Independent component analysis of microarray data in the study of endometrial cancer.

Gene microarray technology is highly effective in screening for differential gene expression and has hence become a popular tool in the molecular investigation of cancer. When applied to tumours, molecular characteristics may be correlated with clinical features such as response to chemotherapy. Exploitation of the huge amount of data generated by microarrays is difficult, however, and constitutes a major challenge in the advancement of this methodology. Independent component analysis (ICA), a modern statistical method, allows us to better understand data in such complex and noisy measurement environments. The technique has the potential to significantly increase the quality of the resulting data and improve the biological validity of subsequent analysis. We performed microarray experiments on 31 postmenopausal endometrial biopsies, comprising 11 benign and 20 malignant samples. We compared ICA to the established methods of principal component analysis (PCA), Cyber-T, and SAM. We show that ICA generated patterns that clearly characterized the malignant samples studied, in contrast to PCA. Moreover, ICA improved the biological validity of the genes identified as differentially expressed in endometrial carcinoma, compared to those found by Cyber-T and SAM. In particular, several genes involved in lipid metabolism that are differentially expressed in endometrial carcinoma were only found using this method. This report highlights the potential of ICA in the analysis of microarray data.

Thickness of the near-interface regions and central bulk ohmic resistivity in lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ferroelectric thin films

Thickness of the near-interface regions (NIR) and central bulk ohmic resistivity in lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ferroelectric thin films were investigated. A method to separate the low-resistive near-interface regions (NIRs) from the high-resistive central bulk region (CBR) in ferroelectric thin films was presented. Results showed that the thickness of the NIRs depended on the electrode materials in use and the CBR resistivity depended on the impurity doping levels.

高雷诺数流动理论、算法和应用的若干研究进展

在黏性流体力学的历史发展中,Navier-Stokes(NS)方程组的简化理论、相应算法和应用构成了不同历史时期的学科前沿、核心内容的应用热点。以此为线索,简要评述经典边界层、多层(三层)边界层、干扰边界层、扩散抛物化(DP)NS方程诸理论、相应算法和应用的若干研究进展;诸理论之间以及他们与实验的关系;简化湍流计算的一点注释以及物理分析和数值模拟相结合的一些问题。

High quality assembly of phase-only liquid crystal on silicon ((LCOS) devices

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) for phase-only holography is ideally made to better optical tolerance than that for conventional amplitude modulating applications. Die-level assembly is suited to custom devices and pre-production prototypes because of its flexibility and efficiency in conserving the silicon backplane. Combined with automated assembly, it will allow high reproducibility and fast turnaround time, paving the way for pre-production testing and customer sampling before mass production. Pre-assembly optical testing is the key element in the process. By taking into account the flatness of both the backplane and the front glass plate, we have assembled high quality LCOS devices. We have reached our aim of less than one quarter wavelength phase distortion across the active area. © 2011 IEEE.

Flux closure vortexlike domain structures in ferroelectric thin films

Enhanced piezoresponse force microscopy was used to study flux closure vortexlike structures of 90° ferroelastic domains at the nanoscale in thin ferroelectric lead zirconium titanate (PZT) films. Using an external electric field, a vortexlike structure was induced far away from a grain boundary, indicating that physical edges are not necessary for nucleation contrary to previous suggestions. We demonstrate two different configurations of vortexlike structures, one of which has not been observed before. The stability of these structures is found to be size dependent, supporting previous predictions. © 2010 The American Physical Society.

伯努利方程应用中的若干问题

<正> 在定常流动中,若流体重力势能的变化不重要,则伯努利方程为1/2 v~2+∫dp/ρ=c_1(常数) (1)在不可压缩流动中,ρ是常数,则有∫dp/ρ=p/ρ.伯努利方程形式简单,却很重要,有着广泛的应用.但是,若不注意其使用条件,就会造成误用.

激波稳定性(Ⅰ)

本文先用Ljapunov泛函方法求解在具有任意状态方程的流体介质中传播的一维平面定常激波在一维小扰动下的运动学稳定性问题。 得出激波的运动学稳定条件为—l≤i~2(dv/dp)_H≤1,其中—不i~2是激波Rayleigh线的斜率,(dv/dp)_H是Hugoniot线斜率。此条件与过去从唯象方法得到的条件一致,然后通过对这一条件能量意义的分析,提出一般的激波一维稳定性的能量原理,并由此得出激波能量稳定条件是—1≤i~2(dv/dp)_H≤l—p_o/p_l, 其中P_O、p_l分别是波前、波后压力,这个条件比运动学条件为优,由本文首次得到。

激波稳定性(Ⅱ)

本文用D′yakov的normal mocle方法讨论任意状态方程介质中的平面定常激波在二维小扰动下的稳定性,用直接的数学方法和新的物理考虑导出激波稳定性与参数i~2(dv/dp)_H在不同流场条件下的关系,结果表明此关系比较复杂,而过去的D yakov-Erpenbeck不稳定条件只是一个极端情形。尤其是发现在参数i~2(dv/dp)_H的两个稳定区域之间还存在不稳定区域,而这正对应于Griffiths等的实验中所观察到的不稳定激波,将结果用于完全气体激波时发现当绝热指数r>5/3时激波可能不稳定。通过计算比较,本文结果较成功地解释了Gritfiths等人的实验结论。