902 resultados para New technologies of information and communication


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The interdisciplinary nature of Astronomy makes it a field of great potential to explore various scientific concepts. However, studies show a great lack of understanding of fundamental subjects, including models that explain phenomena that mark everyday life, like the phases of the moon. Particularly in the context of distance education, learning of such models can be favored by the use of technologies of information and communication. Among other possibilities, we highlight the importance of digital materials that motivate and expand the forms of representation available about phenomena and models. It is also important, however, that these materials promote the explicitation of student's conceptions, as well as interaction with the most central aspects of the astronomical model for the phenomenon. In this dissertation we present a hypermedia module aimed at learning about the phases of the moon, drawn from an investigation on the difficulties with the subject during an Astronomy course for teaching training at undergraduate level at UFRN. The tests of three semesters of course were analyzed, taking into account also the alternative conceptions reported in the literature in astronomy education. The product makes use of small texts, questions, images and interactive animations. Emphasizes questions about the illumination of the Moon and other bodies, and their relationship to the sun, the perception from different angles of objects illuminated by a single source, the cause of the alternation between day and night, the identification of Moon's orbit around the Earth and the occurrence of the phases as a result of the position of observing it, and the perception of time involved in the phenomenon. The module incorporated considerations obtained from interviews with students in two poles where its given presential support for students of the course, and subjects from different pedagogical contexts. The final form of the material was used in a real situation of learning, as supplementary material for the final test of the discipline. The material was analyzed by 7 students and 4 tutors, among 56 users, in the period in question. Most students considered that the so called "Lunar Module" made a difference in their learning, the animations were considered the most prominent aspect, the images were indicated as stimulating and enlightening, and the text informative and enjoyable. The analysis of learning of these students, observing their responses to issues raised at the last evaluation, suggested gains in key aspects relating to the understanding of the phases, but also indicates more persistent difficulties. The work leads us to conclude that it is important to seek contributions for the training of science teachers making use of new technologies, with attention to the treatment of computer as a complementary resource. The interviews that preceded the use of the module, and the way student has sought the module if with questions and/or previous conflicts - established great difference in the effective contribution of the material, indicating that it should be used with the mediation of teacher or tutor, or via strategies that cause interactions between students. It is desirable that these interactions are associated with the recovery of memories of the subjects about previous observations and models, as well as the stimulus to new observations of phenomena

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Este estudo tem como objetivo central analisar o trabalho docente nos cursos de graduação a distância, tomando como exemplo o curso de Licenciatura em Matemática a distância da Universidade Federal do Pará, no contexto da política de expansão da educação superior por meio da modalidade a distância. O estudo se utiliza de documentos oficiais que versam sobre a política de expansão da educação superior por meio da educação à distância, de legislações federais e documentos relativos à política de expansão da modalidade a distância na Universidade Federal do Pará, assim como de entrevistas com os antigos e atuais coordenadores do curso em análise. Parte-se da premissa de que a atual forma de organização da produção capitalista demanda trabalhadores com a formação mínima - educação básica - e que, para isso, é necessário ampliar as matriculas na educação superior para garantir a universalização da educação básica. As orientações de organismos coletivos do capital, tais como, o Banco Mundial e a Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura, no que conceme à política de expansão da educação superior, salientam o uso das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação como ferramenta útil para o desenvolvimento de cursos na modalidade a distância, caracterizando estes, dessa forma, como mais eficientes que os cursos presenciais, por serem menos onerosos, flexíveis em relação ao tempo e espaço e de ampla difusão. Nesse contexto, a expansão da educação superior, no Brasil, ocorre por meio da educação à distância, com destaque para as instituições privadas. Verificou-se que um dos atores centrais na educação superior é o trabalhador docente, que, nas últimas duas décadas, vivencia a ampliação da precarização e da intensificação do trabalho. O estudo indica amplo desenvolvimento dos cursos de graduação na modalidade a distância, com índices superiores aos observados na educação presencial, tanto nas instituições públicas quanto privadas. No que conceme ao trabalho docente na modalidade a distância, os estudos apontam para a potencialização da precarização e da intensificação deste trabalho, que, apesar disso, não impede que essa modalidade de ensino se mantenha em ascensão. No caso do curso em análise, verificou-se a presença de elementos particulares da precarização e da intensificação do trabalho docente, tais como aumento da carga horária de trabalho sem aumento da remuneração, acúmulo de atividades pelos docentes, ausência de política de formação específica para os docentes do curso a distância, pouca produção, por estes docentes, de materiais didáticos específicos dos cursos a distância.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Agaone amazonica sp. nov. and Stultutragus endoluteus sp. nov. are described from Brazil, and variation in A. peruviensis Fisher, is discussed. Stultutragus nigricornis is elevated to species rank and re-described. Updated keys to Agaone and Stultutragus are provided.

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Abstract Background The CACTA (also called En/Spm) superfamily of DNA-only transposons contain the core sequence CACTA in their Terminal Inverted Repeats (TIRs) and so far have only been described in plants. Large transcriptome and genome sequence data have recently become publicly available for Schistosoma mansoni, a digenetic blood fluke that is a major causative agent of schistosomiasis in humans, and have provided a comprehensive repository for the discovery of novel genes and repetitive elements. Despite the extensive description of retroelements in S. mansoni, just a single DNA-only transposon belonging to the Merlin family has so far been reported in this organism. Results We describe a novel S. mansoni transposon named SmTRC1, for S. mansoni Transposon Related to CACTA 1, an element that shares several characteristics with plant CACTA transposons. Southern blotting indicates approximately 30–300 copies of SmTRC1 in the S. mansoni genome. Using genomic PCR followed by cloning and sequencing, we amplified and characterized a full-length and a truncated copy of this element. RT-PCR using S. mansoni mRNA followed by cloning and sequencing revealed several alternatively spliced transcripts of this transposon, resulting in distinct ORFs coding for different proteins. Interestingly, a survey of complete genomes from animals and fungi revealed several other novel TRC elements, indicating new families of DNA transposons belonging to the CACTA superfamily that have not previously been reported in these kingdoms. The first three bases in the S. mansoni TIR are CCC and they are identical to those in the TIRs of the insects Aedes aegypti and Tribolium castaneum, suggesting that animal TRCs may display a CCC core sequence. Conclusion The DNA-only transposable element SmTRC1 from S. mansoni exhibits various characteristics, such as generation of multiple alternatively-spliced transcripts, the presence of terminal inverted repeats at the extremities of the elements flanked by direct repeats and the presence of a Transposase_21 domain, that suggest a distant relationship to CACTA transposons from Magnoliophyta. Several sequences from other Metazoa and Fungi code for proteins similar to those encoded by SmTRC1, suggesting that such elements have a common ancestry, and indicating inheritance through vertical transmission before separation of the Eumetazoa, Fungi and Plants.