A supplement to the plays of William Shakspeare : comprising the seven dramas, which have been ascribed to his pen, but which are not included with his writings in modern editions /

All the engravings are signed by Anderson.

Our country : its story form the earliest days, illustrating the rise and development of social England and describing by pen and picture the building of Britain and the Empire in all its historic phases /

"First published under the title of Social England and The building of Britain and the Empire."

Charles Dickens by pen and pencil, and A supplement to Charles Dickens by pen and pencil [including anecdotes and reminiscences collected from his friends and contemporaries]

Mode of access: Internet.

Los que pasaban. José Manuel Estrada.--Pedro Goyena.--Nicolás Avellaneda.--Carlos Pellegrini.--Roque Sáenz Peña.

Mode of access: Internet.

Sindicalismo y formas de acción colectiva de los obreros agrícolas pampeanos : Entre el Estatuto del peón de 1944 y la lucha contra las retenciones móviles de 2008

Este trabajo constituye uno de los primeros resultados de una investigación en desarrollo sobre las características económicas, sociales y político sindicales del proletariado agrícola pampeano entre 1988 y la actualidad. En esta oportunidad me he propuesto compartir específicamente una serie de avances de investigación referentes a las formas y contenidos cambiantes que fueron adoptando las luchas obrero-rurales en la agricultura pampeana desde la segunda mitad del siglo pasado hasta hoy. Entendiendo que la realidad social es parte de un proceso histórico, he intentado captar en una comparación temporal no necesariamente lineal ni sistemática, las particularidades político-sindicales de los asalariados agrícolas en distintas etapas del pasado cercano, como un instrumento válido que ayude a entender las características de estos procesos en el presente. La exposición se ordena en una serie de cuatro grandes apartados que abarcan una cierta configuración histórica de rasgos comunes, y a su vez en apartados más pequeños que pretenden dar cuenta de los tópicos problemáticos que éstos contienen en su interior

Sindicalismo y formas de acción colectiva de los obreros agrícolas pampeanos : Entre el Estatuto del peón de 1944 y la lucha contra las retenciones móviles de 2008

Este trabajo constituye uno de los primeros resultados de una investigación en desarrollo sobre las características económicas, sociales y político sindicales del proletariado agrícola pampeano entre 1988 y la actualidad. En esta oportunidad me he propuesto compartir específicamente una serie de avances de investigación referentes a las formas y contenidos cambiantes que fueron adoptando las luchas obrero-rurales en la agricultura pampeana desde la segunda mitad del siglo pasado hasta hoy. Entendiendo que la realidad social es parte de un proceso histórico, he intentado captar en una comparación temporal no necesariamente lineal ni sistemática, las particularidades político-sindicales de los asalariados agrícolas en distintas etapas del pasado cercano, como un instrumento válido que ayude a entender las características de estos procesos en el presente. La exposición se ordena en una serie de cuatro grandes apartados que abarcan una cierta configuración histórica de rasgos comunes, y a su vez en apartados más pequeños que pretenden dar cuenta de los tópicos problemáticos que éstos contienen en su interior

Endometrial and vaginal effects of low-dose estradiol delivered by vaginal ring or vaginal tablet

Aims The major aims of the study were to compare the safety of a continuous low-dose estradiol-releasing vaginal ring (ESTring) to that of a vaginal estradiol tablet (Vagifem®) on the endometrium and the relief of subjective symptoms and signs of urogenital estrogen deficiency. Quality of life and acceptability of treatment delivery were also assessed. Study design A prospective, randomized study in which women were assigned in a 2: 1 ratio to ESTring and Vagifem and followed for 12 months. The primary endpoint was endometrial safety, based on the results of ultrasound measurement of endometrial thickness and a progestogen challenge test at baseline and week 48. Efficacy was determined by subjective assessment of urogenital estrogen deficiency symptoms at baseline and weeks 3, 12, 24, 36 and 48 and assessment of signs of vaginal epithelial atrophy by the clinician at baseline, 12 and 48 weeks. In addition, pelvic floor strength, vaginal cytological evaluation and pH, bacteruria and patient acceptability were assessed. Quality of life was assessed using a menopause-specific quality-of-life questionnire and a 2-day bladder diary at baseline and 12 and 48 weeks. The comparability of the two groups was assessed using ANOVA, χ(2) or Fisher's exact tests. Results A total of 126 women were randomized to ESTring and 59 to Vagifem. There was no statistical difference between the groups in the alleviation of symptoms and signs of urogenital estrogen deficiency. Maturation indices increased in both groups, from generally atrophic at baseline to proliferative or highly proliferative at 48 weeks. After 48 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in endometrial thickness between the two groups. A statistically smaller proportion of bleeding/spotting occurred in the ESTring group (n = 0) compared to the Vagifem users (n = 4). Estradiol and total estrone serum levels increased during treatment in both groups but remained within the normal postmenopausal range. General health status in both groups was unchanged but the urogenital component of health burden was significantly improved in both groups. Bladder diary variables showed no differences between treatment groups. Conclusion Equivalent endometrial safety and efficacy in the relief of the symptoms and signs of urogenital estrogen deficiency were demonstrated for the 12 months' use of a low-dose estradiol-releasing vaginal ring and a vaginal estradiol tablet.

Echinacea alkamide disposition and pharmacokinetics in humans after tablet ingestion

Echinacea is a widely used herbal remedy for the treatment of colds and other infections. However, almost nothing is known about the disposition and pharmacokinetics of any of its components, particularly the alkamides and caffeic acid conjugates which are thought to be the active phytochemicals. In this investigation, we have examined serial plasma samples from 9 healthy volunteers who ingested echinacea tablets manufactured from ethanolic liquid extracts of Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea purpurea immediately after a standard high fat breakfast. Caffeic acid conjugates could not be identified in any plasma sample at any time after tablet ingestion. Alkamides were rapidly absorbed and were measurable in plasma 20 min after tablet ingestion and remained detectable for up to 12 h. Concentration-time curves for 2,4-diene and 2-ene alkamides were determined. The maximal concentrations for the sum of alkamides in human plasma were reached within 2.3 h post ingestion and averaged 336 +/- 131 ng eq/mL plasma. No obvious differences were observed in the pharmacokinetics of individual or total alkamides in 2 additional fasted subjects who took the same dose of the echinacea preparation. This single dose study provides evidence that alkamides are orally available and that their pharmacokinetics are in agreement with the one dose three times daily regimen already recommended for echinacea.

A new rapidly absorbed paracetamol tablet containing sodium bicarbonate. II. Dissolution studies and in vitro/in vivo correlation

The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro dissolution profile of a new rapidly absorbed paracetamol tablet containing sodium bicarbonate (PS) with that of a conventional paracetamol tablet (P), and to relate these by deconvolution and mapping to in vivo release. The dissolution methods used include the standard procedure described in the USP monograph for paracetamol tablets, employing buffer at pH5.8 or 0.05 M HCl at stirrer speeds between 10 and 50 rpm. The mapping process was developed and implemented in Microsoft Excel® worksheets that iteratively calculated the optimal values of scale and shape factors which linked in vivo time to in vitro time. The in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) was carried out simultaneously for both formulations to produce common mapping factors. The USP method, using buffer at pH5.8, demonstrated no difference between the two products. However, using an acidic medium the rate of dissolution of P but not of PS decreased with decreasing stirrer speed. A significant correlation (r=0.773; p<.00001) was established between in vivo release and in vitro dissolution using the profiles obtained with 0.05 M HCl and a stirrer speed of 30 rpm. The scale factor for optimal simultaneous IVIVC in the fasting state was 2.54 and the shape factor was 0.16; corresponding values for mapping in the fed state were 3.37 and 0.13 (implying a larger in vitro-in vivo time difference but reduced shape difference in the fed state). The current IVIVC explains, in part, the observed in vivo variability of the two products. The approach to mapping may also be extended to different batches of these products, to predict the impact of any changes of in vitro dissolution on in vivo release and plasma drug concentration-time profiles.

Microscale mesoarrays created by dip-pen nanolithography for screening of protein-protein interactions

Using microarrays to probe protein-protein interactions is becoming increasingly attractive due to their compatibility with highly sensitive detection techniques, selectivity of interaction, robustness and capacity for examining multiple proteins simultaneously. The major drawback to using this approach is the relatively large volumes and high concentrations necessary. Reducing the protein array spot size should allow for smaller volumes and lower concentrations to be used as well as opening the way for combination with more sensitive detection technologies. Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN) is a recently developed technique for structure creation on the nano to microscale with the capacity to create biological architectures. Here we describe the creation of miniaturised microarrays, 'mesoarrays', using DPN with protein spots 400× smaller by area compared to conventional microarrays. The mesoarrays were then used to probe the ERK2-KSR binding event of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathway at a physical scale below that previously reported. Whilst the overall assay efficiency was determined to be low, the mesoarrays could detect KSR binding to ERK2 repeatedly and with low non-specific binding. This study serves as a first step towards an approach that can be used for analysis of proteins at a concentration level comparable to that found in the cellular environment.