Crítica à crítica de Platão à retórica

A questão da retórica, ou seja, da comunicação entre os indivíduos, tem preocupado diversos pensadores desde Platão aos autores contemporâneos, como Karl Popper, entre outros. Continua, por conseguinte, a estar no cerne da própria convivência entre os indivíduos na vida em sociedade.

Natureza Humana em Thomas Hobbes e Hans Morgenthau

O artigo discute a conceção de natureza humana presente na obra de Hans Morgenthau (1904-1980) a partir de seu clássico. A Política entre as Nações: a luta pelo poder e pela Paz, debatendo o seu papel para o conjunto de sua teoria. Aqui se discutem as diferenças entre esta conceção de Morgenthau e a de Thomas Hobbes, na qual se inspira, e as consequências disso para a relação entre Estado, sociedade e entre os próprios Estados na esfera internacional. Discute também a ligação dessa ontologia para o campo das relações internacionais, ligando ao debate da impossibilidade do Estado Mundial e sobre o fenómeno do equilíbrio de poder, na esferadoméstica e no cenário internacional.

Antropologia, Filosofia e Direito: para uma mudança de paradigma

Várias questões se põem na interseção entre a Filosofia e as Ciências Sociais e Humanas para a definição do Lugar do Outro no pensamento jurídico-político e no sentido de definir o que se entende por «natureza humana». Uma perspetiva antropológica se impõe no contexto do próprio pensamento político.

A ideologia do multiculturalismo

O que se entende por multiculturalismo e por interculturalismo? Qual a relação dialéctica entre a diversidade e a homogeneidade, no contexto da diversidade dos grupos sociais e humanos? Como salvaguardar o legado iluminista nas sociedades atuais? As abordagens de António Gramsci e de Michel Foucault.

Climate change justice: getting motivated in the last chance saloon

A key reason for pessimism with respect to greenhouse gas emissions reduction relates to the ‘motivation problem’, whereby those who could make the biggest difference prima facie have the least incentive to act because they are most able to adapt: how can we motivate such people (and thereby everyone else) to accept, indeed to initiate, the changes to their lifestyles that are required for effective emissions reductions? This paper offers an account inspired by Rawls of the good of membership of ‘intergenerational cooperative union’ to achieve justice that provides a solution to the motivation problem.

Internal doubts about Cohen's Rescue of Justice

G.A. Cohen's Rescuing Justice and Equality is the culmination of twenty years' work on Rawls's theory of justice. In this paper I distinguish three prongs of attack advanced by Cohen, and show how two of the prongs (the claim that egalitarianism includes productive demands and the claim that equality is best understood as 'luck egalitarianism') are incompatible.

Extending the golden thread? Criminalisation and the presumption of innocence

It seems to be widely accepted that the presumption of innocence, and the attendant standard of 'beyond reasonable doubt' properly apply in the courtroom as a procedural principle directly grounded in the moral imperative to avoid punishing those who should not be punished. In this article I argue that if this is correct, then we ought be as careful about what we criminalise, as we are about who we punish, since people can be wrongfully punished by criminalisation errors as well as by conviction errors.

When consent doesn't work: a rights-based case for limits to consent’s capacity to legitimise

Consent's capacity to legitimise actions and claims is limited by conditions such as coercion, which render consent ineffective. A better understanding of the limits to consent's capacity to legitimise can shed light on a variety of applied debates, in political philosophy, bioethics, economics and law. I show that traditional paternalist explanations for limits to consent's capacity to legitimise cannot explain the central intuition that consent is often rendered ineffective when brought about by a rights violation or threatened rights violation. I argue that this intuition is an expression of the same principles of corrective justice that underlie norms of compensation and rectification. I show how these principles can explain and clarify core intuitions about conditions which render consent ineffective, including those concerned with the consenting agent's option set, his mental competence, and available information.