Estrategias para disminuir la violencia física entre escolares de educación general básica media

Estrategias para disminuir la violencia física entre escolares de Educación General Básica Media”, es un trabajo de recopilación y análisis de información bibliográfica, la investigación tiene como objetivo general visibilizar estrategias que posibilite disminuir la violencia entre escolares, para cumplir el objetivo se abordan temáticas como, la violencia en contextos educativos de lo cual se desprende el concepto de violencia, tipos de violencia, contextos de violencia, del mismo modo se analiza las políticas existentes para afrontar la violencia desde la Constitución de la República del Ecuador; Código de la Niñez y Adolescencia;la Ley Orgánica de Educación Intercultural y el Código de Convivencia Institucional, los cuales enfatizan que se garantiza una educación libre de violencia. También se presentan y analizan algunas estrategias para disminuir o contrarrestar la violencia física entre escolares a nivel de Educación General Básica Media. Con respecto a lo mencionado se brinda estrategias a los docentes para propiciar una educación libre de violencia física, la misma que busca mejorar el ambiente educativo fomentando el respeto y la paz.

Análisis de alternativas de mejoramiento de la zona de tolerancia de la ciudad de Cuenca

Para la realización de este trabajo de tesis se plantea un proceso de estudio conformado por 4 capítulos los cuales son: Se inicia con el capítulo de estudio de casos en el cual se analizará las propuestas de mejoramiento de Zonas de Tolerancia que se han llevado acabado en ciudades del Ecuador y otros países, con el objetivo de conocer los procesos y los resultados alcanzados con estos proyectos e identificar parámetros y lineamentos que pueden ser necesarios en esta tesis. En el segundo capítulo se realizará los diagnósticos del lugar para obtener y analizar toda la información necesaria sobre el área de estudio, enfatizando en la Zona de Tolerancia. En el tercer capítulo mediante la información obtenida en los diagnósticos se identificará la problemática existente en sitio la cual estará enfocados en los conflictos existentes en el contexto urbano debido al funcionamiento de usos de suelo. En el cuarto capítulo se realizará la propuesta urbano arquitectónica de mejoramiento de la Zona de Tolerancia que parte de la realización de una imagen objetivo en la que se establecerá los objetivos y estrategias para el mejoramiento de este espacio, además se analizará la alternativa seleccionada para solucionar los problemas existentes en el área de estudio, dentro de este capítulo también se establecerán las determinaciones de usos de suelo, de equipamientos y de vialidad, finalmente se elaborará una propuesta urbano arquitectónica a nivel de prefactibilidad.

Uso de plantas medicinales y su relación con la cosmovisión andina en la comunidad de Rañas cantón Nabón, 2015

Antecedentes. Rañas es una comunidad perteneciente al cantón Nabón, provincia del Azuay, ubicado en el sur del Ecuador. Es un importante representante de la cultura ancestral que permite mirar sus tradiciones en salud relacionadas con el uso de plantas medicinales Objetivo. Identificar, conocer y profundizar el uso de plantas medicinales y su relación con la cosmovisión andina en la comunidad de Rañas cantón Nabón, 2015 Metodología. La presente es una investigación de tipo cualitativo, con enfoque narrativo que estudia la aplicación de plantas medicinales en los conocimientos de un grupo focal de sabios de la comunidad, Las técnicas utilizadas fueron entrevistas con preguntas semi estructuradas sobre las categorías principales del estudio: cosmovisión andina y plantas medicinales. La información fue registrada en medios audiovisuales que permitieron documentar la narrativa y registrar gráficamente las plantas y sus rituales. La información obtenida fue transcrita en Word, luego codificada mediante el programa Atlas.ti de acuerdo a los lineamientos definidos en el marco teórico. Resultados. Se identificaron 67 plantas medicinales junto con sus propiedades curativas utilizadas para el manejo de las patologías andinas y occidentales tratadas por los sabios. Las principales formas de preparación son mediante infusión, ungüentos, extractos y baños. Los rituales ancestrales realizados con plantas medicinales son la limpia y sobaciones. Conclusiones: se identificó la diversidad de plantas medicinales propias de la comunidad, apreciándose la asociación entre el uso de las plantas medicinales y los principios de la cosmovisión andina por la fuerte conexión entre habitantes y naturaleza.

A New Species of Riama from Ecuador Previously Referred to as Riama hyposticta (Boulenger, 1902) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)

We describe Riama crypta, new species, from the western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental, Ecuador. This taxon was formerly referred to as Riama hyposticta, a rare species described on the basis of an adult male from northern Ecuador and here recorded from southwestern Colombia. The new species differs principally from Riama hyposticta by an incomplete superciliary series, formed just by the anteriormost superciliary scale (superciliary series complete in R. hyposticta, formed by five or six scales), no nasoloreal suture [= loreal absent] (complete (= loreal present] in R. hyposticta), distinct dorsolateral stripes at least anteriorly (scattered brown spots dorsally without dorsolateral stripes in R. hyposticta), and ventral coloration composed of small cream or brown spots or longitudinal stripes (dark brown with conspicuous transverse white bars and spots). Additionally, we document the presence of distal filiform appendages on the hemipenial lobes of both species.

Severe digestive pathology associated with chronic Chaga's disease in Ecuador: report of two cases

DNA extracted from peripheral blood of two Ecuadorian patients showing severe digestive pathology was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using a Trypanosoma cruzi specific oligonucleotide primers derived from the primary sequence of a cDNA encoding for a 24 kDa excretory/secretory protein. The positive PCR results together with the clinical findings confirmed that both patients had a digestive pathology due to Chagas' disease. This pathology could be more frequent than previously described in the chagasic endemic regions of Andean countries.

Control of intestinal helminths in schoolchildren in Low-Napo, Ecuador: impact of a two-year chemotherapy program

A school-based control program of intestinal helminths was undertaken among schoolchildren in the Low-Napo region, north-eastern Ecuador. Forty-eight percent of children were infected with one or more helminths at the first examination. The prevalence at the baseline was Ascaris 33.2% followed by hookworm 24.1% and Trichuris 6.5%. Sex was found to be a significant factor influencing the prevalence of hookworm and Trichuris. Prevalence was compared 9 months and 18 months after treatment. After 9 months, Ascaris and Trichuris prevalence had decreased but not hookworm. All of them increased after 18 months. The findings suggest that only a course of mebendazol had a minor effect on the control of helminth infections.

A partial revision of Paullinia (Sapindaceae) for Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, part I / Donald R. Simpson.

v.36:no.12(1976)

Useful plants of the Siona and Secoya Indians of eastern Ecuador / William T. Vickers, Timothy Plowman.

n.s. no.15(1984)

The importance of catfish burrows in maintaining fish populations of tropical freshwater streams in western Ecuador / Garrett S. Glodek.

v.73:no.1(1978)

A review of the South American catfish tribe Hoplomyzontini (Pisces, Aspredinidae), with descriptions of new species from Ecuador / Donald J. Stewart.

n.s. no.25(1985)

Cytological and isoenzyme analysis of the Bucay and Quevedo cytotypes of the onchocerciasis vector Simulium exiguum (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Ecuador

Four cytotypes of Simulium exiguum occur in Ecuador, where this morphospecies is the primary vector of onchocerciasis. In this paper, we give the first full description of the banding pattern of the larval polytene chromosomes of the Quevedo cytotypes differ from the chromosomal standard sequence (of the Cayapa cytotype) by the fixed inversions IIL-5 and IIL-6. The Quevedo cytotype additionally differs from the standard and Bucay cytotypes by processing a differentiated X chromosome, wich is indicated by the inversion IIS-A. As the degree of reproductive isolation between the Bucay and Quevedo cytotypes has not yet been estabilished, they must be regarded as intraspecific variants of the same species. In fact, isoenzyme characterizations showed that the Bucay and Quevedo cytotypes are differentiated only to the extent expected of incipient species or geographical populations. Moreover, the sibiling species status previously given to the Bucay cytotype needs be reassessed, there being inadequate analysis from areas in Ecuador where Bucay occurs in sympatry with the standard Cayapa cytotype. No isoenzyme electromorphs were discovered that identified all or mostadult females of any one (cytotype-pure) collection.

Onchocerciasis in Ecuador: changes in prevalence of ocular lesions in Onchocerca volvulus infected individuals over the period 1980-1990

Trends in prevalence rates of onchocercal ocular lesions were examined over the period 1980 to 1990 using data from two cross-sectional surveys. There was evidence for increasing prevalence of anterior chamber microfilariae, iridocyclitis, optic atrophy, and chorioretinopathy. Large increases in prevalence, in particular, were seen for posterior segment lesions: optic atrophy increased from 2.7% to 6.4% and chorioretinopathy from 8.8% to 35.6%. Greatest increases in these lesions were seen in the Chachi which was attributed to the large increases in prevalence of microfilariae in the anterior chamber particularly in those aged 30 years or greater. The study findings suggest that ocular onchocerciasis is evolving in parallel with the well documented parasitological changes.

Four new species of Oswaldocruzia (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina, Molineoidea) Parasitizing amphibians and lizards from Ecuador

Description of four new species of Oswaldocruzia parasitizing Iguanidae and Leptodactylidae from Ecuador, demonstrate that they are morphologically close to each other. Like most of the other neotropical and holarctic Oswaldocruzia , they are characterized by spicules with three main branches: blade, shoe and fork; the division of the fork within the distal third of the spicule length appears to be characteristic of the neotropical species. - Oswaldocruzia bainae n. sp. parasitizing Anolis chrysolepis and Anolis fuscoauratus possesses a synlophe visible only on transversal sections of the body. It is composed of rounded and not pointed ridges. - Oswaldocruzia tcheprakovae n. sp. parasitizing Eleutherodactylus altamazonicus is closely related to O. bainae , but the synlophe is present only in the anterior and posterior extremities of the body. - Oswaldocruzia cassonei n. sp. parasitizing Eleutherodactylus lanthanites is closely related to O. taranchoni, Ben Slimane and Durette-Desset, 1995, a parasite of Bufo marinus from Brazil. It is differentiated by the synlophe and the measurements. - Oswaldocruzia petterae n. sp. parasitizing Leptodactylus pentadactylus is closely related to O. chambrieri, Ben Slimane and Durette-Desset, 1993, parasitizing Bufo and Eleutherodactylus in the same region. It is differentiated since, for an equivalent length of the body, the ridges are almost two times fewer and the spicules smaller.

The Potential for Dispersal of Onchocerciasis in Ecuador in Relation to the Distribution of the Vector Simulium exiguum (Diptera:Simuliidae)

The future dispersal of onchocerciasis in Ecuador is dependent on the distribution of cytotypes of the vector species complex Simulium exiguum. Over the last 14 years, collections of larvae have been made from over 25 rivers, between 80-1600 m altitude, from various sites on both sides of the Andes. Analysis of larval polytene chromosomes was used to determine the distributions of each cytotype. On the western side of the Andes, the Cayapa cytotype (the only cytotype directly incriminated as a vector) has a distribution from Santo Domingo de los Colorados northwards. The Quevedo and Bucay cytotypes occur from Santo Domingo de los Colorados southwards. On the eastern side of the Andes, the Aguarico cytotype occurs in the Rio Aguarico and a new cytotype is present in the tributaries of the Rio Napo. Whether the disease will spread south of Santo Domingo and on the eastern side of the Andes depends on vector capacity of the cytotypes and the dispersal patterns of individuals infected with onchocerciasis. At present the Aguarico, Bucay and Quevedo cytotypes are known to be efficient hosts, but their biting preferences and biting densities have not yet been evaluated

Onchocerciasis in Ecuador: Prevalence of Infection on the Ecuador-Colombia Border in the Province of Esmeraldas

The prevalence of onchocerciasis infection was determined in communities on 7 rivers located in the northern area of the cantón San Lorenzo, province of Esmeraldas. Diagnosis of the infection was obtained by skin biopsies and recombinant-antigen based-serology. No evidence of infection was detected in 9 communities studied along the Río Mataje, which forms the frontier between Ecuador and Colombia, nor in 10 adjacent communities located on 5 interior rivers. Evidence for Onchocerca volvulus infection was found in 4 communities on the Río Tululví with the following prevalence: La Boca (3.5% by biopsy and 3.9% by serology), Guayabal (9.1% by both biopsy and serology), La Ceiva (51.5% by biopsy and 53% by serology), and Salidero (4% by biopsy and 7.7% by serology). A few individuals in these communities were seropositive for O. volvulus in the absence of detectable dermal microfilariae: these might harbor very light or prepatent infections. No clinical disease attributable to onchocerciasis was found. The infected communities will be included in the ivermectin-based National Control Program for the disease, with no evidence of the infection having extended north of the Ecuadorian-colombian border