946 resultados para Nióbio-Cobre.
Sistemas binários e ternários envolvendo cobre (II) e benzalpiruvatos. Equilíbrios em solução aqöosa
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Magnetic fields can be produced by natural magnets, artificial magnets, and by circulating electric currents in wires and solenoids. An interesting experiment to observe the interaction between the magnetic field and free charges in a conductor, a magnet falling inside a tube made of conductive materials. The slowing down of the magnet by the appearance of a field in the opposite direction to the original one (Lenz's Law) is function the number of free electrons in the conductor and the electrical properties of this. Based on this, the objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the electrical properties of conductors, copper and aluminum, with magnetic force on a neodymium magnet-iron-boron magnet falling inside a copper tube and aluminum, positioned vertically. In performing this experiment, we observed that it is a demonstration of Lenz-Faraday’s Law
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The Cu-Au mine of Chapada is located in the municipality of Alto Horizonte, in the northwestern portion of Goiás state and is inserted in the geological context of the Brasilia Belt, specifically the Mara Rosa Magmatic Arc, which hosts important deposits of Au and Cu-Au. The rocks found in the study area belong mainly to the Volcano-Sedimentary Sequence of Mara Rosa and are composed of basic to acidic metavolcanic rocks, psammiticpellitic metasedimentary rocks, chemical rocks and also hydrothermal products. Late intrusions occur and are represented by pegmatitic dikes and tonalitic bodies. The ore deposit of the Chapada mine is formed predominantly by the chalcopyrite-pyritemagnetite association, where pyrite is the most abundant mineral. Through the structural mapping of the mining fronts, it was able to recognize three deformational phases (Dn, Dn +1, Dn +2). During the Dn phase, isoclinal recumbent folds were formed, in association with amphibolites facies metamorphism. Later, in phase Dn +1, there was formation of drag folds and intrafolial folds in association with retrograde metamorphism in the greenschist facies. The deformational phase Dn +2, in its turn, was responsible for late symmetrical folding of the foliation, with NS and EW axes, resulting in an interference pattern of the dome-and-basin type
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The glassy carbon is a material with a huge technological evolution. Due to its lightness, biocompatibility and their thermal and electrical properties this material finds applications in several industrial fields such as electronics, medical, aerospace and chemical. In order to explore the conductive properties of glassy carbon for use as modified electrodes, the present work aims the processing of monolithic and reticulated glassy carbon with colloidal copper for use in electrochemical applications. First, the best parameters for the cure of furfuryl alcohol resin doped were established through viscosimetry measurements and pressurized differential scanning calorimetry. The analysis of the micrographs of the cured resins show that copper concentrations above 3% weight, generate higher porosity in the material. The characterizations of the monolithic and reticulated glassy carbon resulting from carbonization were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and although it was not possible to detect the presence of copper by SEM, the influence of these particles have been observed by Raman and FT-IR spectra and electrochemical behavior of the material. The decrease in conductivity of monolithic and reticulated glassy carbon in the presence of copper may be related to the defects caused by the presence of copper in the structure of the material.
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Um dos caminhos para identificar os contaminantes e seus efeitos em ecossistemas aquáticos é examinar a resposta de alguns organismos considerados bioindicadores. O presente projeto teve por objetivo avaliar a bioconcentração de cádmio e cobre pelo peixe de água doce Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia), visando, principalmente, estabelecer seu potencial bioindicador de contaminação destes metais em ambientes fluviais.Dentre os vários metais pesados passíveis de contaminação ambiental, o cobre um elemento essencial e o cádmio um elemento não essencial, são altamente tóxicos, mesmo em níveis de concentrações muito baixos e podem se elevar quanto maior for o nível trófico do organismo, podendo chegar ao homem em teores magnificados. Em condições laboratoriais, foram determinadas as toxicidades aguda de Cu, de Cd, e de Cu+Cd em tilápias em períodos de 24 á 96 horas de exposição. A partir dos resultados obtidos nos testes de toxicidade aguda, foi estabelecida a dose letal que levou a óbito metade da população (CL50). Os valores encontrados para o presente estudo foram: CL50-96h para cobre – 3,53 mg/L;CL50-96h pra cádmio – 20,13 mg/L;CL50-96h para cobre combinado ao cádmio – 1,36 mg/L. Foram avaliadas as concentrações dos referidos metais nos fígados e nas brânquias. O presente estudo mostra que em linhas gerais o fígado acumulou mais metal do que as brânquias, e que o processo de absorção do cobre é mais rápido do que o do cádmio para a espécie de peixe testada. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o cobre foi mais tóxico do que o que o cádmio, entretanto, a combinação de ambos metais apresentou maior toxicidade
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This paper presents a study on the development of a manufacturing system of printed circuit boards through copper milling. An advantage of this system is the replacement of chemical processes by physical process presenting a sustainable solution. The paper uses programs that will generate G-code needed to establish the coordinates where the milling forms the tracks. After obtaining the code, it will be transformed into steps that will be sent through the serial port to the microcontroller and the serial communication control will be in software. After obtaining information the microcontroller will execute the movement of the stepper motors through their drivers, H-bridge, the microcontroller also drives the spindle motor responsible for rotating the grinding tool, using a driver with a optocoupler and TRIAC
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The purpose of this research was tested a finite element model (FEM) that represented the creep of a slab during the reheating process of hot rolling. The aim is to prevent creep phenomenon changing the reheating profile with hot tensile test in Gleeble 3500, and, also, understand the former defect crisis. The goal of this work is to have a predictive tool to optimize the reheating process changing parameters (length and thickness). Then, use input parameters obtained from the tests to approximate the solution of the problem aided by Abaqus CAE. The results have showed that the ferritic stainless steel AISI 409 has a lower sensitivity to creep comparing to the stainless steel AISI 409, AISI 430Ti, AISI 441 and AISI 444
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One of society concerns are preserving the environment and the growing energy demand. These two issues are in conflict since most of the energy used today in some way harms the environment. Then is essential to develop and implement ways to clean and renewable energy. In this way, solar energy stands out as a source of clean energy, renewable, abundant and acessible. Solar energy can be harnessed by photovoltaic cells or by solar collectors. The aim of this article is analysethe yield of the solar heather assembled with hydraulic conductive and plastic bottles using three different materials for hydraulic conductors, in order to compare these efficiences and analyze material which has the best cost-benefit in this type of application. The materials analyzed in this study were copper, aluminum and PVC. For this analysis were assembled three alike solar heaters using each one of these materials, and were done several series of measurements of the temperature water output to each heat with flow between 10 and 30 liters per hour. With these data we can analyze the yield and the performance of copper, aluminum and PVC in this application. So we can conclude that aluminum has a higher efficiency, followed by PVC, and the copper had the lowest efficiency. This behavior kept for all values of flow rates examined
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No presente trabalho é proposto um método para determinação de cobre, manganês e selênio em amostras de vegetais de cultura orgânica e convencional utilizando ultra-som no processo de extração dos analitos e posterior quantificação por espectrometria de absorção atômica em forno de grafite (GFAAS). Utilizando como solução extratora HCl 0,10 mol L-1, as condições ótimas de extração estabelecidas foram: massa de amostra de 100 mg; granulometria da amostra < 60 m; tempo de sonificação de cinco ciclos de 40 s e potência de sonificação de 136 W. As determinações dos analitos por GFAAS foram feitas utilizando-se temperaturas de secagem de 90-250 oC, temperatura de pirólise de 1300 oC, temperatura de atomização de 2300 oC e temperatura de limpeza de 2800 oC. Foi utilizado como modificador químico nitrato de paládio co-injetado junto com as amostras e tungstênio como modificador permanente. A exatidão e precisão do método de extração proposto foram avaliadas utilizando-se padrão certificado Corn Bran, RM 8433 – National Institute of Standards and Technology. Os resultados obtidos pelo método de extração por ultra-som mostraram-se equivalentes aos obtidos pelo método utilizando-se mineralização ácida das amostras em forno de microondas. No entanto, a metodologia proposta diminui consideravelmente o tempo de análise, o que favorece a velocidade analítica. Além disso, a quantidade de resíduos gerados para o ambiente também é bastante minimizada
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The study of mechanical properties of high-alloy special steels is of great interest of the steel industry due to the great demand by companies that manufacture automotive components of high criticality, and also because of its high commercial value. However, the development of this type of alloy metals demand highly technical knowledge. Among these extremely important kinds of steel, the subject which is the interest of this study is the special steel modified by niobium. The manganese and niobium are the main alloying elements in the composition of these steels, both of them increase the stability of the austenite region, however, manganese increases the hardenability and tensile yield strength, and niobium increases the mechanical strength and promotes refining the grain. The mechanical characterization of steel SAE 1312 modified the niobium was made in order to gain a better understanding of the influence on the mechanical properties caused by aging at different temperatures and for different reductions in the drawing of gauge material. This characterization was made by means of tensile test and hardness. This material showed an increase in yield strength and hardness when gauge with large reductions during the wiredrawing, but when subjected to aging temperatures higher than 300 ° C had a slight loss of these properties
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The NbCl5 being a strong electrophile, is a potential candidate to act as a Lewis acid, and therefore it mediates various organic reactions. For this reason, it has received continuous attention by Brazilian researchers, especially in recent decades, since Brazil holds the largest reserves of niobium, besides being the largest producer of this element. The Michael addition reaction is one of the most widely used for forming carbon-carbon bonds and takes place by the addition of nucleophiles to activated olefins. Although this type of reaction is usually catalyzed by base, there are reports in the literature on the use of various Lewis acids in this type of reaction. The synthesis of enamines based acetilenodicarboxilates and amines, aromatic or alkyl, by Michael addition reaction is quite interesting, since these are valuable synthetic intermediates for the synthesis of heterocyclic and they are used in multicomponent reactions. The derivatives of anilino-fumarate also have a great potential for medical application. In this study we investigated the use of niobium pentachloride as Lewis acid to catalyze the Michael additions between the derivatives of aniline and acetilenodicarboxilates the synthesis of enamines
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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV
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O cultivo de citrus é uma das principais atividades agrícolas no Estado de São Paulo, sendo realizado em solos gerados a partir de diferentes materiais que conferem, naturalmente, variações na constituição química e mineralógica destes, além de poderem, ou não estar contaminados por metais tóxicos oriundos dos métodos defensivos. Com o objetivo de quantificar os atributos químicos e os teores de metais pesados do solo foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre solos assim cultivados, das regiões das cidades de Mogi Guaçu e São José do Rio Preto. Este estudo envolveu a determinação do pH do solo, análises volumétricas para quantificação dos teores de matéria orgânica, Ca+2, Mg+2 e Al+3 , espectrofotômetro de chama para o estabelecimento dos teores de Na+ e K+ e espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica para determinação dos teores de Cobre, Zinco, Cádmio, Cromo, Níquel e Chumbo. O solo da região de Mogi Guaçu apresentou-se mais ácido devido, provavelmente, a uma maior concentração de Al3+. Apresentou, também, teores mais elevados de matéria orgânica. Os solos de ambas as regiões apresentaramse deficientes em Na+ , K+ , Ca+2 e Mg+2 . A análise realizada para os metais pesados mostrou uma elevada quantidade de Níquel observada nas amostras de solo da região de São José do Rio Preto e, Níquel e Cobre, nas de Mogi Guaçu, com valores classificados como de prevenção, de acordo com os Parâmetros Orientadores da CETESB (2005). Estes teores de alerta devem-se, muito possivelmente, à adição exagerada de defensivos agrícolas.
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)