Sakralität, Demokratie und Erziehung. Auseinandersetzungen mit der historischen Pädagogik Fritz Osterwalders

Bildungsgeschichte ist das Ergebnis wissenschaftlicher Rekonstruktion historischen Materials und der anschliessenden Interpretation der erarbeiteten Quellen, In Bezug zu den Arbeiten von Prof. Dr. Fritz Osterwalder fragen die hier vorliegenden Beiträge nach den Möglichkeiten und Grenzen methodischer und interpretativer Ansätze der Historischen Pädagogik. Thematisiert werden das Verhältnis von Erziehung und Demokratie, die Problematik pädagogischer Sakralität sowie die These von Kontinuität und Fortschritt innerhalb der historischen Entwicklung von Erziehungsinstitutionen.

Envisioning sustainable water futures in a transdisciplinary learning process: combining normative, explorative, and participatory scenario approaches

Competing water demands for household consumption as well as the production of food, energy, and other uses pose challenges for water supply and sustainable development in many parts of the world. Designing creative strategies and learning processes for sustainable water governance is thus of prime importance. While this need is uncontested, suitable approaches still have to be found. In this article we present and evaluate a conceptual approach to scenario building aimed at transdisciplinary learning for sustainable water governance. The approach combines normative, explorative, and participatory scenario elements. This combination allows for adequate consideration of stakeholders’ and scientists’ systems, target, and transformation knowledge. Application of the approach in the MontanAqua project in the Swiss Alps confirmed its high potential for co-producing new knowledge and establishing a meaningful and deliberative dialogue between all actors involved. The iterative and combined approach ensured that stakeholders’ knowledge was adequately captured, fed into scientific analysis, and brought back to stakeholders in several cycles, thereby facilitating learning and co-production of new knowledge relevant for both stakeholders and scientists. However, the approach also revealed a number of constraints, including the enormous flexibility required of stakeholders and scientists in order for them to truly engage in the co-production of new knowledge. Overall, the study showed that shifts from strategic to communicative action are possible in an environment of mutual trust. This ultimately depends on creating conditions of interaction that place scientists’ and stakeholders’ knowledge on an equal footing.

Professionalität im Umgang mit Spannungsfeldern der Pädagogik

Spannungsfelder prägen und durchziehen die Pädagogik in Theorie und Praxis. Während in der wissenschaftlichen Erörterung der Spannungsfelder Potentiale und Prüfsteine für pädagogische Theorien liegen, ist die Praxis durch das Austarieren widersprüchlicher Prinzipien herausgefordert. Im vorliegenden Band werden pädagogische Spannungsfelder aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven beleuchtet und erörtert.

A Normative Theory of Forgetting: Lessons from the Fruit Fly

Recent experiments revealed that the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has a dedicated mechanism for forgetting: blocking the G-protein Rac leads to slower and activating Rac to faster forgetting. This active form of forgetting lacks a satisfactory functional explanation. We investigated optimal decision making for an agent adapting to a stochastic environment where a stimulus may switch between being indicative of reward or punishment. Like Drosophila, an optimal agent shows forgetting with a rate that is linked to the time scale of changes in the environment. Moreover, to reduce the odds of missing future reward, an optimal agent may trade the risk of immediate pain for information gain and thus forget faster after aversive conditioning. A simple neuronal network reproduces these features. Our theory shows that forgetting in Drosophila appears as an optimal adaptive behavior in a changing environment. This is in line with the view that forgetting is adaptive rather than a consequence of limitations of the memory system.

Dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex orchestrate normative choice.

Humans are noted for their capacity to over-ride self-interest in favor of normatively valued goals. We examined the neural circuitry that is causally involved in normative, fairness-related decisions by generating a temporarily diminished capacity for costly normative behavior, a 'deviant' case, through non-invasive brain stimulation (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) and compared normal subjects' functional magnetic resonance imaging signals with those of the deviant subjects. When fairness and economic self-interest were in conflict, normal subjects (who make costly normative decisions at a much higher frequency) displayed significantly higher activity in, and connectivity between, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the posterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex (pVMPFC). In contrast, when there was no conflict between fairness and economic self-interest, both types of subjects displayed identical neural patterns and behaved identically. These findings suggest that a parsimonious prefrontal network, the activation of right DLPFC and pVMPFC, and the connectivity between them, facilitates subjects' willingness to incur the cost of normative decisions.

Ueber die Bildung der Mädchen mosaischer Religion : ein kleiner Beitr. zur Pädagogik

von G. R. Freund

Die Pädagogik des israelitischen Volkes von der Patriarchenzeit bis auf den Talmud

von Samuel Marcus

Zur Schul-Pädagogik d. Talmud

Samuel Marcus

Darstellung der theoretischen und praktischen Pädagogik im jüdischen Altertume nach talmudischen Quellen unter vergleichender Berücks. des gleichzeitigen Schrifttumes

von Julius Lewit

Sakralität und Pädagogik

Wie vollzieht sich der Wandel und die Neubestimmung der Grenze von Sakralem und Profanen in der Moderne in der Pädagogik? Die sakrale Dominanz des pädagogischen Feldes reicht weit in die Neuzeit hinein und wird auch durch die Modernisierung und Säkularisierung der westlichen Gesellschaften nicht einfach beseitigt.