Toxicity of non-abeta component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid, and N-terminal fragments thereof, correlates to formation of beta-sheet structure and fibrils.

Synucleins are small proteins that are highly expressed in brain tissue and are localised at presynaptic terminals in neurons. alpha-Synuclein has been identified as a component of intracellular fibrillar protein deposits in several neurodegenerative diseases, and two mutant forms of alpha-synuclein have been associated with autosomal-dominant Parkinson's Disease. A fragment of alpha-synuclein has also been identified as the non-Abeta component of Alzheimer's Disease amyloid. In this review we describe some structural properties of alpha-synuclein and the two mutant forms, as well as alpha-synuclein fragments, with particular emphasis on their ability to form beta-sheet on ageing and aggregate to form amyloid-like fibrils. Differences in the rates of aggregation and morphologies of the fibrils formed by alpha-synuclein and the two mutant proteins are highlighted. Interactions between alpha-synuclein and other proteins, especially those that are components of amyloid or Lewy bodies, are considered. The toxicity of alpha-synuclein and related peptides towards neurons is also discussing in relation to the aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases.

Algorithmic computation of knot polynomials of secondary structure elements of proteins

The classification of protein structures is an important and still outstanding problem. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, we utilize a relation between the Tutte and homfly polynomial to show that the Alexander-Conway polynomial can be algorithmically computed for a given planar graph. Second, as special cases of planar graphs, we use polymer graphs of protein structures. More precisely, we use three building blocks of the three-dimensional protein structure-alpha-helix, antiparallel beta-sheet, and parallel beta-sheet-and calculate, for their corresponding polymer graphs, the Tutte polynomials analytically by providing recurrence equations for all three secondary structure elements. Third, we present numerical results comparing the results from our analytical calculations with the numerical results of our algorithm-not only to test consistency, but also to demonstrate that all assigned polynomials are unique labels of the secondary structure elements. This paves the way for an automatic classification of protein structures.

Quantitative structure-toxicity relationships for chlorophenols to bioluminescent lux-marked bacteria using atom-based semi-empirical molecular-orbital descriptors

Literature data on the toxicity of chlorophenols for three luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri, and the lux-marked Pseudomonas fluorescens 10586s pUCD607 and Burkholderia spp. RASC c2 (Tn4431)) have been analyzed in relation to a set of computed molecular physico-chemical properties. The quantitative structure-toxicity relationships of the compounds in each species showed marked differences when based upon semi-empirical molecular-orbital molecular and atom based properties. For mono-, di- and tri-chlorophenols multiple linear regression analysis of V. fischeri toxicity showed a good correlation with the solvent accessible surface area and the charge on the oxygen atom. This correlation successfully predicted the toxicity of the heavily chlorinated phenols, suggesting in V. fischeri only one overall mechanism is present for all chlorophenols. Good correlations were also found for RASC c2 with molecular properties, such as the surface area and the nucleophilic super-delocalizability of the oxygen. In contrast the best QSTR for P. fluorescens contained the 2nd order connectivity index and ELUMO suggesting a different, more reactive mechanism. Cross-species correlations were examined, and between V. fischeri and RASC c2 the inclusion of the minimum value of the nucleophilic susceptibility on the ring carbons produced good results. Poorer correlations were found with P. fluorescens highlighting the relative similarity of V. fischeri and RASC c2, in contrast to that of P. fluorescens.

Water structure and chaotropicity: their uses, abuses and biological implications

The concept of "water structure" has been invoked to explain all manner of aqueous phenomena. Here we look at the origins of this tendency to understand solute hydration in terms of structural changes in bulk water, and consider the validity of one particular example: the classification of small solutes as chaotropic or kosmotropic, and the putative relation of this terminology to notions of structure-making and structure-breaking in the solvent. We doubt whether complex phenomena such as Hofmeister and osmolyte effects on macromolecules can be understood simply on the basis of a change in solvent structure. Rather, we argue that chaotropicity, if understood in the original sense, arises from the activities that solutes exert on macromolecular systems, as well as from deviations of solvation water from bulk-like behaviour. If applied judiciously, chaotropicity remains a potent, biologically pertinent parameter useful for classifying and understanding solution phenomena in all types of living system.

Ecogeography of roe deer: relation with other ungulates in sympatry

Understanding the spatial distribution of organisms is a central topic in ecology. The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) population is in Portugal and Norway at the southwestern and northern edge of its distribution, respectively. Understanding the factors that act on these populations enlightens both local aspects concerning their conservation and wider scale aspects of the species bioclimatic envelope, which is crucial for being better able to predict the impacts of environmental change. The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate roe deer distribution in Portugal and Norway, two countries with contrasting landscapes, seasonality and with different anthropogenic pressure. The interspecific relationship with sympatric ungulates was also analysed. By using pellet group counts, we investigated habitat use of roe deer, identifying the major environmental descriptors, to understand the importance of forest structure, vegetation characteristics, landscape structure and human disturbance on their distribution. The analyses were based on presence – absence data and were carried out at two spatial scales. The results showed that habitat use of roe deer was different across countries. In Portugal, at the local scale, roe deer distribution was positively associated with high density of shrubs, especially heather and brambles, while the presence of red deer had a negative effect on their distribution. At a broad scale, roe deer was negatively associated with spatial heterogeneity, namely mean shape index and made less use of areas close to agricultural fields. In Norway, at the local scale, roe deer made more use of areas with high cover of deciduous trees and patches containing juniper and Vaccinium sp.. At a broad scale, roe deer use patches near edges between fields and forest. In both countries, roe deer make use of areas further away from roads. While in Norway roe deer in both summer and winter are always close to houses, in Portugal they are either far (summer) or indifferent (winter). Anthropogenic disturbance is better tolerated in Norway, where the importance of the critical season seems to be higher. Human disturbance may contribute to roe deer habitat loss in Portugal, while roe deer are able to persist close to humans in managed landscapes in Norway. In fact, some of the differences observed could be more due to the indirect impacts of human exploitation (e.g. presence of free-ranging dogs and hunting regulation) rather than the actual human presence or land-use per se. I conclude that the methodology and tools developed here are readily expandable to address similar questions in different contexts. Wildlife management would benefit greatly from a more holistic/integrative approach and that should include human aspects, as human disturbance is expected to continue increasing.

Histórias em Intercompreensão: a voz dos autores

Este relatório foi elaborado no âmbito do lote 7 (Inserção Curricular da Intercompreensão) do projeto MIRIADI. Trata-se de um lote cujo objetivo é desenvolver processos de integração curricular da Intercompreensão (IC) à distância em grupos plurilingues, a partir de trabalhos experimentais levados a cabo no terreno e realizados numa lógica de investigação-ação, tendo em vista compreender as “condições de exequibilidade” desta abordagem didática nos curricula de aprendizagem de línguas e de formação. Procura-se, em particular, identificar empiricamente permeabilidades e resistências dos contextos e dos atores educativos face à IC como conceito prático com relevância profissional, bem como vantagens e limites do ponto de vista da aprendizagem linguística que possam justificar o seu valor educativo. A Intercompreensão tem vindo, nas últimas décadas, a percorrer um percurso de destaque em Didática de Línguas (sobretudo Estrangeiras) na Europa e fora dela, em particular no âmbito das atuais abordagens plurais, ocupando um lugar de visibilidade nos discursos e práticas de investigação e formação desta disciplina e contribuindo para a tonalidade da sua voz mais propriamente politico-ideológica (Alarcão, Andrade, Araújo e Sá, Melo-Pfeifer & Santos, 2009). Contudo, a presença do conceito nos espaços concretos de educação em línguas (tais como escolas, liceus, universidades e outras instituições) é extremamente débil, limitando-se a algumas experiências pontuais, sob o impulso (e mesmo a condução), na maior parte dos casos, dos investigadores e tendo como finalidade principal a produção de conhecimento didático (Degache & Tavares, 2011). Assim, pouco se sabe ainda do que pode ser efetivamente o contributo da IC para o projeto educativo das instituições, e muito menos do modo como o conceito pode ser integrado em práticas curriculares continuadas e sistemáticas de educação em línguas, sabendo-se que estas mesmas práticas são reguladas por múltiplas instâncias, internas e externas, objetivas e subjetivas, que atuam a vários níveis (macro, meso, micro) e que não podem deixar de ser consideradas. O lote 7 de Miriadi propõe abordar estas questões, relativas à integração curricular da IC, a partir de uma outra lógica epistemológica, uma lógica que não busca propostas desenhadas a partir dos resultados da investigação e orientadas para a transferência do conhecimento, ou seja, que não reflete uma perspetiva aplicacionista do saber didático. Ao invés, o trabalho realizado por este lote entende o currículo como uma construção dinâmica que se (re)define e se (re)negocia em função dos contextos específicos em que ocorre, atribuindo-lhe por conseguinte uma natureza contingente, situada, intersubjetiva e local. Nesta perspetiva sócio-construtivista, em que o currículo é uma co-construção que ocorre entre sujeitos precisos nas suas ações educativas quotidianas, a integração curricular da IC produz-se no âmbito destas ações, ou, dito de outra forma, através de práticas situadas nas especificidades e possibilidades que oferecem os contextos concretos, em particular os sujeitos que deles fazem parte. Esta perspetiva de trabalho do lote 7 parece-nos ser a mais coerente com o posicionamento teórico relativamente à IC enquanto conceito didático do projeto MIRIADI. Com efeito, está amplamente estudado que a IC tem vindo a ser tratada segundo diferentes pontos de vista, de acordo com as escolas epistemológicas e as proveniências e ancoragens disciplinares dos seus autores (para uma revisão recente, ver Araújo e Sá, 2013; Olliver, 2013). No âmbito do percurso específico de investigação/formação/intervenção do grupo e-Gala (www.e-gala.eu), no seio do qual emergiu MIRIADI, em particular das suas mais disseminadas realizações – as plataformas Galanet (www.galanet.eu) e Galapro (www-galapro.eu/sessions) -, a IC é abordada numa perspetiva socio-construtivista do saber e da relação comunicativa. Dito de outra forma, MIRIADI define a IC como um processo e uma prática interacional que ocorre entre sujeitos, atores sociais que vivem em diferentes línguas e que se implicam coletivamente num quadro dialógico “où le grand enjeu devient la construction d’un territoire de parole partagé” (Araújo e Sá, Degache & Spita, 2010: 26). Esta aceção interacionista (e plurilingue e intercultural) é complementada pelo recurso a meios de comunicação tecnológicos. Definido o enquadramento conceptual e metodológico do lote7, importa agora explicitar como se desenvolveu o trabalho ao longo dos seus 36 meses de execução. O lote organizou-se em 3 grandes etapas, que envolveram toda a equipa: Etapa 1. Identificação e caracterização de contextos de ensino e formação linguística suscetíveis de poderem beneficiar de uma integração curricular da IC (plurilingue e à distância) (os resultados desta etapa encontram-se na Prestation 7.1. do projeto, referida na nota anterior). Etapa 2. Planificação e desenvolvimento de múltiplas e diversificadas iniciativas de divulgação da IC nesses mesmos contextos, destinadas à comunidade educativa na generalidade (públicos, professores/formadores, órgãos de gestão, funcionários, etc.), tendo em vista a sua familiarização com a IC enquanto conceito didático e prática de educação em línguas, de modo a criar condições (e aberturas) para a sua integração curricular; uma atenção especial foi dada à formação dos agentes educativos. Etapa 3. Planificação, experimentação e avaliação, numa lógica de investigação-ação e em rede (aproveitando-se as potencialidades das plataformas Galapro e Galanet), de propostas de integração curricular da IC; pretendia-se, em especial, com estas propostas, identificar contributos da IC para a qualidade dos projetos educativos dos contextos de integração caracterizados (na etapa 1), mas também constrangimentos, fragilidades, obstáculos e resistências, numa abordagem crítica do conceito que fosse sensível às propriedades dos espaços-alvo de educação em línguas. Neste sentido, foram recolhidos, analisados e discutidos, em função das suas características contextuais (definidas na etapa 1), dados empíricos de natureza diversa (produções dos alunos, transcrições de excertos de aulas, testemunhos espontâneos de alunos e professores, respostas a questionários, entre outros). Este Rapport é um produto da Etapa 3. Trata-se de um documento multimédia, que pretende dar acesso sistematizado e crítico aos discursos e vozes de sujeitos reais que experienciaram propostas didáticas concretas de IC elaboradas durante esta etapa do lote. Mais concretamente, este relatório oferece 6 narrativas de estudos de caso (3 em contexto de ensino secundário e outros 3 no ensino superior), realizados em vários países (Brasil, França, Itália Portugal e República da Maurícia), contendo uma descrição detalhada das situações educativas experimentadas e uma análise dos dados recolhidos, com apresentação dos recursos e materiais utilizados e testemunhos dos sujeitos concretos (professores e alunos). Incluem-se igualmente os instrumentos de recolha de dados e alguns exemplos dos mesmos. Cada narrativa obedece a uma mesma estrutura discursiva, de forma a mais facilmente poderem ser comparáveis, permitindo a extração de conclusões transversais aos vários estudos: introdução; descrição do contexto de intervenção; descrição da intervenção (objetivos, atividades, com acesso aos recursos utilizados, e avaliação); resultados obtidos; conclusões e implicações A secção final, “Témoignages”, apresenta-se sob a forma de um conjunto de vídeos e podcasts, identificados de acordo com a instituição parceira do projeto que os recolheu e organizados segundo três critérios: • as línguas dos locutores (espanhol, francês, italiano e português); • os contextos de formação onde decorreram as experiências de IC (ensino secundário e ensino universitário); • o tipo de intervenientes nas experiências de IC (alunos ou professores). Assume-se mais uma vez, neste Rapport, as dinâmicas de trabalho plurilingue da equipa Miriadi, cuja rentabilidade para a produção do conhecimento didático foi analisada e evidenciada no âmbito de projetos anteriores (ver Melo-Pfeifer, 2014) e se encontra ilustrada, numa outra linguagem, nos nossos postais (disponíveis no Facebook). Assim, com exceção desta introdução, que foi traduzida para francês (ver acima), o documento encontra-se nas línguas de trabalho dos membros da equipa que o redigiram.

La relation entre les conceptions de l'enseignement et de l'apprentissage d'enseignants au primaire et leur acceptation des TIC

Cette recherche vise à étudier l’interrelation entre l’acceptation des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) et les conceptions de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage d’enseignants du primaire au Québec. En s’appuyant sur les modèles d’intervention éducative (Lenoir, 1991) comme cadre d’analyse des conceptions de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage et sur le technology acceptance model (Davis, 1986) comme cadre d’analyse de l’acceptation des TIC, cette recherche développe un modèle conceptuel dans l’objectif d’explorer la relation entre les pratiques des enseignants liées à l’intégration des TIC et leur conceptions de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage. Le modèle prend également en considération d’autres variables tel que l’âge, l’expérience d’enseignement et la formation initiale et continue, identifiées par la documentation scientifique sur le sujet comme associées à l’intégration des TIC en éducation. Pour tester le modèle nous procédons par enquête postale auprès d’un échantillon de convenance de 137 enseignants du primaire au Québec. Les données recueillies ont été traitées selon la nature des variables qui les déterminent (analyse des variances, test de Chi-Deux et analyse des corrélations). Les résultats de notre recherche mettent en évidence que les enseignants, sujets de l’étude, n’acceptent pas assez les TIC au point d’en faire «un usage habituel et suffisamment régulier » (Depover et Strebelle, 1996, p. 35). En plus, ces enseignants ne tirent pas plein profit des TIC vu qu’ils n’exploitent que certaines technologies (logiciels courants). D’autres TIC (environnements de communication et logiciels de création et de gestion de sites ou de pages Web) sont rarement utilisées en classe par les répondants et, encore plus rarement, par leurs élèves. Les résultats de notre recherche soulignent l’existence d’une relation significative entre l’acceptation des TIC et les conceptions de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage des enseignants. L’acceptation des TIC semble également fonction de la perception des enseignants de l’utilité et de la facilité d’utilisation des TIC. Les variables de contexte qui influencent le plus significativement l’acceptation des TIC sont l’âge de l’enseignant, son expérience d’enseignement, le nombre de postes disponibles en salle de classe ainsi que le fait d’avoir suivi des activités de formation initiale ou continue sur l’utilisation pédagogique des TIC et sur l’utilisation de certains types de logiciels.

Determining carrier mobility with a metal–insulator–semiconductor structure

The electron and hole mobility of nickel-bis(dithiolene) (NiDT) are determined in a metal– insulator–semiconductor (MIS)structure using admittance spectroscopy. The relaxation times found in the admittance spectra are attributed to the diffusion time of carriers to reach the insulator interface and via Einstein’s relation this yields the mobility values. In this way, an electron mobility of 1:9 104 cm2=Vs and a hole mobility of 3:9 106 cm2=Vs were found. It is argued that the low mobility is caused by an amphoteric mid-gap trap level. The activation energy for electrons and holes from these traps is found to be 0.46 eV and 0.40 eV, respectively.

La relation entre les connaissances et les attitudes relatives à la diversité sexuelle chez les enseignantes et les enseignants québécois et colombiens en formation initiale

Des études états-uniennes et canadiennes révèlent diverses situations d'homophobie (Taylor, Peter, McMinn, Elliott, Beldom, Ferry, Gross, Paquin et Schachter, 2011) en milieu scolaire. Au Québec, une étude récente a également montré que les élèves lesbiennes, gays et bisexuels des deux sexes (LGB) font face à l'intimidation, au harcèlement, aux insultes et à la discrimination dans les écoles (Chamberland, Émond, Bemier, Richard, Petit, Chevrier, Ryan, Otis et Julien, 2011). Les victimes d'intimidation et de discrimination manifestent des difficultés psychologiques (diagnostiquées ou non) telles que des troubles de l'humeur (tristesse, dépression, idéations ou tentatives de suicide), des troubles anxieux ou encore une faible estime d'eux-mêmes. De plus, ces élèves se sentent mal à l'aise à l'école, ont de la difficulté à se concentrer en classe et vont même jusqu'à manquer des cours, des journées de classe ou encore décrocher du système scolaire (Chamberland, Émond, Julien, Otis, et Ryan, 2011). Compte tenu de la situation problématique des élèves LGB dans les écoles, nous avons voulu identifier les liens entre les connaissances relatives aux rôles et comportements sexuels ainsi qu'aux réalités des jeunes LGB ou perçus comme tels du futur personnel enseignant tant québécois que colombien et leur attitudes envers l'homosexualité et bisexualité. Notre hypothèse à cet égard est que la tolérance face à la diversité sexuelle est en partie fonction des connaissances des personnes sur la question. Pour réaliser notre recherche, nous avons construit un questionnaire à partir des travaux de Kinsey (1948, 1953) sur le comportement sexuel humain, de Bein (1974, 1981) sur le rôle sexuel, de la littérature sur le vécu des jeunes LGB et de Herek et McLemore, (2011) sur les attitudes envers l'homosexualité. Nous avons effectué des analyses descriptives pour identifier les connaissances des participants et participantes ainsi que leurs attitudes envers la diversité sexuelle. Nous avons en outre procédé à des analyses de corrélations pour examiner la force des liens entre les connaissances et les attitudes. Nous avons enfin comparé les résultats obtenus en Colombie et au Québec à l'aide de tests t. Les résultats obtenus confirment notre hypothèse sur la relation entre connaissances et attitudes et révèlent un manque de connaissances sur les trois sujets testés, des attitudes ni tout à fait hostiles ni tout à fait positives dans les deux sous-échantillons, colombien et québécois. Cette étude pourra donc contribuer à améliorer la formation du personnel enseignant, en incluant des cours portant sur la diversité, sexuelle notamment, de façon à favoriser l'éclosion d'attitudes positives chez ce dernier et contribuer ainsi à rendre l'école plus sécuritaire pour les élèves LGB et à favoriser leur réussite scolaire. Cette recherche est pionnière par certains de ses aspects et apporte de nouvelles informations utiles pour comprendre les phénomènes humains autour desquels s'articulent les attitudes envers la diversité sexuelle.

Étude exploratoire des caractéristiques d’une relation de mentorat

Le présent projet vise à décrire des caractéristiques importantes à considérer lors de la mise sur pied d’un programme de mentorat destiné à des entraineures. Le mentorat est un des outils proposés pour recruter et garder les entraineures en poste. Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, une dyade d’entraineures a pris part à une relation de mentorat pour une durée de 18 semaines. Les résultats ont démontré l’importance de l’identification des besoins de la protégée et de la transmission de ceux-ci à la mentore. Il a aussi été remarqué que le type de rencontres ainsi que la fréquence de celles-ci engendrent des effets non négligeables sur l’évolution de la relation entre la mentore et la protégée. Le moment choisi pour la relation a aussi une incidence sur le déroulement du projet et doit être déterminé en fonction des réalités reliées au sport des participantes. Aussi, la personne responsable de superviser le projet doit adopter une attitude directive et s’assurer que chacune des étapes du programme soit convenablement réalisée. Enfin, le mentorat est un outil prometteur pour la rétention des entraineures qui doit être entrepris en fonction de critères précis. Mots clés : Entraineures, mentorat, programme.

Examination of the factor structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) among British and Trinidadian adults

Much debate in schizotypal research has centred on the factor structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), with research variously showing higher-order dimensionality consisting of two to seven dimensions. In addition, cross-cultural support for the stability of those factors remains limited. Here, we examined the factor structure of the SPQ among British and Trinidadian adults. Participants from a White British sub-sample (n = 351) resident in the UK and from an African Caribbean sub-sample (n = 284) resident in Trinidad completed the SPQ. The higher-order factor structure of the SPQ was analysed through confirmatory factor analysis, followed by multiple-group analysis for the model of best-fit. Between-group differences for sex and ethnicity were investigated using multivariate analysis of variance in relation to the higher-order domains. The model of best-fit was the four-factor structure, which demonstrated measurement invariance across groups. Additionally, these data had an adequate fit for two alternative models: a) 3 factors and b) a modified 4-factor. The British sub-sample had significantly higher scores across all domains than the Trinidadian group, and men scored significantly higher on the disorganised domain than women. The four-factor structure received confirmatory support and, importantly, support for use with populations varying in ethnicity and culture.

Structure du temps de travail des infirmières de santé publique: effets de l'âge des patients, de la nature des prestations fournies et du lieu du contact. [Structure of work times of public health nurses: effect of the age of patients, nature of care given and location of contact].

In the framework of health services research sponsored by the Swiss National Science Foundation, a research was undertaken of the activity of the large majority of the public health nurses working in the Swiss cantons of Vaud and Fribourg (total population 700,000). During one week, 130 nurses gathered, with a specially devised instrument, data on 4165 patient visits. Studying the duration of the contacts, one has distinguished contact duration per se (DC), duration of the travel time preceding the contact (DD), and total duration in relation with the contact (DTC-addition of the first two). It was noted that the three durations increased significantly with patient age (as regard travel time, this is explained by the higher proportion of home visits in higher age groups, as compared with visits at a health center). Examined according to location of the visit, contact duration per se (without travel) is higher for visits at home and in nursing homes than for those taking place at a health center. Looked at in respect to the care given (technical care, or basic nursing care, or both simultaneously), our data show that the provision of basic nursing care (alone or with technical care) doubles contact duration (from 20 to 42-45'). The analyses according to patient age shows that, at an advanced age (beyond 80 years particularly), there is an important increase of the visits where both types of care are given. However, contact duration per se shows a significant raise with age only for the group "technical care only"; it can be demonstrated that this is due to the fact that older patients require more complex technical acts (e.g., bladder care, as compared with simpler acts such as injection). A model of the relationships between patient age and contact duration is proposed: it is because of the increase in the proportions of home visits, of visits including basic nursing care, and of more complex technical acts that older persons require more of the working time of public health nurses.

Validation of the German version of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale and its relation to orientations to happiness and work stress

Career adapt-ability has recently gained momentum as a psychosocial construct that not only has much to offer the field of career development, but also contributes to positive coping, adjustment and self-regulation through the four dimensions of concern, control, curiosity and confidence. The positive psychology movement, with concepts such as the orientations to happiness, explores the factors that contribute to human flourishing and optimum functioning. This research has two main contributions; 1) to validate a German version of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS), and 2) to extend the contribution of adapt-abilities to the field of work stress and explore its mediating capacity in the relation between orientations to happiness and work stress. We used a representative sample of the German-speaking Swiss working population including 1204 participants (49.8% women), aged between 26 and 56 (Mage = 42.04). Results indicated that the German version of the CAAS is valid, with overall high levels of model fit suggesting that the conceptual structure of career adapt-ability replicates well in this cultural context. Adapt-abilities showed a negative relationship to work stress, and a positive one with orientations to happiness. The engagement and pleasure scales of orientations to happiness also correlated negatively with work stress. Moreover, career adapt-ability mediates the relationship between orientations to happiness and work stress. In depth analysis of the mediating effect revealed that control is the only significant mediator. Thus control may be acting as a mechanism through which individuals attain their desired life at work subsequently contributing to reduced stress levels.

The four- vs. alternative six-factor structure of the French WISC-IV: Comparison using confirmatory factor analyses

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses reported in the French technical manual of the WISC-IV provides evidence supporting a structure with four indices: Verbal Comprehension (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning (PRI), Working Memory (WMI), and Processing Speed (PSI). Although the WISC-IV is more attuned to contemporary theory, it is still not in total accordance with the dominant theory: the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive ability. This study was designed to determine whether the French WISC-IV is better described with the four-factor solution or whether an alternative model based on the CHC theory is more appropriate. The intercorrelations matrix reported in the French technical manual was submitted to confirmatory factor analysis. A comparison of competing models suggests that a model based on the CHC theory fits the data better than the current WISC-IV structure. It appears that the French WISC-IV in fact measures six factors: crystallized intelligence (Gc), fluid intelligence (Gf), short-term memory (Gsm), processing speed (Gs), quantitative knowledge (Gq), and visual processing (Gv). We recommend that clinicians interpret the subtests of the French WISC-IV in relation to this CHC model in addition to the four indices.

Generating finite integral relation algebras

Relation algebras and categories of relations in particular have proven to be extremely useful as a fundamental tool in mathematics and computer science. Since relation algebras are Boolean algebras with some well-behaved operations, every such algebra provides an atom structure, i.e., a relational structure on its set of atoms. In the case of complete and atomic structure (e.g. finite algebras), the original algebra can be recovered from its atom structure by using the complex algebra construction. This gives a representation of relation algebras as the complex algebra of a certain relational structure. This property is of particular interest because storing the atom structure requires less space than the entire algebra. In this thesis I want to introduce and implement three structures representing atom structures of integral heterogeneous relation algebras, i.e., categorical versions of relation algebras. The first structure will simply embed a homogeneous atom structure of a relation algebra into the heterogeneous context. The second structure is obtained by splitting all symmetric idempotent relations. This new algebra is in almost all cases an heterogeneous structure having more objects than the original one. Finally, I will define two different union operations to combine two algebras into a single one.