Actividade física, desporto e lazer na adolescência

RESUMO: Os estilos de vida pessoais evoluíram notavelmente com o passar dos anos como consequência das mudanças verificadas nas sociedades modernas. As condições da vida urbana, os horários das actividades escolares, a televisão, os videojogos e a Internet estão a potenciar um maior sedentarismo dos adolescentes (Redondo, Gross, Moreno & García-Fuentes, 2010), que usam cada vez menos as suas potencialidades físicas, embora se saiba que os indivíduos que praticam regularmente uma actividade física percepcionam ter um estado de saúde mais positivo (Mota & Duarte, 1999). Nesta perspectiva, o interesse em conceitos como actividade física, estilo de vida, qualidade de vida, promoção da saúde, têm vindo a adquirir uma relevância crescente para a determinação das variáveis que contribuem para a melhoria do bem-estar dos indivíduos, por meio do incremento do nível de actividade física habitual. Porque sabemos que a promoção da actividade física na infância e na adolescência significa o estabelecimento de uma base sólida para a redução do sedentarismo na idade adulta, contribuindo desta forma para uma melhor qualidade de vida (Lazzoli et al.,1998), e porque são reconhecidos os efeitos benéficos da actividade física na saúde, (bem-estar físico, social e psicológico) (Diniz,1998), pretende-se, com o presente trabalho, analisar os estilos de vida dos adolescentes dos 8º e 9º anos de escolaridade do Agrupamento de Escolas Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen ao nível da actividade física, prática desportiva e ocupação de tempos livres, relacionando-os com os padrões sustentados nos estudos da HBSC/OMS (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children/Organização Mundial de Saúde), ou mais concretamente com os dados do Relatório preliminar do estudo HBSC 2006 - “A Saúde dos Adolescentes Portugueses - Hoje e em 8 Anos”, levado a cabo pela ASS (Aventura Social e Saúde).

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos sob o olhar do educando: significados da escolização para alunos/servidores da UFRN

O nosso estudo propôs analisar os significados atribuidos pelos servidores que integraram o Programa de Educação Básica (PEB), da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Através dos relatos de servidores e gestores, se propõe o impacto que a frequência do Programa de Educação Básica teve junto dos mesmos, no âmbito pessoal, social e profissional. Pretende igualmente verificar se as expectativas iniciais ficaram satisfeitas. Para tanto, a investigação fez um percurso de pesquisa teórica de levantamento de opiniões junto dos intervenientes. As teorias fundamentaram-se em referenciais que reconhecem os esforços realizados na EJA, como os investimentos e avanços que diminuiram o analfabetismo no Brasil. Para tanto, a investigação fez um percurso metodológico em bases teóricas e práticas. As teorias são elucidadas em literaturas que reconhecem os esforços realizados na EJA, como os investimentos e avanços que diminuíram o analfabetismo no Brasil. Na prática, o trajeto estrutura-se em um estudo qualitativo, exploratório indutivo, com análise interpretativa de 60 servidores e 12 gestores, através de questionários com perguntas abertas, e aplicados em entrevistas realizadas pela pesquisadora. Como resultados, a pesquisa aponta que a escolarização do PEB produziu significados substantivos, para os servidores, ambiente coletivo e profissão, contribuindo sobremaneira para o exercício da cidadania. Como reflexões conclusivas, mas não definitivas, a produção dissertativa fortalece a EJA, reconhece sujeitos e favorece a prática educativa, ao elucidar ações concretas de escolarização, com propostas de novos olhares para o campo da educação.

On Aspects of Mathematical Reasoning : Affect and Gender

This thesis explores two aspects of mathematical reasoning: affect and gender. I started by looking at the reasoning of upper secondary students when solving tasks. This work revealed that when not guided by an interviewer, algorithmic reasoning, based on memorising algorithms which may or may not be appropriate for the task, was predominant in the students reasoning. Given this lack of mathematical grounding in students reasoning I looked in a second study at what grounds they had for different strategy choices and conclusions. This qualitative study suggested that beliefs about safety, expectation and motivation were important in the central decisions made during task solving.  But are reasoning and beliefs gendered? The third study explored upper secondary school teachers conceptions about gender and students mathematical reasoning. In this study I found that upper secondary school teachers attributed gender symbols including insecurity, use of standard methods and imitative reasoning to girls and symbols such as multiple strategies especially on the calculator, guessing and chance-taking were assigned to boys. In the fourth and final study I found that students, both male and female, shared their teachers view of rather traditional feminities and masculinities. Remarkably however, this result did not repeat itself when students were asked to reflect on their own behaviour: there were some discrepancies between the traits the students ascribed as gender different and the traits they ascribed to themselves. Taken together the thesis suggests that, contrary to conceptions, girls and boys share many of the same core beliefs about mathematics, but much work is still needed if we should create learning environments that provide better opportunities for students to develop beliefs that guide them towards well-grounded mathematical reasoning. 

Intencionalidades e práticas na construção de metodologias o CEFET-SE

Successive curricular changes that occurred in professional education altered pedagogical practices, and these practices being developed by means of integrating projects, at Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Sergipe (CEFET-SE), between 2001 and 2003, originated some questions which became the study object of this thesis. We search for theoretical support mainly in GEPEM research (GEPEM/UFRN) works and practices in order to analyze elements that emerged from this pedagogical practice. To do so, we take as main reference the research of qualitative approach. We developed documents analysis, interviews, considering three aspects: the scenery where these changes took place, the conception and implementation of the Integrating Projects for what, we ask support in pedagogy of projects studies and principles of interdisciplinary, and contextualization as curriculum structuring elements. This research brought out some difficulties, conflicts and possible consensus in developing the methodological strategies for the Projects. In this process of coexistence of the traditional and the new, of an unavoidable distance between what was thought and what was effectively done, elements for a new pedagogical practice emerged. This could be noticed in terms of participative work, formative moments, teacher s autonomy related to the pedagogical work. A new door could be open to the possibilities of taking conscience of accepting the differences and oneself autoexperimentation. These are the possibilities that make men, not being mere information deposit, can dialog and transform, producing his existence by this means. In the present case, the existence of being teacher, the build himself in the time of possibilities

Análise de necessidades de formação: uma prática reveladora de objetivos da formação docente

In recent years, in Brazil, researches in the area of education have been focused on the study of the necessities of formation, by the practice of necessity analysis, to subside the continued teacher formation programs. This research on the necessity of the formation of literacy teachers in the initial years of primary education originated in our discussions in academia, regarding the issues of retention and evasion related to basic literacy teaching in Brazilian public schools. We defined as a goal: to know the necessities of the formation of literacy teachers from Odila Leite Municipal Elementary School, Natal/RN, which focuses on the literacy teaching on that level of education and in Adult and Youth Education. The object is the necessities in these teachers formation. The thesis is that the literacy teacher reveals/constructs formation necessities when speaking of her practice, when exerting said practice or even when producing teaching materials which subside that practice; in other words, when making the theoretical/practical relation related to literacy teaching. The approach is qualitative, according to which the natural environment is the source for data collection; the focus of interest is the process of knowledge construction, and fundamental importance is given to the meanings constructed by the subjects. We comprehended that necessity is a socially constructed subjective phenomenon, and that necessity analysis allows the revelation of formation objectives. We used the case study as a methodological strategy which permits: studying a well-defined entity, [ ] as well as an academic institution; the global comprehension of the phenomenon of interest; discovering what is most essential and characteristic in the object. We counted with 17 teachers, 3 of which had their teaching practices observed. We observed the school routine, analyzed the main class documents and plans and interviewed the 17 teachers. We triangulated the data obtained by the routine observation, the observation of the three teachers practices and by the document analysis, next, we triangulated this data with the data from the analyzing the interviews with the 17 teachers. Such procedures reveal formation necessities in those teachers , such as: studying child cognitive development; reviewing the concepts of literacy teaching; reviewing fundaments of written language psychogenesis; reflecting on reading practices and literature; reflecting on the practice of daily planning; reflecting on the school s material conditions and the family/school relation. We concluded that researches of this nature contribute to the orientation of teacher formation programs

Nebular gas drag and co-orbital system dynamics

Aims. We study trajectories of planetesimals whose orbits decay due to gas drag in a primordial solar nebula and are perturbed by the gravity of the secondary body on an eccentric orbit whose mass ratio takes values from mu(2) = 10(-7) to mu(2) = 10(-3) increasing ten times at each step. Each planetesimal ultimately suffers one of the three possible fates: (1) trapping in a mean motion resonance with the secondary body; (2) collision with the secondary body and consequent increase of its mass; or (3) diffusion after crossing the orbit of the secondary body.Methods. We take the Burlirsh-Stoer numerical algorithm in order to integrate the Newtonian equations of the planar, elliptical restricted three-body problem with the secondary body and the planetesimal orbiting the primary. It is assumed that there is no interaction among planetesimals, and also that the gas does not affect the orbit of the secondary body.Results. The results show that the optimal value of the gas drag constant k for the 1: 1 resonance is between 0.9 and 1.25, representing a meter size planetesimal for each AU of orbital radius. In this study, the conditions of the gas drag are such that in theory, L4 no longer exists in the circular case for a critical value of k that defines a limit size of the planetesimal, but for a secondary body with an eccentricity larger than 0.05 when mu(2) = 10(-6), it reappears. The decrease of the cutoff collision radius increase the difusions but does not affect the distribution of trapping. The contribution to the mass accretion of the secondary body is over 40% with a collision radius 0.05R(Hill) and less than 15% with 0.005R(Hill) for mu(2) = 10(-7). The trappings no longer occur when the drag constant k reachs 30. That means that the size limit of planetesimal trapping is 0.2 m per AU of orbital radius. In most cases, this accretion occurs for a weak gas drag and small secondary eccentricity. The diffusions represent most of the simulations showing that gas drag is an efficient process in scattering planetesimals and that the trapping of planetesimals in the 1: 1 resonance is a less probable fate. These results depend on the specific drag force chosen.