938 resultados para Piratas País Vasco (Francia) s.XVIII-XIX


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La presente investigación muestra el proceso de construcción de las sociedades negras de la cuenca del río Santiago, que se inicia con la llegada de esclavizados de las minas neogranadinas, en el siglo XVIII, con el fin de abrir una nueva frontera minera y prestar su contingente en los proyectos viales ideados por las autoridades para unir la Sierra con la Costa. El contexto peculiar de la región de Esmeraldas, de carácter marginal, caracterizado por la condición libre de la población negra, junto a un tipo de esclavitud particular en la que no predominaron las formas coercitivas, permitió a los esclavos, a partir de las cuadrillas, desplegar una serie de dispositivos efectivos y tomar posesión de las minas y sus espacios aledaños, dando lugar a la conformación de sociedades domésticas fortalecidas por lazos de parentesco y de solidaridad. Con la fase independentista, las sociedades esclavizadas del distrito minero van a participar a favor de la causa insurgente, motivados por el interés de continuar con su proyecto étnico de conformación social e identidades colectivas en medio de la libertad y legitimado por el nuevo Estado republicano. Con este interés se enrolaron como soldados de las fuerzas insurgentes, actuaron como chasquis y espías en los caminos, y generaron rumores entre la población, causando estragos a las fuerzas realistas. Esta dinámica de identidad y resistencia negra continuó en la república cuando las sociedades negras, en su lucha por el territorio, autonomía y libertad, frente a la intención del Estado nacional de integrar a los sectores excluidos mediante la ley de abolición de la esclavitud, se automanumitieron. Un acto de franco rechazo a una política de los sectores dominantes que, desde la Colonia, marcaron la presencia de fronteras sociales y culturales que los marginó y negó toda posibilidad de existencia digna. Para la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, frente a un nuevo escenario caracterizado por la presencia de empresas extranjeras, que iniciaron formas laborales represivas y usurpación de las tierras, la población liberta se conformó como comunidad del río Santiago y emprendió una nueva lucha, la compra del territorio, como una forma de legitimar sus sociedades. Más tarde y frente al permanente ambiente de agresión, debieron venderlas a los extranjeros, pero antes negociaron su vinculación laboral y su permanencia y de las futuras generaciones, un recurso que les permitió continuar ejerciendo su territorialidad y defendiendo su forma de vida en libertad.

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The diachronic studies marked the first decades of the 20th century in Brazilian linguistics, passing by an ostracism period after the 50s. Mainly from the 90s especially with the project, created in 1997, Para a história do português brasileiro (PHPB), which has systemized, in national ambit, the programme related to the area of diachrony the historical studies retake forces and have gradually increased since then. Our work is set in the new scene of Brazilian historical linguistics and it is associated to two research programmes: i) the constitution of a diachronic corpus; ii) the diachrony of text and discourse. As regards the first programme, we made effort to constitute a diachronic corpus of official letters about Rio Grande do Norte, we called cartas oficiais norte-rio-grandenses, written in 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. The chosen for bureaucrat letters occurred for they represent a textual category very productive in historical contexts, mostly 18th and 19th centuries, in which the command of writing was the least and also because they bring, almost always explicitly, the information of where, when, for whom and from whom, as remembers Fonseca (2003). The rules for constituting the corpus were based, although not strictly, on the orientation from PHPB. In respect to the second programme, we set up on the ideas of coserian base came from the studies on discourse traditions (TD) (Koch, 1997; Kabatek, 2006) amongst which that the texts are shaped so as to follow their own tradition (Coseriu, 2007), and we turned to Diplomatics (Belloto, 2002) in order to do the characterization of this corpus by the application of concepts from Diplomatics and TD as well as by the presentation of the structures that form those official letters: their textual genres, a kind of TD, with their macrostructures; and some of their formulaic expressions (microstructures), another sort of TD. This stage of characterizing will pay attention, as far as possible, to the dynamic between tradition and innovation that happen in the actualization of those textual structures along the centuries. This work intends to contribute with the researches connected to Historical Linguistics in Rio Grande do Norte, more specifically the ones related to the constitution of diachronic corpora and to TD; and with the study of official documents, textual category about which there are almost no studies (cf. Silveira, 2007)

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This dissertation is a research on the marked topic construction (CT) in Brazilian personal letters from eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The goal of our research is to verify if CT are present in the writing of Brazilians born in the centuries in question. Our research focus is based on the assumptions of generative theory (CHOMSKY 1981; 1986), which states that grammar is internalized in the mind / brain of the writers, with the emphasis on studies of grammatical change, as pointed texts by Paixão de Sousa (2004), Carneiro (2005); Galves, Namiuti and Paixão de Sousa (2006) and Martins (2009). Our corpus was extracted from Projeto Para a História do Português Brasileiro (PHPB) and Cartas Brasileiras coletânea de fontes para o estudo do português. We selected forty-six correspondents who should be inserted into the two criteria set out in this research: to be Brazilian and be born in the centuries mentioned above, so that we could find legitimate topic constructions of PB. This work is based on researches by Pontes (1987), Mateus et al. (2003), Araujo (2006, 2009), Berlinck, Duarte and Oliveira (2009), which actively support us in the study of this linguistic phenomenon in Portuguese. The results show that the marked topic construction in our corpus appear on the writing of Brazilians since the second half of the eighteenth century, while the typical constructions in Brazilian Portuguese locative topic, subject topic and copy topic - are already reflected in the I-language of the writers born in the second half of the nineteenth century and the first of the twentieth century

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Ao inventariarmos as grandes celebrações da monarquia portuguesa, encontraremos algumas que são cerimoniais eminentemente religiosos. Dentre eles, há a procissão do Anjo da Guarda do Reino de Portugal (no terceiro domingo de julho), instituída no século XVI como celebração da realeza, das quais toda a Corte participava e eram realizadas por todo o reino português. Também as aclamações de Da. Maria I (1777) e D. João VI (1818) utilizam elementos de caráter religioso (símbolos e idéias). Estas celebrações colocam-nos a hipótese de uma série de articulações entre os procedimentos religiosos e o poder real. em função do exame daquelas procissões e destes cerimoniais, procuramos esboçar uma imagem do rei português: um rei-protetor, detentor de um poder de salvação.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Vídeo grabado en Bilbao