Simulação da destilação molecular de filme descendente para o petróleo

The heavy part of the oil can be used for numerous purposes, e.g. to obtain lubricating oils. In this context, many researchers have been studying alternatives such separation of crude oil components, among which may be mentioned molecular distillation. Molecular distillation is a forced evaporation technique different from other conventional processes in the literature. This process can be classified as a special distillation case under high vacuum with pressures that reach extremely low ranges of the order of 0.1 Pascal. The evaporation and condensation surfaces must have a distance from each other of the magnitude order of mean free path of the evaporated molecules, that is, molecules evaporated easily reach the condenser, because they find a route without obstacles, what is desirable. Thus, the main contribution of this work is the simulation of the falling-film molecular distillation for crude oil mixtures. The crude oil was characterized using UniSim® Design and R430 Aspen HYSYS® V8.5. The results of this characterization were performed in spreadsheets of Microsoft® Excel®, calculations of the physicochemical properties of the waste of an oil sample, i.e., thermodynamic and transport. Based on this estimated properties and boundary conditions suggested by the literature, equations of temperature and concentration profiles were resolved through the implicit finite difference method using the programming language Visual Basic® (VBA) for Excel®. The result of the temperature profile showed consistent with the reproduced by literature, having in their initial values a slight distortion as a result of the nature of the studied oil is lighter than the literature, since the results of the concentration profiles were effective allowing realize that the concentration of the more volatile decreases and of the less volatile increases due to the length of the evaporator. According to the transport phenomena present in the process, the velocity profile tends to increase to a peak and then decreases, and the film thickness decreases, both as a function of the evaporator length. It is concluded that the simulation code in Visual Basic® language (VBA) is a final product of the work that allows application to molecular distillation of petroleum and other similar mixtures.

Estudo do domínio segurança/proteção da NANDA internacional em pacientes de unidade de terapia intensiva

The study aimed to analyze the field of nursing diagnoses safety / protection of NANDA International present in patients in the Intensive Care Unit. This is a crosssectional study in intensive care complex of a university hospital in northeastern Brazil. The research took place in two stages. The first step was to collect data through an interview form and physical examination, with 86 patients admitted to the unit, during the months of December 2013 to May 2014. Spreadsheets were built in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 Software in which were marked by the researcher of this study, the presence or absence of defining characteristics, related factors and risk factors of the 31 studied diagnoses. In the second stage, held between July and August 2014, the sheets were sent to three diagnosticians, previously trained to perform the diagnostic inference. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics for the diagnoses that showed higher frequencies than 50%, using IBM SPSS version 20.0 for Statistic Windows.O project was approved by the 440/414 and Presentation Certificate for Ethics Assessment number 22955113 .2.0000.5292. The results indicated the presence of 29 field of nursing diagnoses safety / protection in hospital clientele in the Intensive Care Unit, of which five were present in 100% of patients, namely: Risk of contamination, injury risk, falls risk,risk of allergic response and risk of trauma. Diagnoses that presented more frequently than 50% were: Risk of infection, dry eye risk, poisoning risk, vascular trauma risk, impaired skin integrity, impaired dentition, bleeding risk, risk imbalance in body temperature, Risk perioperative positioning injury, impaired tissue integrity, peripheral neurovascular dysfunction Risk, Risk adverse response to contrast media with iodine, shock Hazard and Risk of aspiration. For these analyzes, we identified 35 risk factors, 11 defining characteristics and three related factors showed statistically significant association with the studied diagnoses. For diagnostics: Risk of contamination, injury risk, falls risk, allergic response risk, trauma Risk, Risk of infection, dry eye risk and risk poisoning there was no association with any of their risk factors. We conclude that most of the area of nursing diagnoses safety / protection feature is prevalent in critically ill patients, with special attention to the risk diagnoses. There was a significant association between these diagnoses and its components. It is noteworthy, therefore, that the lifting of this profile contributes relevant clues to the inference of the priority nursing diagnoses domain safety / protection in the study population, supporting the practice of nursing and stimulating knowledge on the subject.

Condições de trabalho e saúde psíquica de servidores técnico-administrativos da UFRN

Unfavorable working conditions constitute one of the factors that may contribute to cause psychic suffering and behavioral disorders in workers. This research aimed to characterize the working conditions public servant technical- administrative , specifically the auxiliaries and assistants in administration of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN, Natal, Brasil, as well to identify the incidence of psychic suffering in this group of public servants. As a strategy, we chose a case study of multi-method type, descriptive with quantitative and qualitative sequential steps. For this, it initially performed desk research by surveying epidemiological data for these public servants working in central campus, to identify the major diseases presented in the period from January 2011 to June 2014. Then, we proceeded to diagnostic step of the aspects related to work, by applying online and in loco of Working Conditions Survey (already validated by Borges et al., 2013a) in 11 sectors selected according to the following criteria: high number of workers public servants and major and minor percentage of absences for health care for ICD-F (according to records of Sector of Workers Health Care - DAS). In the treatment of the data the spreadsheet editor software Microsoft Office Excel and statistical SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences were used and made qualifying type of content analysis of open questions. Applied to this study 174 public servants and the results show a predominance of absenteeism due to mental or behavioral disorders (ICD F), musculoskeletal diseases (ICD M) and respiratory system (ICD J). Among the factors that were significant are the working hours (contractual and legal); Physical Effort (M = 2.59) and workspace (M = 2.58) - physical and material conditions; encouraging collaboration (M = 3.5) - processes and characteristics of the work; and participation (M = 1.78) - social-management environment. Therefore, it infers the existence of a relationship between these factors and some of the reasons for absenteeism reported by participants. It is suggested the expansion of this research with studies involving other professionals (including scholarship workers and contractors) and specific sectors.

Depreciação no serviço público: reconhecimento e evidenciação nas demonstrações contábeis dos estados e municípios brasileiros

Public institutions, as well as other entities, if use of various assets for development of its activities. These assets are tools that help with the generation of benefit present and future. For the assets that compound the Property, Plant and Equipament, this loss of generation of future benefits is called Depreciation and must be recognized as an expense in the period in which it occurs. This way, be considered as an expense, the depreciation has negative influence on the composition of the entity’s income, as this is the result of the confrontation between revenue and expenditure incurred in the same period. The Brazilian legislation regulates it is necessary to recognize and disclosure in the financial statements, all of the situations that interfere with the composition of economic and financial income of the public institution. The main objective of this work was to verify if the states and cities recognize and disclosure the depreciation on their Statements of Financial Position. The data were extracted from datas of the Brazilian public administration’s entities.. The sample analyzed is 100% of the States (including the Federal District) and 91% of the Brazilian cities. The research found the historical evolution of the expenditure with depreciation, evidenced in the balance sheets of the Brazilian cities, in the last 10 years, in the period 1999 to 2008. The results indicate that 10 Brazilian states (37 %) did not show the depreciation of fixed assets in the Statements of Financial Position of the year 2008. The situation is even more worrying in relation to cities, because 4,971 (98.4 %) of 5,050 municipalities not evidenced the depreciation. The evidence found in this study indicate that public entities do not recognize the expense with depreciation, which may indicate that the economic income and financial position presented in the financial statements of these public entities does not accurately reflect the actual situation of institutional performance.

Tecnologia social para autogestão : um estudo em empreendedorismo econômico solidário da cadeia produtiva da cajucultura no Rio Grande do Norte

The theme of this dissertation is social technology for self-management: a study in economic enterprise supportive of Rio Grande do Norte. The research aimed to obtain evidence that the reapplication of technology management, basic economic-financial and pricing, as production costs, has the potential to contribute to the self-management of APABV. The social technology and self-management are theoretical frameworks used and where workers are central figures in both the generation and replication of technologies that are compatible with their realities, as in the conduct and management approach adopted by them in their venture, they are makers decisions. To achieve the proposed objective was accomplished participatory research, which was used in addition to document analysis, participatory methodologies such as the construction of the DRP, group interview, experience in the production environment and family of entrepreneurs APABV. This research allowed the management technologies such as spreadsheets controls basic economic and financial costs, when socialized and understood by workers has the potential informational and become part of their daily decision-making process of the project, making up social technology

Análise de métodos de predição de conforto térmico de habitação em clima quente-úmido com condicionamento passivo

The assessment of building thermal performance is often carried out using HVAC energy consumption data, when available, or thermal comfort variables measurements, for free-running buildings. Both types of data can be determined by monitoring or computer simulation. The assessment based on thermal comfort variables is the most complex because it depends on the determination of the thermal comfort zone. For these reasons, this master thesis explores methods of building thermal performance assessment using variables of thermal comfort simulated by DesignBuilder software. The main objective is to contribute to the development of methods to support architectural decisions during the design process, and energy and sustainable rating systems. The research method consists on selecting thermal comfort methods, modeling them in electronic sheets with output charts developed to optimize the analyses, which are used to assess the simulation results of low cost house configurations. The house models consist in a base case, which are already built, and changes in thermal transmittance, absorptance, and shading. The simulation results are assessed using each thermal comfort method, to identify the sensitivity of them. The final results show the limitations of the methods, the importance of a method that considers thermal radiance and wind speed, and the contribution of the chart proposed

Violência contra a mulher: estudo das ocorrências registradas na Delegacia Especializada de atendimento às mulheres – Rio Grande-RS

Introdução: no Brasil, a violência contra a mulher foi reconhecida somente com a Convenção Belém do Pará, em 1995. A partir daí, inúmeras medidas para prevenção e combate foram instituídas, entre elas a criação das Delegacias Especializadas de Atendimento às Mulheres (DEAM) e a Lei Maria da Penha. No entanto, muitas mulheres ainda são vitimadas, na maioria das vezes dentro do próprio lar. Objetivos: delinear o perfil das mulheres vítimas de violência; identificar as formas de violência registradas na DEAM da cidade do Rio Grande/RS; identificar os motivos que levam à prática da violência e descrever os atos violentos perpetrados, por parceiro íntimo, às mulheres que registraram ocorrência na DEAM. Metodologia: estudo documental, quanti e qualitativo, de natureza exploratória, descritiva e delineamento transversal. Fizeram parte do estudo todas as ocorrências cujas vítimas eram mulheres com 18 anos ou mais. O espaço temporal adotado estendeu-se de agosto de 2009, quando foi implantada a delegacia, a dezembro de 2011. Os dados foram coletados entre outubro de 2011 e março de 2012. Para a coleta, foi elaborado e aprovado, após testagem, um instrumento contendo informações acerca do agressor, da vítima, bem como do tipo de violência praticada. Os dados foram digitados em planilhas do tipo Excel. A análise quantitativa foi efetuada por meio de estatística descritiva e do software estatístico SPSS versão 17.0. Para o estudo qualitativo utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Esse projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa na Área da Saúde, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande sob Parecer no 137/2011. Resultados: estão descritos em dois artigos. Analisaram-se 902 ocorrências policiais evidenciando-se que a maioria das vitimas eram mulheres brancas, jovens, com baixa escolaridade. Ainda foi possível identificar que o Centro da cidade ocupou a segunda posição como local de moradia das vítimas, desmitificando a idéia de que a violência predomina na periferia. A violência física prevaleceu nos registros notificados, seguida do descumprimento de ordem judicial. Além disso, encontrou-se a reincidência de denúncias, o que pode estar atrelado à morosidade judicial. Observou-se também, que existem diversos motivos desencadeadores da violência, no entanto todos eles apresentam como pano de fundo as questões associadas ao gênero. A simultaneidade da violência bem como a extensão aos filhos, família e sociedade retratam a gravidade do fenômeno e a necessidade de se rever a resolutividade das medidas protetivas e das penas atribuídas aos agressores. Conclusões: este estudo expôs, parcialmente, a situação da violência contra a mulher no município, pois se sabe que existem muitos casos velados que não chegam a ser notificados. Entretanto, evidenciou-se o predomínio da violência física cometida por parceiro íntimo repercutindo em graves consequências à vida das vítimas. Assim, julga-se ímpar a implementação de uma rede efetiva de apoio a essas mulheres bem como a atuação de equipe multidisciplinar capacitada, coesa e sensível ao problema, incluindo os profissionais da saúde, que precisam, ainda, estar ciente da obrigatoriedade da notificação compulsória, fundamental para a formulação de novas políticas públicas de combate e prevenção a esse fenômeno.

Educação financeira no ensino médio: uma abordagem por meio da análise de produtos financeiros com ênfase em consórcios

This paper presents a differential approach of financial mathematics developed in high school, focusing on financial education. We seek through the insertion of texts, analysis of some financial products and by the interpretation of problems to contribute to the financial training of students. Aiming to make financial mathematics more attractive and accessible to the day-today, there are available for studies some practical tools like the citizen calculator which are available for computers and mobile phones. As well as spreadsheets and software Geogebra, that allow you to compare and analyze the financial costs of consortia, financing and financial applications,in addition to being allied in the preparation and control of personal and family budget. By applying the teaching sequence proposed in a nocturnal class of high school, we realized some difficulties that have limited the financial learning of math concepts.Yet identified progress regarding the financial education of students. These observations were made through qualitative and quantitative analysis from notes in the field diary and also answers given by students in specific form.

Preservação do acervo histórico do centro acadêmico XXXI de Outubro da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo

A preservação documental justifica-se pela importância do acervo documental existente no Centro Acadêmico XXXI de Outubro da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, a fim de propiciar a organização e o acesso a futuros pesquisadores interessados pela história da enfermagem, bem como resguardar a memória coletiva dessa profissão. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos higienizar, organizar e elaborar um inventário da documentação do Centro Acadêmico XXXI da Escola de Enfermagem da USP. Metodologicamente, os documentos foram submetidos às análises diplomática e tipológica e, em seguida, foram higienizados e organizados, de modo arquivístico, segundo afinidades temáticas. Em seguida, foram elaboradas planilhas, no programa Excel. Os resultados revelaram uma massa documental vasta, dando origem a um total de 9 temáticas, que totalizam a quantidade de 1028 documentos: União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE) (134); União Estadual dos Estudantes (UEE) (131); Correspondências Recebidas (geral) (76); Correspondências Recebidas – USP (140); Entidades estudantis e Instituições de Enfermagem (60); Correspondências expedidas (229); Organização Financeira (150); Documentação Esparsas (99) e Material Iconográfico e Jornalístico (9). O presente trabalho possibilitou um novo olhar sobre o valor do documento como fonte de pesquisas e ressignificou o lócus social da memória coletiva.

Cadmium availability and accumulation by lettuce and rice

Among the toxic elements, Cd has received considerable attention in view of its association with a number of human health problems. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the Cd availability and accumulation in soil, transfer rate and toxicity in lettuce and rice plants grown in a Cd-contaminated Typic Hapludox. Two simultaneous greenhouse experiments with lettuce and rice test plants were conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of four Cd rates (CdCl2), 0.0; 1.3; 3.0 and 6.0 mg kg(-1), based on the guidelines recommended by the Environmental Agency of the State of São Paulo, Brazil (Cetesb). Higher Cd rates increased extractable Cd (using Mehlich-3, Mehlich-1 and DTPA chemical extractants) and decreased lettuce and rice dry matter yields. However, no visual toxicity symptoms were observed in plants. Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and DTPA extractants were effective in predicting soil Cd availability as well as the Cd concentration and accumulation in plant parts. Cadmium concentration in rice remained below the threshold for human consumption established by Brazilian legislation. on the other hand, lettuce Cd concentration in edible parts exceeded the acceptable limit.

Fração de mineralização de compostos nitrogenados de lodos de esgoto: protocolo de laboratório.

A geração excessiva de nitrato é um dos grandes riscos ambientais da aplicação de lodos de esgoto em solos, pela possibilidade da contaminação de corpos d'água. Para o cálculo da quantidade de lodo de esgoto a ser aplicada a solos agrícolas, um dos critérios que podem ser utilizados baseia-se na quantidade de N inorgânico que o resíduo poderá gerar: a fração de mineralização de nitrogênio (FMN). Como há poucas estimativas desse índice no Brasil, quanto a tipos de solo, clima e tipos de tratamentos aplicados aos esgotos, o valor atualmente preconizado pelos órgãos regulatórios é baseado em dados obtidos em clima temperado (Cetesb, 1999; Conama, 2006). O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um protocolo para obtenção de estimativas para a FMN de lodos de esgoto aplicados em solos.

Tecnologia social para autogestão : um estudo em empreendedorismo econômico solidário da cadeia produtiva da cajucultura no Rio Grande do Norte

The theme of this dissertation is social technology for self-management: a study in economic enterprise supportive of Rio Grande do Norte. The research aimed to obtain evidence that the reapplication of technology management, basic economic-financial and pricing, as production costs, has the potential to contribute to the self-management of APABV. The social technology and self-management are theoretical frameworks used and where workers are central figures in both the generation and replication of technologies that are compatible with their realities, as in the conduct and management approach adopted by them in their venture, they are makers decisions. To achieve the proposed objective was accomplished participatory research, which was used in addition to document analysis, participatory methodologies such as the construction of the DRP, group interview, experience in the production environment and family of entrepreneurs APABV. This research allowed the management technologies such as spreadsheets controls basic economic and financial costs, when socialized and understood by workers has the potential informational and become part of their daily decision-making process of the project, making up social technology

Inventário estadual de emissão de gases de efeito estufa no setor agropecuário.

2009

Análise de métodos de predição de conforto térmico de habitação em clima quente-úmido com condicionamento passivo

The assessment of building thermal performance is often carried out using HVAC energy consumption data, when available, or thermal comfort variables measurements, for free-running buildings. Both types of data can be determined by monitoring or computer simulation. The assessment based on thermal comfort variables is the most complex because it depends on the determination of the thermal comfort zone. For these reasons, this master thesis explores methods of building thermal performance assessment using variables of thermal comfort simulated by DesignBuilder software. The main objective is to contribute to the development of methods to support architectural decisions during the design process, and energy and sustainable rating systems. The research method consists on selecting thermal comfort methods, modeling them in electronic sheets with output charts developed to optimize the analyses, which are used to assess the simulation results of low cost house configurations. The house models consist in a base case, which are already built, and changes in thermal transmittance, absorptance, and shading. The simulation results are assessed using each thermal comfort method, to identify the sensitivity of them. The final results show the limitations of the methods, the importance of a method that considers thermal radiance and wind speed, and the contribution of the chart proposed

Resistência aos pesticidas piretróides em populações de Rhipicephalus microplus e aos piretróides e organofosforados em Haematobia irritans colhidas em rebanhos de corte no Estado de São Paulo.

A crescente resistência aos pesticidas em populações do carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus e da mosca-dos-chifres Haematobia irritans tem provocado prejuízos aos pecuaristas do Brasil. Testes fenotípicos, que detectam a suscetibilidade de diferentes populações desses parasitas a vários pesticidas estão disponíveis e deveriam ser usados com maior frequência, como critério na seleção de bases com melhor eficácia. Testes que detectam mutações específicas devido ao uso de pesticidas piretroides e organofosforados foram recentemente desenvolvidos e servem para monitorar a ocorrência de altos níveis de resistência, tendo em vista que a resistência ocorre somente em parasitas submetidos a tratamentos constantes com o mesmo princípio químico. Assim neste experimento foi investigado o uso dos pesticidas nas fazendas de gado de corte no estado de São Paulo e a resistência fenotípica e genotípica dos carrapatos e mosca-dos-chifres colhidos nesses rebanhos. Além disso, os testes genotípicos foram validados para as populações de parasitas e padronizados para serem usados na rotina do Laboratório de Sanidade Animal da Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste. Foram testadas dez populações de moscas e dez de carrapatos, Resistência aos pesticidas piretróides em populações de Rhipicephalus microplus e aos piretróides e organofosforados em Haematobia irritans colhidas em rebanhos de corte no Estado de São Paulo colhidas em propriedades rurais no estado de São Paulo. As moscas foram submetidas aos testes com papéis de filtro impregnados com cipermetrina e diazinon, e os carrapatos, ao Teste do Pacote de Larvas (LPT) impregnado com cipermetrina. Os resultados de mortalidade dos parasitas para cada diluição do inseticida foram anotados em planilhas e analisadas pelo procedimento Probit do programa Statistical Analisys System (SAS), para a obtenção das concentrações letais para 50% (CL50) e para 90% (CL90) e o cálculo do Fator de Resistência (FR) das populações de parasitas. As moscas que sobreviveram às maiores concentrações dos pesticidas foram submetidas à extração do DNA para a pesquisa de mutação específica para resistência a cipermetrina (KDR e sKDR) e diazinon (G262A). As larvas de carrapatos sobreviventes foram submetidas à extração de DNA individualmente e testadas para a mutação do tipo KDR. Das 17 propriedades amostradas para moscas e carrapatos, 11 tinham rebanhos compostos por animais Bos taurus indicus (10 propriedades de Nelore e uma de Guzerá), três de Bos t. taurus (uma de Caracu e duas de Angus) e três de bovinos cruzados. Os responsáveis pelos rebanhos taurinos afirmaram que o principal problema era o carrapato, no caso da raça Angus, e a mosca-dos-chifres, no caso da Caracu. Para os rebanhos de animais cruzados, os dois ectoparasitas eram igualmente difíceis de combater e, para os zebuínos, a mosca-dos-chifres era o principal problema. Os inseticidas do grupo dos piretroides foram os mais usados nos rebanhos estudados (11/17), seguidos da combinação piretroide + fosforado (4/17) e abamectina (2/17). As populações de H. irritans mostraram FR entre 0,75 e 6.434,26 para a cipermetrina e, apesar disso, apenas 3,79% das moscas genotipadas (n=686) apresentavam o alelo mutante para KDR e nenhuma para sKDR. Para o diazinon, os FR variaram entre 1,00 e 103,00 e das 587 moscas testadas, nenhuma apresentou o alelo mutante para resistência. Os testes com os carrapatos mostraram FR entre 1,00 e 718,52. A mutação KDR só foi detectada em 3,6% (com o genótipo heterozigoto SR) e 0,48% (com o genótipo homozigoto RR) das 631 larvas testadas. Podemos concluir que, no estado de São Paulo, existem populações de H. irritans e R. microplus resistentes aos grupos pesticidas piretroides e organofosforados, sendo predominante nas populações avaliadas a resistência aos piretroides. Os pecuaristas deverão ser instruídos no sentido de resguardar ao máximo esses princípios químicos, uma vez que poderão se tornar ineficientes em um curto período de tempo no controle da maioria das populações de ectoparasitas presentes nos rebanhos bovinos paulistas.