The category 'natural' in the discourse of couples who used medically assisted procreation

As a constantly evolving set of complex biotechnologies, medically assisted procreation (MAP) jeopardises a category that seems to be taken for granted: that of 'natural'. What is 'natural' or not when MAP is used to procreate? What are the boundaries between a 'natural' and a 'non-natural' fertilisation? Drawing upon a dialogical approach to language and cognition, our study examined the semantic field of the category 'natural' as expressed in interviews between a psychiatrist and seven couples who resorted to MAP and had to decide whether to keep their frozen pre-embryonic cells (zygotes) for further procreation or to allow them be destroyed. We examined how these couples evoked the category 'natural' and showed that in their argumentation, the category 'natural' encompassed a wide variety of phenomena, which shifted the boundaries between the 'natural' and 'non-natural'. In so doing, the couples 'renaturalised' MAP, normalized it, moved the boundaries between what is legitimate or not, and showed their accountability. Hence, reference to the category 'natural' seemed to act both as an argumentative and a psychological resource in the elaboration of the person's experience in resorting to MAP.

Musical training intensity yields opposite effects on grey matter density in cognitive versus sensorimotor networks.

Using optimized voxel-based morphometry, we performed grey matter density analyses on 59 age-, sex- and intelligence-matched young adults with three distinct, progressive levels of musical training intensity or expertise. Structural brain adaptations in musicians have been repeatedly demonstrated in areas involved in auditory perception and motor skills. However, musical activities are not confined to auditory perception and motor performance, but are entangled with higher-order cognitive processes. In consequence, neuronal systems involved in such higher-order processing may also be shaped by experience-driven plasticity. We modelled expertise as a three-level regressor to study possible linear relationships of expertise with grey matter density. The key finding of this study resides in a functional dissimilarity between areas exhibiting increase versus decrease of grey matter as a function of musical expertise. Grey matter density increased with expertise in areas known for their involvement in higher-order cognitive processing: right fusiform gyrus (visual pattern recognition), right mid orbital gyrus (tonal sensitivity), left inferior frontal gyrus (syntactic processing, executive function, working memory), left intraparietal sulcus (visuo-motor coordination) and bilateral posterior cerebellar Crus II (executive function, working memory) and in auditory processing: left Heschl's gyrus. Conversely, grey matter density decreased with expertise in bilateral perirolandic and striatal areas that are related to sensorimotor function, possibly reflecting high automation of motor skills. Moreover, a multiple regression analysis evidenced that grey matter density in the right mid orbital area and the inferior frontal gyrus predicted accuracy in detecting fine-grained incongruities in tonal music.

Tri-sector partnerships in social entrepreneurship: discourse and practice of the actors from the circles of action and reflection

This article discusses the construction of tri-sector partnerships in three projects conducted in Brazil in different fields of intervention of public policy (access to water, basic education and performance of boards of rights of children and adolescents). Collaborative articulations involving the players from three sectors (the State, civil society and the market) are practices that are little studied in the Brazilian and even in the international context, as tri-sector partnerships are rare, despite the proliferation of lines of discourse in support of alliances between governments and civil society or between companies and NGOs in the management of public policy. As a research strategy, this study resorted to cooperative inquiry, a method that involves breaking down the boundaries between the subjects and the objects of the analysis. Besides working toward a better understanding of the challenges of building tri-sector partnerships in the Brazilian context, the article also tries to show the relevance to public policy studies of investigative methods based on the subjects studied, as a means of developing an understanding of the practices, lines of discourse and dilemmas linked to social action in social programs.

Discourse Type Clustering using POS n-gram Profiles and High-Dimensional Embeddings

Abstract: To cluster textual sequence types (discourse types/modes) in French texts, K-means algorithm with high-dimensional embeddings and fuzzy clustering algorithm were applied on clauses whose POS (part-ofspeech) n-gram profiles were previously extracted. Uni-, bi- and trigrams were used on four 19th century French short stories by Maupassant. For high-dimensional embeddings, power transformations on the chi-squared distances between clauses were explored. Preliminary results show that highdimensional embeddings improve the quality of clustering, contrasting the use of bi and trigrams whose performance is disappointing, possibly because of feature space sparsity.

Summarization of specialized discourse: the case of medical articles in Spanish

In this article, we present the current state of our work on a linguistically-motivated model for automatic summarization of medical articles in Spanish. The model takes into account the results of an empirical study which reveals that, on the one hand, domain-specific summarization criteria can often be derived from the summaries of domain specialists, and, on the other hand, adequate summarization strategies must be multidimensional, i.e., cover various types of linguistic clues. We take into account the textual, lexical, discursive, syntactic and communicative dimensions. This is novel in the field of summarization. The experiments carried out so far indicate that our model is suitable to provide high quality summarizations.

Discourse, knowledge, power and politics: towards critical epistemic discourse analysis

Although both are fundamental terms in the humanities and social sciences, discourse and knowledge have seldom been explicitly related, and even less so in critical discourse studies. After a brief summary of what we know about these relationships in linguistics, psychology, epistemology and the social sciences, with special emphasis on the role of knowledge in the formation of mental models as a basis for discourse, I examine in more detail how a critical study of discourse and knowledge may be articulated in critical discourse studies. Thus, several areas of critical epistemic discourse analysis are identified, and then applied in a study of Tony Blair’s Iraq speech on March 18, 2003, in which he sought to legitimatize his decision to go to war in Iraq with George Bush. The analysis shows the various modes of how knowledge is managed and manipulated of all levels of discourse of this speech.

Utilització d'algorismes genètics per a la composició musical

Aquest memòria presenta un estudi sobre l’aplicació dels algorismes genètics per a lacomposició musical. Es descriu un sistema generador d’un conjunt de melodies i les evoluciona, a través de la iteració de l’algorisme, per a obtenir la millor composició possible, segons unconjunt de normes harmòniques i rítmiques definides arbitràriament.Les regles emprades combinen la modelització de diferents aspectes que la teoria i anàlisimusical occidental contemporani defineix com a essencials per a composar melodies agradables a l’oïda humana. Els trets més importants són melodies amb una certa linealitat, harmonia en lespolifonies i un caràcter rítmic en aquestes composicions.S’ha utilitzat el model d’ Implicació – Realització per a afavorir la linealitat i agradabilitat melòdica, un estudi estadístic de ritme i melodia en peces musicals en format MIDI i la definició per part de l’usuari d’una seqüència d’acords o patró amb el qual les melodies generades hi harmonitzaran.L’algoritme sembla generar satisfactòriament melodies que compleixen amb els aspectesavaluats, i amb la possibilitat de definir diferents seqüències d’acords, el sistema esdevé una eina d’ajuda per a realitzar petites composicions o fragments harmònics d’una manera més automatitzada.

DigitalJukebox: desarrollo de una aplicación musical interactiva

DigitalJukebox es un sistema interactivo de visualización de elementos musicales, diseñado para ser instalado en un contexto semipúblico, como por ejemplo un bar. El funcionamiento de este sistema está inspirado en las antiguas máquinas de discos, de modo que permite a losusuarios elegir la música que quieren escuchar durante su estancia en el local. A su vez, DigitalJukebox ofrece un valor añadido con respecto a la tradicional máquina de discos: además de la música, muestra el videoclip de la canción y una serie de imágenes del artista seleccionado.Así pues, este proyecto abarca las diferentes fases de creación del sistema: la definición del problema, el estudio del trabajo existente en este ámbito, el análisis de los requerimientos de losusuarios, el diseño del sistema, su implementación y la evaluación final con usuarios.

The discourse of health managers on aspects related to the delay in tuberculosis diagnosis

The aim of this study was to analyze the discourse of health managers on aspects related to delay in tuberculosis diagnosis. This was a qualitative research study, conducted with 16 Family Health Unit managers. The empirical data were obtained through semi-structured interviews. The analysis was based on the theoretical framework of the French school of discourse analysis. According to the managers’ statements, the delay in tuberculosis diagnosis is related to patient and health service aspects. As for patient aspects, managers report fear, prejudice and lack of information as factors that may promote a delayed diagnosis. Regarding health service aspects, structural problems and lack of professional skills were reported. The discourse of managers should be considered to qualify tuberculosis control actions and to prevent delays in diagnosis.

Campo Musical Cabo-verdiano da Area Metropolitana de Lisboa Protoganistas, Identidades e Musica Imigrante

Portugal é um país que acolhe, desde a década de 60 do século pretérito, uma das mais expressivas comunidades africanas – a cabo-verdiana –, cuja característica saliente é marcada, designadamente, pela presença de uma significativa e dinâmica cultura transnacional. A música, através dos seus mais variados géneros e formas, representa seguramente a dimensão mais importante desta diversificada população imigrante, juntamente com a língua cabo-verdiana. Daí o interesse no conhecimento, tanto quanto possível aprofundado, da realidade musical cabo-verdiana em contexto imigratório, a partir de um olhar atento sobre o chamado campo musical, ancorado particularmente na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa (AML). Interessada em caracterizar, nos seus aspectos essenciais, o campo da música migrante cabo-verdiana na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, esta investigação propõe-se descrever e analisar o funcionamento do campo da música migrante cabo-verdiana, observando a sua configuração, tanto no plano estrutural das relações sociais no seu interior e com o seu exterior, das trajectórias, práticas e perfis sociográficos dos músicos, como no plano simbólico/cultural das representações, identidades, representações e culturas profissionais, com base numa amostra de 102 casos, à qual foi aplicado um inquérito por questionário, para além de métodos qualitativos, designadamente a entrevista em profundidade e o focus group, de forma combinada e de acordo com o princípio da triangulação metodológica.

A Expressão da Cabo-verdianidade na Obra musical de Beto Dias

Para a realização deste trabalho monográfico, propôs-se um tema na área da Cultura Caboverdiana, sob o título, A Expressão da Cabo-verdianidade na Obra Musical de Beto Dias. O que se almeja trabalhar neste estudo monográfico é a mensagem transmitida nas composições musicais de Beto Dias e a sua relevância para a compreensão da cabo-verdianidade e não a querela à volta dos contornos da música nacional, em toda a sua abrangência e pertinência, ou seja, não se discute no presente os ritmos, as melodias, as influências e os géneros musicais subjacentes à questão. Com efeito, o compositor e intérprete, Beto Dias produziu uma vasta obra musical através de inúmeras composições, por si próprio interpretadas em vários discos, onde trata temas do quotidiano cabo-verdiano. Entretanto, ninguém se debruçou ainda sobre a referida obra com o fim de identificar na mesma a expressão da alma crioula e da cabo verdianidade, elementos psicossociais importantes para a compreensão do sócio-cultural cabo-verdiano.