Graphic design and modernisation in Greece, 1945-1970

The primary aim of this work is to give voice to the silent history of graphic design in Greece, long uncharted and undocumented in both the international forum and the local design community. This study focuses on the professional modernisation of graphic design and its role in providing the means for change in Greek society. The research is supported by interdisciplinary analysis of commercial advertisements, posters, leaflets and magazines, as well as other supporting documentation, in the historical and cultural context of Athens, Greece from 1945 to 1970. The time examined was a transitional and vociferous period in the history of Greece, one of intense and rapid economic modernisation during the post-Second World War decades from the mid-1940s to 1970. This was a time when, along with broader changes in the social, economic and political life of Greece, important developments in design education, print technology, and professional organisation marked a new age for graphic design, as a profession emerging from the broader ‘graphic arts’ field (inclusive of both technological and creative processes) and claiming autonomy over the more established fine arts sector. All four chapters deal with modernisation in relation to the assumed divisions of traditional/modern, continuity/change, centre/periphery. Main areas of investigation are: trade organisation, graphic design education, advertising and urbanisation, electricity and tourism promotion. This research offers a view of the ways the ‘modern’ and the condition of modernity were experienced in the case of Greece through certain applications of graphic design and its agents of influence: graphic designers, artists, managers, publishers, the state and private entrepreneurs. The research benefited significantly from a number of interviews with design professionals and related individuals. The present endeavour has a modest aim: to enable understanding of how and why Greek graphic design at the time came to be, and to stress the validity of the visual as a means of historical documentation.

Andor Foldes, Lecture-Recital, July 27, 1945

Concert program for Andor Foldes, July 27, 1945

Europa nach 1945 – zur situation nach dem zweiten weltkrieg

Bevor man „Europa― als politisches Konzept in zahlreichen theoretischen Texten erörterte, ist in der deutschen Literatur der Gedanke eines vereinten Europas schon seit dem 16. Jahrhundert thematisiert worden. Im folgenden Aufsatz sollen Texte der Essayisten Ernst Jünger, Frank Thiess, Werner Bergengruen und Klaus Mann (20. Jahrhundert), in denen ihr Standpunkt bezüglich des Europa-Gedanken, d.h. ein vereintes Europa zur Zeit nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg zum Ausdruck gebracht wird. Dabei sind hauptsächlich Gemeinsamkeiten und Differenzen zwischen den Autoren unter geistigen und historischen Gesichtspunkten zu ziehen.

Em torno da revista Junges Europa. A propaganda, a cultura e a ideologia ao serviço das relações luso-alemãs (1933-1945)

Dissertação de Mestrado em História, àrea de especialização em História Contemporânea

A organização científica do trabalho em Portugal após a II Guerra Mundial 1945-1974

As preocupações com a introdução de melhorias na eficiência do trabalho e do trabalhador têm, desde sempre, estado presentes no mundo do trabalho. Porém, a utilização de métodos científicos no seu estudo, planificação e organização surge apenas nos anos iniciais do século XX tendo como objectivo o aumento do rendimento mediante a supressão de desperdícios de tempo, esforço e materiais. Por norma, habituámo-nos a conotar de imediato o tema com as realidades de países como os Estados Unidos da América, a França, a Alemanha ou o Japão. No entanto, na verdade, estes princípios difundiram-se praticamente por todo o mundo industrializado ou em vias de industrialização, tendo sido desenvolvidas experiências interessantes também na América do Sul, na Europa Oriental ou nos países periféricos da Europa do Sul, entre os quais Portugal. De facto, em Portugal, os primeiros indícios de reflexão em torno destes princípios surgem ainda no período da I República, por via de pequenos artigos publicados em alguns periódicos da época. No entanto, é após a II Guerra Mundial que o aprofundamento dos estudos e da aplicação dos métodos de organização científica do trabalho tem a sua época de maior desenvolvimento. É, de facto, neste período que se dá início ao que podemos considerar como a «época de ouro» da organização científica do trabalho no País, durante a qual são criados organismos privados e estatais que têm por objectivo difundir estes princípios não só a nível industrial, mas também agrícola e administrativo. As lógicas da época não são alheias a esta realidade, encontrando-se a mesma enredada nas dinâmicas da assistência técnica norte-americana, da inserção de Portugal nos organismos de cooperação económica e sendo influenciada por outros impactos internacionais, bem como pela forma como todos estes elementos se relacionam com os desafios que Portugal enfrentava na época, com a procura da produtividade e com a tomada de consciência sobre a necessidade de ultrapassar as debilidades que haviam sido reveladas pela II Guerra Mundial e pelos estudos preparatórios dos Planos de Fomento. Na verdade, traçar a história da organização científica do trabalho em Portugal é traçar uma narrativa em dois planos, nos quais os impulsos externos são evidentes mas cujas dinâmicas são assumidas por uma plataforma de apoio que, no País, apostou na importância da melhoria da eficácia da indústria e da Administração Pública através da aplicação destes princípios. Encontramo-nos, assim, perante um Estado que, também por esta via, se internacionaliza e moderniza, que cresce em funções e funcionários; que é impelido a enfrentar novos desafios; que se envolve e recebe impactos de movimentos, correntes e organismos internacionais, num mundo que se torna cada vez mais interligado. São os ventos da época que sopram em Portugal pela porta deixada aberta pela decisão de «não ficar de fora». O estudo que seguidamente se apresenta irá, assim, identificar os veículos que conduziram à introdução da organização científica do trabalho no País e as dinâmicas que os enredaram e definiram a nível nacional e internacional, sem esquecer os actores, objectivos e resistências em presença.

Berlin, la Wilhelmstrasse [ministère de l'agriculture de 1919 à 1945] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58522

Patrick Mc Donald (USA), gagnant du poids [de 25 kg des Jeux olympiques d'Anvers] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60589

"The whole earth as village" : a chronotopic analysis of Marshall McLuhan's "Global Village" and Patrick McGoohan's The Prisoner

Marshall McLuhan's "global village", and his theories on communications and technology, in conjunction with Patrick McGoohan's television series The Prisoner (ATV, 1967-1968) are explored in this thesis. The Prisoner, brainchild of McGoohan, is about the abduction and confinement of a British government agent imprisoned within the impenetrable boundaries of a benign but totalitarian city -state called "The Village". The purpose of his abduction and imprisonment is for the extraction of information regarding his resignation as a government spy. Marshall McLuhan originally popularized the phrase "the global village" in The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making o/the Topographic Man (1962), asserting that, "The new electronic interdependence recreates the world in the image of a global village" (p. 31). This thesis argues that valid parallels exist between McGoohan's conception of "village", as manifested in The Prisoner, and McLuhan's global village. The comprehensive methodological stratagem for this thesis includes Marshall McLuhan's "mosaic" approach, Mikhail Bakhtin's concept ofthe "chronotope", as well as a Foucauldian genealogicallhistorical discourse analysis. In the process of deconstructing McLuhan's texts and The Prisoner as products of the 1960s, an historical "constellation" (to use Walter Benjamin's concept) of the same present has been executed. By employing this synthesized methodology, conjunctions have been made between McLuhan's theories and the series' main themes of bureaucracy as dictatorship, the perversion of science and technology, freedom as illusion, and the individual in opposition to the collective. A thorough investigation of the global village and The Prisoner will determine whether or not Marshall McLuhan and/or Patrick McGoohan visualize the village as an enslaving technological reality.

Florence P. Dolmage estate papers, 1878, 1945-1946

In 1852 Robert Dolmage (ca. 1821-1889) a merchant of Palermo, Halton County, Ontario married Frances Palmer of Toronto. Together they had four daughters: Carrie, Fanny, Laura and Florence. The family resided in Halton County until they moved to Grimsby, Ont. after 1871 and before 1881. Robert Dolmage died in 1889 and his wife, Frances died in 1904. After Robert’s death the family continued to reside in the family home on Main Street in Grimsby, Ont. and the business interests were looked after by Claude A. Boden. Mr. Boden became one of the prime beneficiaries of Florence Palmer Dolmage’s estate after her death in 1945. Florence Dolmage was buried in Queen’s Lawn Cemetery on July 7, 1945. As she was the last remaining member of this family her estate was dispersed to extended family members as well as charitable organizations. At this time, no information is known about the connection between the Dolmage and Sillett families.

I.O.D.E. Earl Mountbatten Chapter Fonds, 1945-2007

The I.O.D.E. as we currently know it today was founded in 1900 by Margaret Polson Murray of Montreal, who recognized a need for loyal support of Canadians departing to fight in the Boer War with the Empire forces in South Africa. She encouraged the formation of a federation of women to promote patriotism, loyalty and service to others. The first chapter was formed in Fredericton, New Brunswick on January 15th 1900. Primary chapters were formed in quick succession across Canada. In 1901, Edith Boulton Nordheimer was elected the first national president, the location of the head office became Toronto, Ontario and the federation was incorporated as Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire and Children of the Empire Junior Branch. The Earl Mountbatten Chapter was formed in 1947 and is continuing to be a functioning chapter at the time of writing this finding aid. During the 1970’s the name I.O.D.E. was officially adopted. It is a federally chartered not-for-profit, charitable organization. Structured to report under the jurisdiction of the National chapter are the Provincial chapters, the Municipal chapters and the Primary chapters. The I.O.D.E. is associated with the Victory League in England and Daughters of the British Empire in the United States and it is proud of its heritage and traditions. Queen Elizabeth II is the current patron of the organization and although chapters sometimes disband there are always new chapters forming, including e-chapters that meet through 21st century electronics.

Rick Bell Family fonds, 1874-1875, 1879, 1884, 1886, 1888-1889, 1896, 1898, 1909-1910, 1939, 1945, n.d.

Lewis Tyrell married Jane Gains on August 31, 1849 in Culpeper Court House, Virginia. Jane Gains was a spinster. Lewis Tyrell died September 25, 1908 at his late residence, Vine St. and Welland Ave., St. Catharines, Ont. at the age of 81 years, 5 months. Jane Tyrell died March 1, 1886, age 64 years. Their son? William C. Tyrell died January 15, 1898, by accident in Albany, NY, age 33 years, 3 months. John William Taylor married Susan Jones were married in St. Catharines, Ont. on August 10, 1851 by William Wilkinson, a Baptist minister. On August 9, 1894 Charles Henry Bell (1871-1916), son of Stephen (1835?-1876) and Susan Bell, married Mary E. Tyrell (b. 1869?) daughter of Lewis and Alice Tyrell, in St. Catharines Ontario. By 1895 the Bell’s were living in Erie, Pennsylvania where children Delbert Otto (b. 1895) and Edna Beatrice (b. 1897) were born. By 1897 the family was back in St. Catharines where children Lewis Tyrell (b. 1899), Gertrude Cora (b. 1901), Bessie Jane (b. 1902), Charles Henry (b. 1906), Richard Nelson (b. 1911) and William Willoughby (b. 1912) were born. Charles Henry Bell operated a coal and ice business on Geneva Street. In the 1901 Census for St. Catharines, the Bell family includes the lodger Charles Henry Hall. Charles Henry Hall was born ca. 1824 in Maryland, he died in St. Catharines on November 11, 1916 at the age of 92. On October 24, 1889 Charles Hall married Susan Bell (1829-1898). The 1911 Census of Canada records Charles Henry Hall residing in the same household as Charles Henry and Mary Bell. The relationship to the householder is step-father. It is likely that after Stephen Bell’s death in 1876, his widow, Susan Bell married Hall. In 1939, Richard Nelson Bell, son of Charles Henry and Mary Tyrell Bell, married Iris Sloman. Iris (b. 22 May 1912 in Biddulph Township, Middlesex, Ontario) was the daughter of Albert (son of Joseph b. 1870 and Elizabeth Sloman, b. 1872) and Josie (Josephine Ellen) Butler Sloman of London, Ont. Josie (b. 1891) was the daughter of Everett Richard and Elizabeth McCarthy (or McCarty) Butler, of Lucan Village, Middlesex North. According to the 1911 Census of Canada, Albert, a Methodist, was a porter on the railroad. His wife, Josephine, was a Roman Catholic. Residing with Albert and Josie were Sanford and Sadie Butler and Sidney Sloman, likely siblings of Albert and Josephine. The Butler family is descended from Peter Butler, a former slave, who had settled in the Wilberforce Colony in the 1830s. Rick Bell b. 1949 in Niagara Falls, Ont. is the son of Richard Nelson Bell. In 1979, after working seven years as an orderly at the St. Catharines General Hospital while also attending night school at Niagara College, Rick Bell was hired by the Thorold Fire Dept. He became the first Black professional firefighter in Niagara. He is a founding member of the St. Catharines Junior Symphony; attended the Banff School of Fine Arts in 1966 and also performed with the Lincoln & Welland Regimental Band and several other popular local groups. Upon the discovery of this rich archive in his mothers’ attic he became passionate about sharing his Black ancestry and the contributions of fugitive slaves to the heritage Niagara with local school children. He currently resides in London, Ont.

Proceedings : Grand Lodge, A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario - 1945

On spine : The Grand Lodge of Canada in the Province of Ontario.