorrência de trauma e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) em uma amostra de mulheres dependentes de cocaína tipo crack. MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta por 99 mulheres, entre 18 e 52 anos, internadas em uma unidade de desintoxicação e extensamente avaliadas por meio da SCID-I e a ASI-6. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se uma taxa de exposição a trauma de 86,9% entre mulheres dependentes de cocaína tipo crack. A taxa de TEPT na amostra foi de 15,1%. Os clusters de revivescência e hiperexcitabilidade foram os mais frequentes - 24,4% e 20,9% respectivamente. Entre os tipos de eventos relatados, os mais frequentes foram sofrer agressão/abuso físico e ser testemunha de violência a outros. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem uma frequente exposição a eventos traumáticos. Com relação à idade da experiência traumática, sugere-se que as usuárias expostas a trauma durante a infância e adolescência apresentam um início do uso de drogas em idades mais precoces que aquelas cujo trauma ocorreu na vida adulta.

Global validation of the WSES Sepsis Severity Score for patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections: a prospective multicentre study (WISS Study).

BACKGROUND To validate a new practical Sepsis Severity Score for patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) including the clinical conditions at the admission (severe sepsis/septic shock), the origin of the cIAIs, the delay in source control, the setting of acquisition and any risk factors such as age and immunosuppression. METHODS The WISS study (WSES cIAIs Score Study) is a multicenter observational study underwent in 132 medical institutions worldwide during a four-month study period (October 2014-February 2015). Four thousand five hundred thirty-three patients with a mean age of 51.2 years (range 18-99) were enrolled in the WISS study. RESULTS Univariate analysis has shown that all factors that were previously included in the WSES Sepsis Severity Score were highly statistically significant between those who died and those who survived (p < 0.0001). The multivariate logistic regression model was highly significant (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.54) and showed that all these factors were independent in predicting mortality of sepsis. Receiver Operator Curve has shown that the WSES Severity Sepsis Score had an excellent prediction for mortality. A score above 5.5 was the best predictor of mortality having a sensitivity of 89.2 %, a specificity of 83.5 % and a positive likelihood ratio of 5.4. CONCLUSIONS WSES Sepsis Severity Score for patients with complicated Intra-abdominal infections can be used on global level. It has shown high sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio that may help us in making clinical decisions.

Lewis Score - Prognostic value in patients with isolated small bowel Crohn's disease

Background and aims: Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) allows mapping of small bowel inflammation in Crohn’s disease (CD). We aimed to assess the prognostic value of the severity of inflammatory lesions, quantified by the Lewis score (LS), in patients with isolated small bowel CD. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in which 53 patients with isolated small bowel CD were submitted to SBCE at the time of diagnosis. The Lewis score was calculated and patients had at least 12 months of follow-up after diagnosis. As adverse events we defined disease flare requiring systemic corticosteroid therapy, hospitalization and/or surgery during follow-up. We compared the incidence of adverse events in 2 patient subgroups, i.e. those with moderate or severe inflammatory activity (LS =790) and those with mild inflammatory activity (135 = LS < 790). Results: The LS was =790 in 22 patients (41.5%), while 58.5% presented with LS between 135 and 790. Patients with a higher LS were more frequently smokers (p = 0.01), males (p = 0017) and under immunosuppressive therapy (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, moderate to severe disease at SBCE was independently associated with corticosteroid therapy during follow-up, with a relative risk (RR) of 5 (p = 0.011; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–17.8), and for hospitalization, with an RR of 13.7 (p = 0 .028; 95% CI 1.3–141.9). Conclusion: In patients with moderate to severe inflammatory activity there were higher prevalences of corticosteroid therapy demand and hospitalization during follow-up. Thus, stratifying the degree of small bowel inflammatory activity with SBCE and LS calculation at the time of diagnosis provided relevant prognostic value in patients with isolated small bowel CD.

Conflito e trauma: XVI Colóquio de Outono

It has been the main concern of CEHUM, as a Research Centre within the Humanities which operates in an inter and transdisciplinary structure to listen attentively to the “noise of the world” and attempt a global interpretation of the signs of the times issuing from the world around us, as vibrant echoes of many social and cultural pressing issues. Every year each new Colóquio de Outono attempts to give evidence of that concern through the topic chosen for debate, ample enough and challenging enough to trigger a lively multidisciplinary dialogue amongst the diff erent research groups that compose this centre, the participants and our invited guest speakers. Throughout the three days of this 16th Colóquio de Outono we had the privilege to debate the propositions of a vast number of national and international specialists in the manifold fi elds of inquiry here represented, engaging keynote speakers, project advisors, members of research teams and external researchers attached to the various research projects currently running in CEHUM, in the fi elds of literature, linguistics, philosophy, ethics, visual arts, cultural studies, music and performance. Each specifi c fi eld of studies was however never seen isolated, but always embodied in a geo-cultural context and within the scope of a wide variety of critical debates and current theories of knowledge, as a signal of our understanding of the Humanities as a rich and plural territory which engages us all, scholars, researchers, students.

Influence of the echocardiographic score and not of the previous surgical mitral commissurotomy on the outcome of percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prior mitral surgical commissurotomy and echocardiographic score influence on the outcomes and complications of percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty. METHODS: We performed 459 complete mitral valvuloplasty procedures. Four hundred thirteen were primary valvuloplasty and 46 were in patients who had undergone prior surgical commissurotomy. The prior commissurotomy group was older, had higher echo scores, and a tendency toward a higher percentage of atrial fibrillation. RESULTS: When the groups were compared with each other, no differences were found in pre- and postprocedure mean pulmonary artery pressure, mean mitral gradient, mitral valve area, and mitral regurgitation . Because we found no significant differences, we subdivided the entire group based on echo scores, those with echo scores <=8 and those with echo scores >8 the mitral valve area being higher in the <=8 echo score group 2.06±0.42 versus 1.90±0.40cm² (p=0.0090) in the >8 echo score group. CONCLUSION: Dividing the groups based on echo score revealed that the higher echo score group had smaller mitral valve areas postvalvuloplasty.

Correlação entre o consumo de oxigênio obtido pelo método de Fick e pela calorimetria indireta no paciente grave

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar o índice de consumo de oxigênio medido através da calorimetria indireta (VO2I DELTA) às medidas calculadas pela equação reversa de Fick (VO2I FICK) em pacientes graves, vítimas de trauma ou sepse. MÉTODOS: Analisados 14 pacientes vítimas de trauma (n=5) ou sepse (n=9), com média de idade de 39,4 ± 5,4 anos, sendo 10 homens e 4 mulheres, APACHE II de 21,3±1,8, ISS de 24,8±6, Sepsis Score de 19,6±2,3, com risco de óbito calculado pelo APACHE II de 41,9±7,1%, submetidos à ventilação mecânica e monitorização hemodinâmica invasiva com cateter de Swan-Ganz e realizadas, pelos dois métodos, 4 séries de medidas do VO2I (T1 a T4). RESULTADOS: Houve uma boa correlação entre os dois métodos (r = 0,77), para a média das quatro medidas seriadas. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois métodos nos tempos T1 (VO2I DELTA = 138±28 e VO2I FICK = 159±38 mL.min-1.m-2, p = 0,10) e T3 (VO2I DELTA = 144±26 e VO2I FICK = 158±35 mL.min-1.m-2, p = 0,14). Houve diferença significativa nos tempos T2 (VO2I DELTA = 141±27 e VO2I FICK = 155±26 mL.min-1.m-2, p = 0,03) e T4 (VO2I DELTA = 145±24 e VO2I FICK = 162±26 mL.min-1.m-2, p = 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: A calorimetria indireta é um método não invasivo, isento de complicações, que pode ser usado para avaliação do consumo de oxigênio no paciente grave de forma tão eficaz quanto à equação reversa de Fick.

Ruptura da valva aórtica por trauma torácico fechado

Relatamos o caso de paciente internado em nossa instituição com ruptura da válvula coronariana direita da valva aórtica, secundária a trauma torácico fechado. O ecocardiograma transesofágico identificou o local da ruptura, permitindo melhor planejamento cirúrgico.

Infarto agudo do miocárdio relacionado a trauma fechado torácico

O infarto agudo do miocárdio pós-trauma torácico fechado (IAM pós-TTF) é complicação rara, potencialmente fatal e muitas vezes não reconhecida. A lesão cardíaca é diagnosticada em menos de 10% dos traumas torácicos fechados. A literatura médica é escassa quando se trata de IAM pós-TTF, carecendo de um protocolo fundamentado que oriente na sua identificação. Apresentamos dois casos de IAM pós-TTF em pacientes jovens, previamente hígidos, sem fatores de risco para doença arterial coronariana. Mediante a revisão de literatura, discutimos os meios diagnósticos e a orientação terapêutica. Concluímos que o médico emergencista deve estar atento para a possibilidade de IAM em pacientes vítimas de TTF, independentemente da intensidade do trauma.

Ruptura do septo interventricular após trauma torácico fechado

Relatamos a seguir um caso de ruptura do septo interventricular após trauma torácico automobilístico com evolução relativamente benigna a despeito da extensão da lesão anatômica.