1000 resultados para Piccole e medie imprese - Rischi - Valutazione - Modelli econometrici


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Nel presente lavoro di tesi ci si è occupati dello studio del comportamento idraulico-ambientale della rete di drenaggio a servizio della città di Modena. In particolare si è condotta una valutazione dell’effetto che gli scaricatori della rete fognaria in oggetto hanno sul complesso dei corpi idrici riceventi. Tale lavoro si prefigge anche lo scopo di individuare e dimensionare i più efficaci sistemi di controllo degli sversamenti, operati dagli scaricatori stessi, ed infine supportare analisi costi-benefici in vista della realizzazione delle opere di risanamento ambientale necessarie per ottemperare ai vincoli imposti dalla vigente normativa regionale in merito alla gestione delle acque di prima pioggia (Deliberazione G.R. Emilia Romagna 286/2005). Lo studio si è articolato in fasi successive: • analisi dello stato di fatto; • catalogazione degli scaricatori in esercizio nella rete di drenaggio; • determinazione ed analisi dei bacini idrografici e delle superfici scolanti; • implementazione di un modello numerico della rete di drenaggio; • individuazione e valutazione delle criticità idraulico-ambientali del sistema, mediante simulazioni in continuo delle serie pluviometriche degli anni 2005 e 2006. L’attività che ha portato al conseguimento dei risultati che sono raccolti in questa “nota” è stata svolta in collaborazione con la società HERA Modena s.r.l. a cui compete, fra le altre, la gestione dell’intera rete di drenaggio urbano del Comune di Modena. La fase di analisi dello stato di fatto e delle superfici scolanti afferenti ai singoli sottobacini è stata condotta utilizzando lo strumento GIS Arcview; il quale è di supporto, anche ai fini di un’appropriata definizione delle caratteristiche specifiche del territorio. Lo studio è stato sviluppato mediante la realizzazione di un modello numerico di simulazione quali-quantitativa con l’ausilio del software InfoWorks CS 8.05, distribuito dalla Wallingford Software Ltd UK.

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Background. The surgical treatment of dysfunctional hips is a severe condition for the patient and a costly therapy for the public health. Hip resurfacing techniques seem to hold the promise of various advantages over traditional THR, with particular attention to young and active patients. Although the lesson provided in the past by many branches of engineering is that success in designing competitive products can be achieved only by predicting the possible scenario of failure, to date the understanding of the implant quality is poorly pre-clinically addressed. Thus revision is the only delayed and reliable end point for assessment. The aim of the present work was to model the musculoskeletal system so as to develop a protocol for predicting failure of hip resurfacing prosthesis. Methods. Preliminary studies validated the technique for the generation of subject specific finite element (FE) models of long bones from Computed Thomography data. The proposed protocol consisted in the numerical analysis of the prosthesis biomechanics by deterministic and statistic studies so as to assess the risk of biomechanical failure on the different operative conditions the implant might face in a population of interest during various activities of daily living. Physiological conditions were defined including the variability of the anatomy, bone densitometry, surgery uncertainties and published boundary conditions at the hip. The protocol was tested by analysing a successful design on the market and a new prototype of a resurfacing prosthesis. Results. The intrinsic accuracy of models on bone stress predictions (RMSE < 10%) was aligned to the current state of the art in this field. The accuracy of prediction on the bone-prosthesis contact mechanics was also excellent (< 0.001 mm). The sensitivity of models prediction to uncertainties on modelling parameter was found below 8.4%. The analysis of the successful design resulted in a very good agreement with published retrospective studies. The geometry optimisation of the new prototype lead to a final design with a low risk of failure. The statistical analysis confirmed the minimal risk of the optimised design over the entire population of interest. The performances of the optimised design showed a significant improvement with respect to the first prototype (+35%). Limitations. On the authors opinion the major limitation of this study is on boundary conditions. The muscular forces and the hip joint reaction were derived from the few data available in the literature, which can be considered significant but hardly representative of the entire variability of boundary conditions the implant might face over the patients population. This moved the focus of the research on modelling the musculoskeletal system; the ongoing activity is to develop subject-specific musculoskeletal models of the lower limb from medical images. Conclusions. The developed protocol was able to accurately predict known clinical outcomes when applied to a well-established device and, to support the design optimisation phase providing important information on critical characteristics of the patients when applied to a new prosthesis. The presented approach does have a relevant generality that would allow the extension of the protocol to a large set of orthopaedic scenarios with minor changes. Hence, a failure mode analysis criterion can be considered a suitable tool in developing new orthopaedic devices.

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a large family of proteinases that remodel extracellular matrix (ECM) component. Recent data suggest a role for MMPs in a number of renal pathophysiologies, associated with an imbalance of ECM syntesis and degradation, which may result in an accumulation of ECM molecules and renal fibrosis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of pro and activated MMP-2 and 9 in urine and renal tissue of healty and nephropatic dogs. Renal tissue of 8 healty dogs and either renal tissue and urine of 9 nephropatic dogs was collected and analize using zimographic method, which is been validated in this study. Either MMPs zimographic bands were present in almost all samples. In particular, pro and activated MMP-9 zimographic bands were poorly represent in renal tissue of healty dogs, whereas were very represent in nephropatic dogs. Pro and activated MMP-2 was present in either tissue of healty and nephropatic dogs. In urine of nephropatic dogs, pro and activated MMP-9 was more evident than MMP-2, but there was not correlaction with renal tissue levels, therefore urine levels of MMPs have poorly usefulness in diagnostic pratice. The values of Pro and activated MMP-9 in nephropatic dogs were significantly higher compared with normal dogs (p < 0,05), whereas there was not statistically meaningful for Pro and activated MMP-2. In conclusion, in this study we have validated a zimographic method for renal tissue of dogs and we have illustrated the changes in nephropatic dogs, which may be useful for further study.

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La presente tesi analizza il comportamento differito in una prova di flessione su quattro punti su una trave prefabbricata con getto di soletta integrativa in opera. Sono riportati i risultati della prova di carico e di rottura sulla trave. Le prove sono state eseguite presso il Laboratorio di Prove Strutture (DISTART) dell'Università di Bologna. La trave è composta di due tipi di calcestreuzzo, realizzati in tempi diversi e con proprietà meccaniche diverse. L'obiettivo della campagna sperimentale è studiare l'effetto delle fasi di costruzione sull'evoluzione delle tensioni e delle deformazioni nel tempo e sulla resistenza ultima della trave. Il comportamento sperimentale è stato confrontato con i risultati numerici ottenuti con un modello a fibre in grado di cogliere anche i fenomeni legati al creep.