Collecção das Leis do Imperio do Brasil de 1833

Parte 1 - Atos do Poder Legislativo

Collecção das Leis do Imperio do Brazil de 1880

Parte 1 - Atos do Poder Legislativo

Development of kelp rockfish, Sebastes atrovirens (Jordan and Gilbert 1880), and brown rockfish, S. auriculatus (Girard 1854), from birth to pelagic juvenile stage, with notes on early larval development of black-and-yellow rockfish, S. chrysomelas (Jordan and Gilbert 1880), reared in the laboratory (Pisces: Sebastidae).

Larval kelp (Sebastes atrovirens), brown (S. auriculatus), and blackand-yellow (S. chrysomelas) rockfish were reared from known adults, to preflexion stage, nine days after birth for S. chrysomelas, to late postflexion stage for S. atrovirens, and to pelagic juvenile stage for S. auriculatus. Larval S. atrovirens and S. chrysomelas were about 4.6 mm body length (BL) and S. auriculatus about 5.2 mm BL at birth. Both S. atrovirens and S. auriculatus underwent notochord flexion at about 6–9 mm BL. Sebastes atrovirens transform to the pelagic juvenile stage at about 14–16 mm BL and S. auriculatus transformed at ca. 25 mm BL. Early larvae of all three species were characterized by melanistic pigment dorsally on the head, on the gut, on most of the ventral margin of the tail, and in a long series on the dorsal margin of the tail. Larval S. atrovirens and S. auriculatus developed a posterior bar on the tail during the flexion or postflexion stage. In S. atrovirens xanthic pigment resembled the melanistic pattern throughout larval development. Larval S. auriculatus lacked xanthophores except on the head until late preflexion stage, when a pattern much like the melanophore pattern gradually developed. Larval S. chrysomelas had extensive xanthic pigmentation dorsally, but none ventrally, in preflexion stage. All members of the Sebastes subgenus Pteropodus (S. atrovirens, S. auriculatus, S. carnatus, S. caurinus, S. chrysomelas, S. dalli, S. maliger, S. nebulosus, S. rastrelliger) are morphologically similar and all share the basic melanistic pigment pattern described here. Although the three species reared in this study can be distinguished on the basis of xanthic pigmentation, it seems unlikely that it will be possible to reliably identify field-collected larvae to species using traditional morphological and melanistic pigmentation characters. (PDF file contains 36 pages.)

Activación de aldehídos a,b-insaturados mediante aminocatálisis en procesos enantioselectivos. Cicloadiciones (3+2) y reacciones en cascada Michael/Henry

During the research that it is summarized in the present memory, the activation of enals via iminium ion catalysis in different transformations has been studied. Firstly, a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between stable azomethine ylides and a,b-unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by a chiral imidazolidinone derivative has been optimized. Employing this methodology we have synthesized a large range of densely substituted pyrroloisoquinolines and pyrrolophthalazines with good yields and high values of diastereo- and enantioselectivity. Moreover, a mechanistic study has been carried out based on DFT calculations and experimental data which have allowed us to propose that the (3+2) cycloaddition reaction follows a sequential Michael addition/Mannich cyclization pathway. The formation of the iminium ion as a result of the condensation between the a,b-unsaturated aldehyde and the catalyst plays an essential role, regarding both reactivity and stereoselectivity. On the other hand we have developed a methodology to carry out a cascade Michael/Henry reaction followed by a sequential dehydration. Starting from simple substrates (2-nitromethylacrilates and a,b-unsaturated aldehydes) and employing a prolinol-derivative catalyst a series of quiral nitrocyclohexadienes have been synthesized.

Relatorio e synopse dos trabalhos da Camara dos Srs. Deputados : nas sessões do anno de 1880 : acompanhada de differentes documentos, quadros estatisticos e informações : organizados na Secretaria da Camara dos Deputados

Sinopse dos trabalhos da Câmara dos Deputados, em 1880.

Legal dimensions of the Chinese experience in Los Angeles, 1860-1880

On October 24, 1871, a massacre of eighteen Chinese in Los Angeles brought the small southern California settlement into the national spotlight. Within a few days, news of this “night of horrors” was reported in newspapers across the country. This massacre has been cited in Asian American narratives as the first documented outbreak of ethnic violence against a Chinese community in the United States. This is ironic because Los Angeles’ small population has generally placed it on the periphery in historical studies of the California anti-Chinese movement. Because the massacre predated Los Angeles’ organized Chinese exclusion movements of the late 1870s, it has often been erroneously dismissed as an aberration in the history of the city.

The violence of 1871 was an outburst highlighting existing community tensions that would become part of public debate by decade’s close. The purpose of this study is to insert the massacre into a broader context of anti-Chinese sentiments, legal discrimination, and dehumanization in nineteenth century Los Angeles. While a second incident of widespread anti-Chinese violence never occurred, brutal attacks directed at Chinese small businessmen and others highlighted continued community conflict. Similarly, economic rivalries and concerns over Chinese prostitution that underlay the 1871 massacre were manifest in later campaigns of economic discrimination and vice suppression that sought to minimize Chinese influence within municipal limits. An analysis of the massacre in terms of anti-Chinese legal, social and economic strategies in nineteenth-century Los Angeles will elucidate these important continuities.

Congregação da Escola Normal: da legitimidade outorgada à legitimidade (re) conquistada (1880-1910)

Investigar a forma como a Congregação da Escola Normal se legitimou no cenário político-educacional nos últimos anos do século XIX e nos primeiros anos do século XX é o objetivo de meu estudo. Surgida no Regulamento de criação da Escola Normal a Congregação, era composta pelos professores da instituição que ministravam aulas no curso de formação de professores para as escolas públicas primárias da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Estes professores eram intelectuais de procedências diversas, com experiência educacional, que se reuniam em sessões, sob a presidência e convite do Diretor da Escola Normal. A legitimação da Congregação foi conquistada pelo Regulamento de 1880, outorgado pelo Governo Imperial e, face ao trabalho e experiência dos congregados à frente desta instituição durante todo um ano, foi-lhes conferido ainda mais poder político, pela elaboração de um novo Regulamento para a Escola Normal, criando-se, então, um grupo diferenciado formado no campo intelectual, pelo conhecimento da formação de professores primários. A Congregação foi extinta em 1888. (Re) conquistando a legitimidade foi criado o Regulamento de 1890, elaborado por Benjamin Constant Botelho de Magalhães, ex- congregado, ex- presidente da Congregação por cinco anos consecutivos e na República ocupando o cargo de Ministro da Instrução Pública, Correios e Telégrafos. Esta pesquisa foi instigada por alguns documentos, ainda não investigados, do Centro de Memória Institucional do Instituto Superior de Educação do Rio de Janeiro, que possibilitaram conhecer a ação política- educacional desses intelectuais da Congregação. Tais fontes, confrontadas com outras de várias instituições de guarda de memória, possibilitaram uma visão não só da ação dos congregados, como de sua rede de sociabilidade dentro e fora da Escola Normal, assim como sua procedência, as estratégias utilizadas como instrumento político e o papel de Benjamin Constant Botelho de Magalhães, líder mais antigo deste grupo. A intervenção política da Congregação, advinda do trabalho realizado na Escola Normal, possibilitou que criassem uma autoimagem de executores do processo civilizador em curso no final do Império e início da República. Os embates travados por este grupo mostram a defesa intransigente da legitimação e o uso de instrumentos próprios da intelectualidade para não perdê-la outra vez.

La industria automovilística en EEUU de 1908 a 1973: Henry Ford y las nuevas formas de organización del trabajo.

[es]organización del trabajo en la industria del automovil en el s. XX.

All their eggs in one basket: a rocky reef nursery for the longnose skate (Raja rhina Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) in the southern California Bight

Skates (family Rajidae) are oviparous and lay tough, thick-walled eggs. At least some skate species lay their eggs in spatially restricted nursery grounds where embryos develop and hatch (Hitz, 1964; Hoff, 2007). After hatching, neonates may quickly leave the nursery grounds (Hoff, 2007). Egg densities in these small areas may be quite high. As an example, in the eastern Bering Sea, a site <2 km2 harbored eggs of Alaska skate (Bathyraja parmifera) exceeding 500,000/km2. All skate nursery grounds have been identified over soft sea floors (Lucifora and García, 2004; Hoff, 2007).

Anticlericalismo em mutação: as três versões de O Crime do Padre Amaro (1875-1876-1880), de Eça de Queirós

A pesquisa visa estudar as três versões de O Crime do Padre Amaro (1875, 1876, 1880) pelo viés da religiosidade, do anticlericalismo, da política. Ao abrir a dissertação, apresentar-se-á um quadro sucinto do momento histórico em que a obra foi escrita. A obra de José Maria Eça de Queirós costuma ser dividida em três fases: o primeiro momento, dito romântico, das Prosas Bárbaras (1866-1867) e da primeira versão de O Crime do Padre Amaro (1875); o segundo momento, quando, atraído pelas teorias do realismo/naturalismo, escreve a segunda e a terceira versões do Crime do Padre Amaro (1876 e 1880) e o Primo Basílio (1878); e o terceiro, desligado de normas específicas, de O Mandarim (1880), A Relíquia (1887), Os Maias (1888), A ilustre casa de Ramires (Póstumo, 1900) e A cidade e as serras (Póstumo, 1901). A história literária de O Crime do Padre Amaro inicia-se em 1875, e continua em duas outras edições, de 1876 e 1880. O objetivo do nosso estudo, ao revisitar as três versões de O Crime do Padre Amaro, é sobretudo analisar o processo de criação queirosiano na obra em tela, para, deste modo, identificar os pontos vitais que levaram o nosso autor a reescrevê-la duas vezes. Nossa hipótese maior de discussão para o problema levantado tem a ver com as teorias do realismo-naturalismo e com o anticlericalismo de Eça

Stanford University’s John Otterbein Snyder: Student, Collaborator, and Colleague of David Starr Jordan and Charles Henry Gilbert

John Otterbein Snyder (1867–1943) was an early student of David Starr Jordan at Stanford University and subsequently rose to become an assistant professor there. During his 34 years with the university he taught a wide variety of courses in various branches of zoology and advised numerous students. He eventually mentored 8 M.A. and 4 Ph.D. students to completion at Stanford. He also assisted in the collection of tens of thousands of fish specimens from the western Pacific, central Pacific, and the West Coast of North America, part of the time while stationed as “Naturalist” aboard the U.S. Fish Commission’s Steamer Albatross (1902–06). Although his early publications dealt mainly with fish groups and descriptions (often as a junior author with Jordan), after 1910 he became more autonomous and eventually rose to become one of the Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., experts on the West Coast. Throughout his career, he was especially esteemed by colleagues as “a stimulating teacher,” “an excellent biologist,” and “a fine man.

The Ragfish, Icosteus aenigmaticus Lockington, 1880: A Synthesis of Historical and Recent Records From the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea

Knowledge of the distribution and biology of the ragfish, Icosteus aenigmaticus, an aberrant deepwater perciform of the North Pacific Ocean, has increased slowly since the first description of the species in the 1880’s which was based on specimens retrieved from a fish monger’s table in San Francisco, Calif. As a historically rare, and subjectively unattractive appearing noncommercial species, ichthyologists have only studied ragfish from specimens caught and donated by fishermen or by the general public. Since 1958, I have accumulated catch records of >825 ragfish. Specimens were primarily from commercial fishermen and research personnel trawling for bottom and demersal species on the continental shelves of the eastern North Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, and the western Pacific Ocean, as well as from gillnet fisheries for Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., in the north central Pacific Ocean. Available records came from four separate sources: 1) historical data based primarily on published and unpublished literature (1876–1990), 2) ragfish delivered fresh to Humboldt State University or records available from the California Department of Fish and Game of ragfish caught in northern California and southern Oregon bottom trawl fisheries (1950–99), 3) incidental catches of ragfish observed and recorded by scientific observers of the commercial fisheries of the eastern Pacific Ocean and catches in National Marine Fisheries Service trawl surveys studying these fisheries from 1976 to 1999, and 4) Japanese government research on nearshore fisheries of the northwestern Pacific Ocean (1950–99). Limited data on individual ragfish allowed mainly qualitative analysis, although some quantitative analysis could be made with ragfish data from northern California and southern Oregon. This paper includes a history of taxonomic and common names of the ragfish, types of fishing gear and other techniques recovering ragfish, a chronology of range extensions into the North Pacific and Bering Sea, reproductive biology of ragfish caught by trawl fisheries off northern California and southern Oregon, and topics dealing with early, juvenile, and adult life history, including age and growth, food habits, and ecology. Recommendations for future study are proposed, especially on the life history of juvenile ragfish (5–30 cm FL) which remains enigmatic.

Charles Henry Gilbert (1859-1928), Naturalist-in-Charge, and Chauncey Thomas, Jr. (1850-1919), Commanding: Conflict Aboard the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross in 1902

Charles Henry Gilbert (1859-1928) was a pioneering ichthyologist who made major contributions to the study of fishes of the American West. As chairman of the Department ofZoology at Leland Stanford Junior University in Palo Alto, Calif., during 1891-1925, Gilbert was extremely devoted to his work and showed little patience with those ofa different mindset. While serving as Naturalist-in-Charge of the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during her exploratory expedition to the Hawaiian Islands in 1902, Gilbert engaged in an acrimonious feud with the ship's captain, Chauncey Thomas, Jr. (1850-1919), U.S.N., over what Gilbert perceived to be an inadequate effort by the captain. This essay focuses on the conflict between two strong figures, each operatingf rom different world views, and each vying for authority. Despite the difficulties these two men faced, the voyage of the Albatross in 1902 must be considered a success, as reflected by the extensive biological samples collected, the many new species of animals discovered, and the resulting publication of important scientific papers.

Charles Henry Gilbert (1859-1928), Naturalist-in-Charge: the 1906 North Pacific Expedition of the Steamer Albatross

Fishery science pioneers often faced challenges in their field work that are mostly unknown to modern biologists. Some of the travails faced by ichthyologist and, later, fishery biologist Charles Henry Gilbert (1859-1928) during his service as Naturalist-in-Charge of the North Pacific cruise ofthe U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Albatross in 1906, are described here, as are accomplishments of the cruise. The vessel left San Francisco, Calif., on 3 May 1906, just after the great San Francisco earthquake, for scientific exploration of waters of the Aleutian islands, Bering Sea, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and Japan, returning to San Francisco in December. Because the expedition occurred just after the war between Japan and Russia of 1904-05 floating derelict mines in Japanese waters were often a menace. Major storms caused havoc in the region, and the captain of the Albatross, Lieutenant Commander LeRoy Mason Garrett (1857-1906), U.S.N., was lost at sea, apparently thrown from the vessel during a sudden storm on the return leg of the cruise. Despite such obstacles, Gilbert and the Albatross successfully completed their assigned chores. They occupied 339 dredging and 48 hydrographic stations, and discovered over 180 new species of fishes and many new species of invertebrates. The expedition's extensive biological collections spawned over 30 descriptive publications, some of which remain today as standards of knowledge.

Entre o trono e o altar: sujeitos, instituições e saberes escolares na capital do império brasileiro (1860 a 1880)

A proposta deste estudo implicou explorar a hipótese de que eram múltiplas as forças que compunham o cenário de constituição das tradições escolares no século XIX e que a Igreja Católica figurava como uma delas. Nesta pesquisa buscou-se investigar sua presença no processo de escolarização Oitocentista, bem como as relações estabelecidas com o Estado Imperial. Reconhecendo a presença da instituição católica neste cenário, a proposta tencionou evidenciar aspectos das relações que a mesma procurou estabelecer com o poder público nos termos da gestão política e cultural. Entender a complexidade e historicidade desta força, a Igreja Católica, tornou-se primordial para refletir acerca de sua inscrição nos assuntos da educação, a partir de experiências relacionadas às escolas públicas e privadas no Oitocentos. Pretendeu igualmente, esquadrinhar experiências diversificadas de alguns sujeitos em relação ao projeto de instruir sob o signo católico, inquirir aspetos gerais do funcionamento de instituições criadas, mantidas, amparadas, autorizadas a fazer funcionar a engrenagem do ensino em nome do Estado Imperial e da Igreja Católica. Da mesma forma, tencionou interrogar a composição dos saberes nos planos de estudos dos estabelecimentos de ensino público e privado, observando nos termos da lei, a presença da doutrina cristã. Este conjunto de interesses será trabalhado a partir da proposição de quatro capítulos. Para tanto, trabalhou-se com uma massa documental composta por leis, reformas, ofícios, relatórios, artigos de jornais, propagandas, bulas papais, datados entre as décadas de 1860 e 1880