Metastatic spinal cord compression: Implementing NICE guidance

Metastatic spinal cord compression: Implementing NICE guidanceThis presentation has been written to help you raise awareness of the NICE clinical guideline on Metastatic spinal cord compression: Diagnosis & management of adults at risk of and with MSCC. This guideline has been written for healthcare professionals and other staff who care for people with metastatic spinal cord compression..

Molecular imaging by micro-CT: specific E-selectin imaging.

The primary goal of this study was to design a fluorescent E-selectin-targeted iodine-containing liposome for specific E-selectin imaging with the use of micro-CT. The secondary goal was to correlate the results of micro-CT imaging with other imaging techniques with cellular resolution, i.e., confocal and intravital microscopy. E-selectin-targeted liposomes were tested on endothelial cells in culture and in vivo in HT-29 tumor-bearing mice (n = 12). The liposomes contained iodine (as micro-CT contrast medium) and fluorophore (as optical contrast medium) for confocal and intravital microscopy. Optical imaging methods were used to confirm at the cellular level, the observations made with micro-CT. An ischemia-reperfusion model was used to trigger neovessel formation for intravital imaging. The E-selectin-targeted liposomes were avidly taken up by activated endothelial cells, whereas nontargeted liposomes were not. Direct binding of the E-selectin-targeted liposomes was proved by intravital microscopy, where bright spots clearly appeared on the activated vessels. Micro-CT imaging also demonstrated accumulation of the targeted lipsomes into subcutaneous tumor by an increase of 32 +/- 8 HU. Hence, internalization by activated endothelial cells was rapid and mediated by E-selectin. We conclude that micro-CT associated with specific molecular contrast agent is able to detect specific molecular markers on activated vessel walls in vivo.

A micro-spreading improvement for spermatogenic chromosomes from Triatominae (Hemiptera-Reduviidae)

Cytogenetics of triatomines have been a valuable biological tool for the study of evolution, taxonomy, and epidemiology of these vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. Here we present a single microtube protocol that combines micro-centrifugation and micro-spreading, allowing high quality cytogenetic preparations from male gonadal material of Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma lecticularia. The amount of cellular scattering can be modulated, which can be useful if small aggregates of synchronous cells are desired. Moreover, a higher number of slides per gonad can be obtained with fully flattened clean chromosomal spreads with minimum overlaps, optimal for classical and modern molecular cytogenetic analyses.

Micro-Structural Brain Alterations in Aviremic HIV+ Patients with Minor Neurocognitive Disorders: A Multi-Contrast Study at High Field.

OBJECTIVE: Mild neurocognitive disorders (MND) affect a subset of HIV+ patients under effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). In this study, we used an innovative multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach at high-field to assess the presence of micro-structural brain alterations in MND+ patients. METHODS: We enrolled 17 MND+ and 19 MND- patients with undetectable HIV-1 RNA and 19 healthy controls (HC). MRI acquisitions at 3T included: MP2RAGE for T1 relaxation times, Magnetization Transfer (MT), T2* and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) to probe micro-structural integrity and iron deposition in the brain. Statistical analysis used permutation-based tests and correction for family-wise error rate. Multiple regression analysis was performed between MRI data and (i) neuropsychological results (ii) HIV infection characteristics. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on MRI data was performed between MND+ and MND- patients and cross-validated with a leave-one-out test. RESULTS: Our data revealed loss of structural integrity and micro-oedema in MND+ compared to HC in the global white and cortical gray matter, as well as in the thalamus and basal ganglia. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant influence of sub-cortical nuclei alterations on the executive index of MND+ patients (p = 0.04 he and R(2) = 95.2). The LDA distinguished MND+ and MND- patients with a classification quality of 73% after cross-validation. CONCLUSION: Our study shows micro-structural brain tissue alterations in MND+ patients under effective therapy and suggests that multi-contrast MRI at high field is a powerful approach to discriminate between HIV+ patients on cART with and without mild neurocognitive deficits.

Des pratiques d'ingénierie aux transitions sociotechniques. Retour sur la notion d'ingénierie hétérogène dans le cas des micro- et nanotechnologies

Cet article rend compte du travail d'ingénierie dans le domaine des micro- et nanotechnologies (MNT) en explorant une diversité de lieux où technologies et sociétés sont coproduites : comités internationaux où sont définies des feuilles de route (roadmap), laboratoires de recherche où sont conçus de nouveaux dispositifs, plates-formes d'exploration et de transfert des nouvelles technologies vers l'industrie, grands programmes de recherche où chercheurs et entreprises façonnent des infrastructures sociotechniques et régulent l'inscription sociétale des nouveautés techniques. Il utilise le concept d'« ingénierie hétérogène » (Law, 1989) afin d'expliquer la capacité de transformation sociale des pratiques d'ingénierie. Il montre ainsi que la théorie de l'acteur-réseau peut produire une description des mécanismes à l'oeuvre lors d'une transition sociotechnique, depuis la construction de projets de laboratoire jusqu'à leur inscription dans la société, sans pour autant renoncer à « suivre les acteurs » - notamment les ingénieurs - et leurs pratiques concrètes et situées.

Residual effect of a micro-encapsulated formulation of organophosphates and piriproxifen on the mortality of deltamethrin resistant Triatoma infestans populations in rural houses of the Bolivian Chaco region

The Bolivian Chaco is part of the endemic region of Chagas disease and an area where pyrethroid resistant Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) populations has been reported. The World Health Organization identified these resistant populations as an important focus for research. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of a micro-encapsulated formulation containing organophosphate active ingredients and a juvenile hormone analogue (Inesfly 5A IGR) on the mortality of T. infestans. Studies took place in rural houses of the Bolivian Chaco that were treated up to 34 months before and evaluated the susceptibility to pyrethroids of the offspring of field collected insects. Thirty houses were randomly selected within three communities to carry out wall bio-assays with T. infestans nymphs. Mortality was recorded 24, 48 and 72 h after wall contact. Eggs laid by females collected in the area were used to obtain first-instar nymphs and carry out pyrethroid susceptibility tests. The wall bio-assays showed that the micro-encapsulated insecticide eliminates T. infestans populations and produces detectable mortality of insects exposed to walls treated 34 months prior to the tests. The discriminant dose of deltamethrin (0.01 mg/mL) showed 65% nymph survival, whereas at the highest tested dose (1.0 mg/mL) 14% of the nymphs survived. These results show that Inesfly 5A IGR is an appropriate tool for the elimination of intradomestic and peridomestic populations of T. infestans resistant to pyrethroids.

Compression-based Image Registration

Image registration is an important component of image analysis used to align two or more images. In this paper, we present a new framework for image registration based on compression. The basic idea underlying our approach is the conjecture that two images are correctly registered when we can maximally compress one image given the information in the other. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we show that the image registration process can be dealt with from the perspective of a compression problem. Second, we demonstrate that the similarity metric, introduced by Li et al., performs well in image registration. Two different versions of the similarity metric have been used: the Kolmogorov version, computed using standard real-world compressors, and the Shannon version, calculated from an estimation of the entropy rate of the images

Controls on ostracod valve geochemistry, Part 1: Variations of environmental parameters in ostracod (micro-)habitats

The variations of environmental conditions (T°, pH, δ13CDIC, [DIC], δ18O, Mg/Ca, and Sr/Ca) of ostracod habitats were examined to determine the controls of environmental parameters on the chemical and isotopic composition of ostracod valves. Results of a one-year monitoring of environmental parameters at five sites, with depths of between 2 and 70 m, in Lake Geneva indicate that in littoral to sub-littoral zones (2, 5, and 13 m), the chemical composition of bottom water varies seasonally in concert with changes in temperature and photosynthetic activity. An increase of temperature and photosynthetic activity leads to an increase in δ13C values of DIC and to precipitation of authigenic calcite, which results in a concomitant increase of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios of water. In deeper sites (33 and 70 m), the composition of bottom water remains constant throughout the year and isotopic values and trace element contents are similar to those of deep water within the lake. The chemical composition of interstitial pore water also does not reflect seasonal variations but is controlled by calcite dissolution, aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration with reduction of sulphate and/or nitrate, and methanogenesis that may occur in the sediment pores. Relative influence of each of these factors on the pore water geochemistry depends on sediment thickness and texture, oxygen content in bottom as well as pore water. Variations of chemical compositions of the ostracod valves of this study vary according to the specific ecology of the ostracod species analysed, that is its life-cycle and its (micro-)habitat. Littoral species have compositions that are related to the seasonal variations of temperature, δ13C values of DIC, and of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios of water. In contrast, the compositions of profundal species are largely controlled by variations of pore fluids along sediment depth profiles according to the specific depth preference of the species. The control on the geochemistry of sub-littoral species is a combination of controls for the littoral and profundal species as well as the specific ecology of the species.

Diseño y fabricación de micro/nanochips para identificación y actuación en células vivas

Este estudio abarca el diseño, desarrollo tecnológico y fabricación, mediante la utilización de tecnologías de Micro y Nanosistemas, de herramientas en el orden de las micras y los nanómetros. Estos dispositivos serán utilizados en el estudio, identificación e interactuación con células vivas, ya que sus pequeñas dimensiones los hacen idóneos para su aplicación en el campo de la Biología Celular. Estas micro y nanoherramientas pueden usarse para el estudio, identificación o actuación de células vivas desde el exterior. Pero también pueden ser microinyectadas, lipofectadas o fagocitadas por parte de la misma célula, y de esta manera hacer estudios o actuar de forma intracelular.

Síntesi i caracterització de micro- i nanoestructures de compostos fotoactius de perilendiimida

En el present treball de recerca s’ha portat a terme la síntesi i caracterització de fibres a escala micro- i nanomètrica mitjançant l’auto-assemblatge dels compostos 1 i 2. Aquests compostos estan formats per una unitat de perilendiimida (PI) i una unitat d’estilbè i, en base a estudis previs desenvolupats al nostre grup de recerca, haurien de comportar-se com a sistemes acceptor-donador d’electrons fotoinduïts. Per tant, les corresponents estructures obtingudes podrien presentar activitat fotovoltaica. En primer lloc, s’ha abordat la síntesi dels compostos 1 i 2, seguint la metodologia posada a punt prèviament al nostre grup de recerca. A continuació, s’han estudiat les propietats òptiques de 1 i 2 en dissolució, la qual cosa ha permès establir que: (a) tal i com es pretenia, tots dos compostos presenten transferència electrònica fotoinduïda entre la unitat electró-acceptora de PI i la unitat electró-donadora de trans-estilbè; (b) la diferent morfologia de la cadena alquílica lateral del grup de PI a 1 i 2 afecta la seva capacitat d’auto-assemblatge mitjançant interaccions intermoleculars de tipus π-π. A continuació, s’han assajat diferents metodologies per a la fabricació de micro- i nanoestructures auto-assemblades de 1 i 2. Els millors resultats s’han obtingut mitjançant l’ús de motlles d’òxid d’alúmina i per al compost 2 degut al menor impediment estèric de la seva cadena alquílica lateral. La caracterització de les estructures resultants en aquest cas mitjançant tècniques microscòpiques i espectroscòpiques han permès demostrar la formació de nanotubs de 200 nm de diàmetre, d’uns 15 μm de longitud i en què les unitats de PI s’ordenen amb els seus sistemes aromàtics de forma co-facial o gairebé co-facial. La possible activitat fotovoltaica d’aquestes estructures s’estudiarà posteriorment.